IB2.28.3 Genetic disorders © Oxford University Press 2011 Genetic disorders.
Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.
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Transcript of Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.
![Page 1: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cells & Heredity
Human Genetic Disorders
Chapter 4
Section 2
![Page 2: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Genetic Disorder
• Genetic Disorders are caused by mutations– Changes in an organism’s DNA
![Page 3: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cystic Fibrosis
• Thick mucus builds up in the lungs and intestines– Hard to breath– Difficulties digesting
• Northern European Ancestry– On Average, 4 babies
per day born in U.S. with CF
![Page 4: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sickle-Cell Disease
• Abnormal hemoglobin formed in red blood cells– Can not carry much O2
from the lungs to the body
• African Ancestry– 9% of African Americans
![Page 5: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hemophilia
• Blood does not clot correctly– Can easily bleed to
death
• “Royal Disease”– Queen Victoria of England
in 1800’s• Passed it onto her son and
several of her daughters were carriers
• Her granddaughter married the Russian Czar Nicholas II
– Passed the gene to their children
![Page 6: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Down Syndrome
• Trisomy of the 21st Chromosomal pair
• Mental Retardation– Can be mild/severe
• Heart Defects– Usually treatable
![Page 7: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Diagnosing Genetic Disorders
• Amniocentesis– Doctor uses long needle to remove amniotic
fluid• Contains baby’s cells
![Page 8: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Karyotype
• A picture of baby’s chromosomes– Used to detect genetic abnormalities
![Page 9: Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083009/56649f555503460f94c78e94/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Genetic Counseling
• Helps couples to determine their chances of having a child with particular genetic disorders