Cellular Energy Cellular Energy NeedsNeeds

BiologyBiology

Mr. HildebrandtMr. Hildebrandt

All Living Cells Need All Living Cells Need EnergyEnergy

Cells either make their Cells either make their own food (glucose) or own food (glucose) or obtain it.obtain it.

AutotrophicAutotrophic cells cells convert sunlight into convert sunlight into glucoseglucose

HeterotrophicHeterotrophic cells cells have to obtain have to obtain glucose by other glucose by other means.means.

Energy Storage Energy Storage MoleculesMolecules

GlucoseGlucose is turned is turned into energy storage into energy storage molecules called molecules called ATPATP..

ATP = ATP = Adenosine Adenosine TriphosphateTriphosphate

When a phosphate When a phosphate group is broken off, group is broken off, energy is releasedenergy is released

Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions ReactantsReactants – substances that enter a – substances that enter a

reaction. They are changed.reaction. They are changed. ProductsProducts – substances left after the – substances left after the

reaction has taken place.reaction has taken place. Two chemical reactions are Two chemical reactions are

necessary for cells to produce necessary for cells to produce energy: energy: PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis & & Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration

Photosynthetic PigmentsPhotosynthetic Pigments PigmentsPigments are chemicals are chemicals

that absorb light. that absorb light. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (A and B) (A and B)

Primary pigments, green Primary pigments, green in color.in color.

AnthocyaninAnthocyanin – red/purple – red/purple CaroteneCarotene – orange – orange Xanthophyll Xanthophyll - yellow- yellow

Photosynthesis ExplainedPhotosynthesis Explained Takes place in Takes place in

ChromoplastsChromoplasts within within autotrophic cells.autotrophic cells.

Primarily the Primarily the ChloroplastsChloroplasts

Reactants: Carbon Reactants: Carbon Dioxide & WaterDioxide & Water

Products: Glucose & Products: Glucose & Oxygen Oxygen

Driven by the sunDriven by the sun

6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22OO C C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22light

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration ExplainedExplained Process that releases energy (ATP) Process that releases energy (ATP)

by breaking down glucoseby breaking down glucose Takes place in cellsTakes place in cells

mitochondriamitochondria Reactants: glucose Reactants: glucose

& oxygen& oxygen Products: HProducts: H220, CO0, CO22

& ATP& ATP

Types of Cellular Types of Cellular RespirationRespiration AerobicAerobic (sufficient O (sufficient O22) – very effective, 36 ) – very effective, 36

ATPs produced from one glucose:ATPs produced from one glucose:

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 6CO 6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + 36 ATP0 + 36 ATP

FermentationFermentation (no O (no O22) – not efficient) – not efficient

1. 1. Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation: alcohol : alcohol and C0and C022 are produced are produced

2. 2. Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation: l. acid : l. acid produced produced