Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building...

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Cells

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Transcript of Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building...

Page 1: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cells

Page 2: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Early Microscopes

• Robert Hooke– Looked at cork– Started calling the basic building block of life

“cell”s

• Anton vanLeeuwenhoek– Looked at living things under a microscope

Page 3: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

The Cell Theory

• All living things are made up of cells.• Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function in living things.• New cells are produced from existing cells.

Page 4: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Important Cell Terms

• Nucleus: Membrane-bound organelle that holds the genetic material in eukaryotes

• Organelle: “tiny organs”– Specialized structures inside cells

• Cytoplasm: fluid-like substance inside all cells

Page 5: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cell Types• Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes

Page 6: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Prokaryotes

• Small (0.1 μm – 10 μm)• Genetic material is not in a nucleus– DNA is in the cytoplasm

• Unicellular organisms (live alone)• Example: bacteria

Page 7: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Eukaryotes

• Larger than prokaryotes• Have nucleus and organelles• Can live alone (unicellular) or with other cells

(multicellular)• Two types: Plant and Animal

Page 8: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Plant/Animal Cell Organelle Name Function

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Page 9: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Animal Cell

Page 10: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Animal Cell Organelle Name Function

A Centriole

B Microtubules

C Lysosome

D Mitochondria

E Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

F Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth

ER)

G Ribosome

H Flagella

I Golgi Apparatus

J Nucleolus

K Nuclear Envelope

L Cytoplasm

M Cell Membrane

Page 11: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Centriole– Near nucleus– Help with cell

division

Page 12: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cell Parts

• Intermediate Filaments• Microtubules– Cell shape– Cell organization

• Microfilaments

Page 13: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Lysosome– Small, filled with

enzymes– Break down, or

digest, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins

– Get rid of old cell parts

Page 14: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Mitochondria– “power house” of the

cell– convert food into

useable energy

Page 15: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum– Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum• Synthesis of proteins (ribosomes

on the surface)

– Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum• Make enzymes that perform

special tasks (like making lipids and detoxification of drugs)

Page 16: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Ribsomes– Cellular “factory”– makes proteins

Page 17: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Flagella– Tail-like structure used for movement

• Cilia

Page 18: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Golgi apparatus– Modify, sort and

package proteins and other material from the ER

Page 19: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Nucleus– 3 parts:

• Nucleolus– Makes ribosomes

• Nuclear Envelope– Membrane around

the nucleus, contains nuclear pores

Page 20: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cell Parts

• Cytoplasm– Fluid-like substance

between the nuclear envelope (which surrounds the nucleus) and the cell membrane

– Organelles are found floating in the cytoplasm

Page 21: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cell Parts

• Cell membrane– In all cells– Barrier between outside

of cell and inside of cell– Regulates what enters

and leaves

Page 22: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Plant Cell

Page 23: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Plant Cell Organelle Name Function

A Cell Membrane

B Cytoplasm

C Nuclear Envelope

D Nucleolus

E Golgi Apparatus

F Vacuole

G Ribosome

H Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

I Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

J Mitochondria

K Chloroplast

L Microtubules

M Cell Wall

Page 24: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Cell Parts

• Cell wall– ONLY in PLANT cells– Outside of cell

membrane– Thick, rigid barrier to

protect cells

Page 25: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Chloroplasts– Capture sunlight

to make energy for the cell

– ONLY in PLANT cells

Page 26: Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

Organelles

• Vacuole– Storage of water,

salts, carbohydrates and proteins

– Large in plant cells– Found in some

prokaryotes and animal cells


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