Cellular Presentation
Transcript of Cellular Presentation
What the Cell?
Cell
Cell - smallest, independent unit of life!
- made up of organelles – nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, etc.
1. Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane – surrounds the entire cell.
- “Semi-permeable” – lets only certain materials into and out of cell.
- Lipid “Bilayer” -
2 layers of lipids.
ProteinsLipids
Receptors
2. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm – fluid “jelly” material that fills the cell.
- made up mostly of water!
3. Nucleus
Nucleus – controls all activities of the cell.
- contains chromosomes & DNA.
- in charge of cell divisionNucleus
4. Mitochondria
Mitochondria – makes the cell’s ATP (energy).
- Carries out Cellular Respiration.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
E.R. – pathways which transport and make materials.
- Rough ER – has ribosomes.
- Smooth ER – no ribosomes.
6. Ribosome
Ribosome – synthesizes proteins for the cell.
- can be attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
or “free” floating in the cytoplasm.
7. Vacuole
Vacuole – “sack” that stores materials.
a. Food vacuole – stores food
b. Contractile vacuole – pumps water out
8. Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies – package and ship materials around cell.
9. Lysosome
Lysosome – “sack” containing digestive enzymes.
- destroys wastes, food, bacteria, etc.
Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells
Plant Cells
1. Cell wall – provide support and protection for the cell.
- lies OUTSIDE cell membrane.
- makes plant cells rectangular.
Cell wall “outer layer”
2. Chloroplast – uses energy from the sun to make simple sugars (glucose).
- contain chlorophyll which captures sunlight.
- carries out photosynthesis:
6H2O + 6CO2 ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
(water) (carbon dioxide) (glucose)
(oxygen)
Animal Cells
1. Centriole – cylindrical “sticks” that help in cellular division.
Single-Celled Vs. Multicellular
Single-cell – organisms that are made of only one cell.
- capable of metabolism and homeostasis.
Ex: bacteria, paramecium, etc.
Multicellular – organisms that are made up of many, many cells.- Tissues – group of cells working together.- Organs – group of tissues working together. (Ex: Stomach)-Organ systems – group of organs working together. (Ex: Digestive)
Ex: Humans, plants, animals
Multicellular Organization
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Microscopy and Cell TheoryMicroscopy and Cell Theory
- allows light to pass through specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.
- paves the way for cell theory.
- can observe LIVING specimens.
Compound Light Microscope
Electron Microscope• Observe specimens 1000X smaller than
light microscopes.
- uses a beam of electrons.
- can NOT observe living specimens.
Cell Theory
Cell Theory:
1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. All cells arise from previous cells.