Cellular Respiration Adenosine Triphosphate Universal energy carrier of the cell –Active transport...
-
Upload
oswin-hopkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
1
Transcript of Cellular Respiration Adenosine Triphosphate Universal energy carrier of the cell –Active transport...
Cellular Respiration
Adenosine Triphosphate
• Universal energy carrier of the cell– Active transport
– Reproduction
– Movement
– Muscle contractions
– Protein synthesis
• Hydrolysis of ATPATP + H2O ADP + Pi + Energy
• Energy used to produce heat & drive processes
Cellular Respiration
1C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
• Primarily in mitochondria
• Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP
• Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs)
Glycolysis• Start: Glucose (6-
carbon molecule)• 2ATP energizes the
glucose– Phosphate breaks
from ATP
• Glucose (6C) broken into two Pyruvates (3C)
• Finish:Two pyruvates
4 ATPs
NADH (H carriers)
ATPATPATP
ATPPyruvate
Pyruvate
NADH NADH
Glycolysis Summary
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
• Step 1: Pyruvate broken down
– Pyruvate (3C) is split into Acetic Acid (2C) and CO2
– More NADH created
CO2 CO2
Acetic acid Acetic acid
• Step 2: Coenzyme A– Acetic Acid (2C) combines with coenzyme A to
create Acetyl-CoA (2C)
• Step 3: Citric Acid formed– Acetyl-CoA (2C) binds with 4C molecule (from previous
Kreb’s cycle)– Citric Acid (6C) created
• Step 4: Citric Acid broken down– Citric Acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule– CO2 waste created– More NADH created
CO2 CO2
Citric acid Citric acid5C molecule 5C molecule
• Step 5: 5C molecule broken down– 5C molecule broken down into 4C molecule– CO2 waste created– More NADH created– ATP created
5C molecule 5C molecule
ATP ATP
CO2 CO2
4C molecule 4C molecule
• Step 6: 4C molecule rearranged
– Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule
– More NADH, FADH2 created
– 4C molecule restarts the Kreb’s cycle when bonded with Acetyl-CoA
4C molecule 4C molecule
Acetyl coA Acetyl coA
Citric acid Citric acid
Kreb’s Summary
• 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create:– 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2
ATPATPATP
ATPPyruvate
Pyruvate
Glycolysis: net gain of 2ATP
CO2 CO2
Acetic acid Acetic acid
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
CO2 CO2
Citric acid Citric acid5C molecule 5C molecule
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
5C molecule 5C molecule
ATP ATP
CO2 CO2
4C molecule 4C molecule
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain
• Step 1: Electrons removed– Electrons removed from NADH and FADH2
• Step 2: Hydrogen Ions Transported– Proteins pump H+ ions across inner membrane of
mitochondria– H+ ions accumulate
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
• Step 3: ATP produced– H+ ions diffuse through protein channels to bind
ADP + Pi
– 34 ATP created
H+H+
H+
H+
ATP
ATPATP
ATP
• Step 4: Water created
– Oxygen binds with H+ ions to create 6H2O as a waste
H+
H+
H+
O
O
O
H+
H2 O
H2 O
Your essay question on the next test!
Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.