Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.
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Transcript of Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.
![Page 1: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cellular Energy StAIR
Chapter 6&7
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
![Page 2: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
All of the images present come directly from your textbook, Modern Biology by Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
In your notes write the page number where the graphic is located.
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Obtaining Energy
ATP, adenosine triphosphate is the energy source used by all living things.
ATP provides the energy required for cellular activities like:– muscle contraction– protein synthesis– active transport
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Obtaining Energy
Autotrophs use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds
Animals and other organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances are called heterotrophs.
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Organisms that produce their own food are categorized how?
A. Heterotrophs
B. Autotrophs
C. Chemotrophs
D. Multitrophs
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Correct!!!
You have done a good job paying attention to the material. To move on the the next
section click on the play button at the bottom.
![Page 7: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Try Again.
This time read through the questions and answers more carefully.
![Page 8: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Organisms that eat their food to obtain energy are called___________A. Heterotrophs
B. Autotrophs
C. Chemotrophs
D. Multitrophs
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Exactly!!!Keep up the good work! Move on to the
next section.
![Page 10: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Close…but no cigar.
Think about it. Use any clues you can remember to answer the question correctly.
![Page 11: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What is Photosynthesis? (PSN)The prefix “photo” means lightThe word “synthesis” means to
make
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What does photosynthesis literally mean?
A. To make light
B. Light making ability
C. To make with light
D. Make plants green
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Awesome!!!
You are so smart. Keep the good work going right on into the next portion.
![Page 14: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Awe Shucks!
Not quite. Maybe you rushed yourself. This time take your time and think it over.
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Required Materials for Photosynthesis
1. light energy
2. inorganic materials
3. pigments
4. energy storage compound
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Light energy
The light energy from sunlight is absorbed by pigments found in plant cells.
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Inorganic materials
CO2 (carbon dioxide) is the source of carbon and oxygen for making glucose
H2O (water) is the source of hydrogen for making glucose and the oxygen given off as a byproduct
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Pigments
Plant pigments absorb sunlight– Chlorophyll a absorbs indigo and
red lights– Chlorophyll b absorbs blue and
orange-red light– Chlorophyll c absorbs small
amounts of blue and orange light.
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Pigments
Chlorophyll is located in the plant organelle called a chloroplast
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Energy Storage CompoundATP, adenosine triphosphate,
provides the cells with the energy it requires to make glucose through PSN
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Which of the following is NOT needed for PSN?
A. Water
B. Sunlight
C. Energy Storage compound
D. Soil
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Correct!!!
You have done a good job paying attention to the material. To move on the the next
section click on the play button at the bottom.
![Page 23: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Awe Shucks!
Not quite. Maybe you rushed yourself. This time take your time and think it over.
![Page 24: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Overview of PSN
Light energy from the sun is trapped by the chloroplasts and converted into a stored chemical energy (glucose) that can be used by living cells.
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Overview of PSN
Each chloroplast consists of a double membrane enclosing stacks of green disc like structures called thylakoids.
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Overview of PSN
Stacks of thylakoids make up grana
The thylakoids are surrounded by a dense fluid called the stroma
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What are the three parts to a chloroplast?
A. Grandma, thiel, sloma
B. Grana, stacks, stomata
C. Grana, thylakoids, stroma
D. Grains, thylakoids, sloma
![Page 28: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Exactly!!!Keep up the good work! Move on to the
next section.
![Page 29: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Close…but no cigar.
Think about it. Use any clues you can remember to answer the question correctly.
![Page 30: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Overview of PSN
Photosynthesis can be divided into two stages: Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle– In the light reactions, light energy is converted
to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and the energy carrier molecule NADPH.
– In the Calvin Cycle, organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH.
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Light Reactions
Occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts only when sunlight is present
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Where do the light reactions occur?
A. Thylakoid membranes
B. Stroma
C. Grana
D. Stroma membranes
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Awesome!!!
You are so smart. Keep the good work going right on into the next portion.
![Page 35: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Awe Shucks!
Not quite. Maybe you rushed yourself. This time take your time and think it over.
![Page 36: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Light Reactions
Light energy is captured 2 molecules of water are split
into 4 H+ (hydrogen ions) and O2 (a molecule of oxygen gas)
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Light Reactions
NADP (a hydrogen acceptor) bonds with the H+ ions to form NADPH (an energy storage compound) that is used in the dark reactions
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A molecule of ______ is split and _________ is released in the light reactions.
A. Oxygen, water
B. Glucose, Carbon dioxide
C. Water, oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide, glucose
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Awesome!!!
You are so smart. Keep the good work going right on into the next portion.
![Page 41: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Try Again.
This time read through the questions and answers more carefully.
![Page 42: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Dark Reactions
The reactions that DO NOT require light but can take place in the light
ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used to change carbon dioxide to sugar
Also called the Calvin cycle
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Dark Reactions
In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation.
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The products from the ___________ are used later in the _________.
A. Calvin cycle, dark
B. Dark, light
C. Light, dark
D. Calvin cycle, light
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Correct!!!
