Cellular Respiration
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Transcript of Cellular Respiration
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Cellular RespirationCellular respiration: A catabolic energy yielding pathway in which oxygen and organic fuels are consumed and ATP is produced
• An aerobic process—it requires oxygen
Organic + Oxygen Carbon + Water + EnergyCompounds
Dioxide
Summary equations:
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Energy ConversionFuel rich inchemicalenergy
Energy conversionWaste productspoor in chemical
energy
Gasoline
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
WaterEnergy conversion in a car
Energy for cellular work
Energy conversion in a cell
Heatenergy
Heatenergy
Carbon dioxide
Water
Food
Oxygen
Combustion
Cellularrespiration
Kinetic energy
of movement
ATP
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Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 CO2O2 H2O
Glucose Oxygen Carbondioxide
Water
6 66
Reduction
Oxidation
Oxygen gains electrons (and hydrogens)
Glucose loses electrons(and hydrogens)
•By oxidizing glucose, energy is taken out of “storage” and made available for ATP synthesis
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Metabolic Disequilibrium
*Multistep open hydroelectric system
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3 metabolic stages:
*glycolysis *Krebs cycle
*electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
*Substrate-level phosphorylation
*Oxidative phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondrion
High-energyelectronscarriedby NADH
High-energyelectrons carriedmainly byNADH
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
GlycolysisGlucose
2Pyruvic
acid
ATP ATP ATP
Figure 6.6
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
High-energyelectronscarried
by NADH
High-energyelectrons carried
mainly byNADH
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
Glycolysis
ATP ATP ATP2 2 ~34~38 ATP
per glucose
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Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.
Cellular Respiration
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1) Glucose is phosphorylated
2) G-6-P is rearranged
3) Addition of another phosphate group
5) Conversion b/w the 2 3-carbon sugars
4) Cleavage into 2 3-carbon sugars
Cellular Respiration
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6) Two components: *electron transfer *Phosphate group addition
Glycolysis: Energy Payoff Phase
7) ATP production
8) Rearrangement of phosphate group
9) Loss of water
10) ATP production
Cellular Respiration
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Fermentation
aerobicanaerobic
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The Krebs cycle: energy-yielding oxidation
The junction b/w glycolysis and the Krebs cycle:
Multienzyme complex:
1) Removal of CO2 2) Electron transfer *pyruvate dehydrogenase 3) Addition of CoA
Cellular Respiration
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The Krebs cycle: energy-yielding oxidation
1) Addition of 2 Carbons Citrate synthase
2) Isomerization Aconitase
3) *Loss of CO2 *electron transfer
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
4) *Loss of CO2 *electron transfer a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
5) substrate-level phosphorylation Succinyl CoA-synthetase
6) electron transfer Succinate
dehydrogenase
7) Rearrangement of bonds
Fumarase
8) electron transfer Malate dehydrogenase
Cellular Respiration
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Electron transport and ATP synthesis
*Multi-step open system
Cellular Respiration
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Generation and maintenance of an H+ gradient*Exergonic flow of e-, pumps H+ across the membrane
*chemiosmosis
high energy electrons
Cellular Respiration
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*How does the mitochondrion couple electron transport and ATP synthesis?
ATP synthase
Cellular Respiration
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Versatility of Cellular Respiration
Food
Polysaccharides Fats Proteins
Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids
Amino acids
Glycolysis AcetylCoA
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
ATP
– In addition to glucose, cellular respiration can “burn”:• Diverse types of carbohydrates• Fats• Proteins