Cell Theory & Membranes
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Transcript of Cell Theory & Membranes
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The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
4. Cells contain the hereditary information which is passed from cell to “daughter” cell during cell division
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition
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The Cell Membrane: Gatekeeper of the Cell
How do the “approved” molecules get across the membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what molecules can and cannot go into the cell
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Getting Across the MembraneHow do approved molecules get across the membrane?
By transport!
There are two types:
1.Passive transport (requires no energy)
a) Simple diffusionb) Facilitated diffusion
2. Active transport (requires energy)
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DiffusionMovement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Movement continues until equilibrium is reached!Then there is no more NET movement of molecules.
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Simple Diffusion (type of passive transport)
Movement of molecules across a membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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Dialysis Bag Diffusion Experiment
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Osmosis
Osmosis is the simple diffusion of water molecules!
Water moves from High water concentration to Low water concentration.
SO, water moves from Low solute concentration to High solute concentration
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Hypertonic hyper = above
Hypotonic hypo = under
Isotonic iso = equal
When comparing the solute concentration between two solutions, you should use the following terms
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Hypertonicity
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Hypotonicity
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Isotonicity
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December 7, 2007
Bell-work:
You place a cell containing 0.5 grams of solutes in a solution containing 0.7 grams of solutes. The cell membrane is not permeable to the solutes.
1. The cell is __________ to its environment (hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic)
2. The environment is _______ to the cell. (hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic)
3. Will the solutes diffuse? If yes, in which direction (in/out)?
4. Will the water diffuse? If yes, in which direction (in/out)?
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Facilitated Diffusion (type of passive transport)
Special protein channels in the membrane allow for the transport of molecules into the cell from areas of high concentration to low concentration
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Active Transport
Movement of substances AGAINST the concentration gradient
From areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
REQUIRES ENERGY!
Two ways:
1. Protein Pumps
2. Carriers (vesicles)
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1. Protein Pumps
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2. VesiclesMembrane-bound organelles that carry products or wastes into, out of, or throughout the cell
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Endocytosissubstances are brought into the cell
Think of it as cellulareating and drinking!
Amoeba “eating” some bacteria
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Exocytosissubstances are released from the cell
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Endo- or Exo- cytosis Video
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Picture Overview
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Is it a Prokaryote or a Eukaryote?
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Plants
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Bacteria
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Protist
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Animals