You have done a good job paying attention to the material. To move on the the next
section click on the play button at the bottom.
![Page 46: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Awe Shucks!
Not quite. Maybe you rushed yourself. This time take your time and think it over.
![Page 47: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Dark Reactions
CO2 combines with RuBP (a 5 carbon sugar) to form an unstable 6 carbon molecule
RuBP+CO2 compound breaks apart to form 2 molecules of PGA (3 carbon mol.)
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Dark Reactions
PGA combines with the hydrogen which is taken from the NADPH from the light reactions and forms G3P (3 carbon molecule)
G3P can be used as a nutrient or combined to make glucose or RUBP
![Page 50: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
What is produced from the Calvin cycle?
A. Glucose
B. RuBP
C. G3P
D. PGA
![Page 51: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Exactly!!!Keep up the good work! Move on to the
next section.
![Page 52: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Close…but no cigar.
Think about it. Use any clues you can remember to answer the question correctly.
![Page 53: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Chemical Equation for PSN
enzymes
6CO2 + 6H2O --->C6H12O6 + 6O2
sunlight
![Page 54: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
What are the reactants of the photosynthesis equation?
A. Enzymes and sunlight
B. Water and glucose
C. Oxygen and water
D. Carbon dioxide and water
![Page 55: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Awesome!!!
You are so smart. Keep the good work going right on into the next portion.
![Page 56: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Try Again.
This time read through the questions and answers more carefully.
![Page 57: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Photosynthesis Song
http://www.edublogs.tv/play.php?vid=880Click on the above link to listen to the
photosynthesis song. After listening once just close the browser window and come back to the StAIR.
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Cellular Respiration
The process by which cells breakdown glucose to release energy and give off CO2 and H2O
Occurs in 2 stages–anaerobic–aerobic
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Cellular Respiration: 2 types
Anaerobic– Occurs when
oxygen is NOT available
– Located in the cytoplasm of cells
– Inefficient energy producer (ATP)
Aerobic– Occurs when oxygen
is available– Located in the
mitochondrion of cells– Produces great
amount of energy (ATP)
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This type of respiration is the most efficient because it creates the most energy.
A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Glycolysis
D. Fermentation
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Awesome!!!
You are so smart. Keep the good work going right on into the next portion.
![Page 62: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Awe Shucks!
Not quite. Maybe you rushed yourself. This time take your time and think it over.
![Page 63: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Cellular Respiration
1st stage is called Glycolysis– Glyco= pertaining to sugar– Lysis= cutting/splitting– Glycolysis is the process where
sugar is broken down for energy• Occurs in the cytoplasm and requires 2 molecules of ATP
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Glycolysis
Glucose breaks down into pyruvic acid
4 molecules of ATP are produced
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Glycolysis•Pictured to the right is the process of glycolysis
•One molecule of glucose enters the reactions and 2 molecules of pyruvate are produced along with a net gain of 2 ATP
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Since glycolysis uses 2 ATP, what is the amount of ATP that can be used by the cell once glycolysis is completed?A. 34
B. 36
C. 4
D. 2
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Exactly!!!Keep up the good work! Move on to the
next section.
![Page 68: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Close…but no cigar.
Think about it. Use any clues you can remember to answer the question correctly.
![Page 69: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
2nd Stage-Aerobic RespirationIf oxygen is present pyruvic acid
enters the mitochondria to begin the Kreb’s or Citric Acid Cycle
Pyruvic acid is broken down to acetic acid
Acetic acid forms citric acid
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2nd Stage-Aerobic RespirationH2O and CO2 are given off as
waste products36 ATP are formed
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Summary of Aerobic Respiration
2 ATP 2 ATP 34 ATP
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How many ATP are produced from aerobic respiration alone?
A. 34
B. 36
C. 4
D. 2
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Correct!!!
You have done a good job paying attention to the material. To move on the the next
section click on the play button at the bottom.
![Page 74: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Awe Shucks!
Not quite. Maybe you rushed yourself. This time take your time and think it over.
![Page 75: Cellular Energy StAIR Chapter 6&7 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e5f5503460f94b592c8/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
2nd Stage-Anaerobic RespirationIf no oxygen is present pyruvic
acid is broken down in the cytoplasm by the process of fermentation
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2nd Stage-Anaerobic RespirationAlcohol
FermentationOccurs in plant
cellsProduces ethyl
alcohol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in animal cells (muscle tissue)
Produces lactic acid
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2nd Stage-Anaerobic Respiration
–The build up of lactic acid is what causes muscle soreness after a workout
–When O2 levels increase lactic acid converts back to pyruvic acid which can then be metabolized
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Which type of fermentation would you enter after prolonged exercise?
A. Alcohol
B. Lactic Acid
C. Glycolysis
D. Pyruvic Acid
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Awesome!!!
You are so smart. Keep the good work going right on into the next portion.
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Try Again.
This time read through the questions and answers more carefully.
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Summary of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
2 ATP
2 ATP
34 ATP
2 ATP
0ATP
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Balanced Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+6H2O+36 ATP
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Comparison of the Chemical Equations for Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +36 ATP
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are…..
Opposites!