Cell to Cell Communication Yasir Waheed. Present-day bacteria were present on Earth for about 2.5...

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Figure A simple intracellular signaling pathway activated by an extracellular signal molecule. The signal molecule binds to a receptor protein (which is usually embedded in the plasma membrane), thereby activating an intracellular signaling pathway that is mediated by a series of signaling proteins. Finally, one or more of these intracellular signaling proteins interacts with a target protein, altering the target protein so that it helps to change the behavior of the cell.