• Cells grow by obtaining nutrients and discharging waste.

• Cells usually reach a certain size and then divide. An adult’s cells are no larger than a child’s, just that there are more of them.

• Smaller a cell is, the better for transporting

gases and nutrients into the cell. • Smaller Cell = More Surface Area• Larger size is more demanding of

nutrients• Larger size put more demands on DNA

Cell grows, prepares for division, divides to form two new daughter cells

Divided into 3 phases (longest)

1. G1 Phase: period of activity where cells increase in size & synthesize new proteins & organelles

Interphase

2. S Phase: Chromosomes are replicated & synthesis of DNA molecules.

3. G2 Phase: DNA replication complete, the shortest phase begins. Organelles/molecules for cell division produced. Now M phase can begin.

Interphase cont.

Mitosis takes place

or

DIVISION OF CELL NUCLEUS!

Later cytokinesis takes place

M Phase:

M Phases-Mitosis:

-Interphase

-Prophase

-Metaphase

-Anaphase

-Telophase

Cytokinesis:

Division of cytoplasm at end of mitosis

Remember: IPMAT

Chromosome: made of DNA which carry cell’s coded genetic info

Centrioles: help organize spindle fibers

Sister Chromatids: chromosome has 2 identical chromatids

Centromere: holds sister chromatids together, separates chromosomes in anaphase

Spindle fibers: fanlike microtubule, helps separate chromosomes

Remember: IPMAT

Long, ¾ of time

Prophase

• During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. The centrioles take positions in opposite sides of the cell and form the spindle.

BackProphase - Mitosis

Metaphase

• During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

• Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.

Back

Anaphase• During Anaphase, the

centromeres that joined the sister chromatids split becoming individual chromosomes.

Back

Telophase

• The chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell and a nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

• The process in which the cytoplasm separates, forming completely the two new daughter cells.

• It usually occurs about the same time as Telophase.

• This occurs different in plants and in animals.

Interphase Prophase Metaphase

Anaphase Telophase

Match word with definition

a) Mitosis

b) Cytokinesis

c) Chromatids

The second stage, division of the cytoplasm. ( )

The first stage, division of the cell nucleus ( )

One of the two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome. ( )

B

A

C

Match word with definitionUsually located in the middle of the chromatids ( )

Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions ( )

The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide ( )

First and longest phase of mitosis ( )

Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope ( )

Fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis ( )

A. Prophase

B. Spindle

C. Centromeres

D. Cell cycle

E. Centrioles

F. Interphase

C

F

D

A

E

B

Mini-TestMini-Test

How do you call the process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells?

a)a) Cell Fractioning b)b) Cell Division

What is the second stage in the cell cycle, where the cytoplasm divides?

a)a) Mitosis b)b) Cytokinesis

Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases, which are they?

a) G1Phase, Sphase, G2Phase,

cytokinesis

b)Prophase, metaphase, anaphase,

telophase

When are the chromosomes replicated, or “copied”?

a)a) Before cell division b)b) After cell division