Cell Structures and FunctionsEukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Cytoplasm Function : to hold...
Transcript of Cell Structures and FunctionsEukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Cytoplasm Function : to hold...
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Cell Structures and Functions
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Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. Cell Membrane
� Function: allows certain materials in and out of the cell.
� Nickname: “The Gate”
� Structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell
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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
2. Cytoplasm
� Function: to hold all organelles in place to allow them to carry out the life processes of the cell.
� Structure: gel-like material that is found inside the cell membrane and the outside of the nucleus.
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Section 7-2
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
3. Nucleus
� Nickname: “The Control Center”
� Function: holds the DNA
� Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
2. Nucleus Membrane: is a double membrane that surrounds to nucleus
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Ribosomes
� Function: makes proteins
� Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
� Nickname: “Roads”, “Conveyer belt”
� Function: To move materials from one part of the cell to another
� The ER extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
� 2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
� Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
� Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
2. Smooth ER:
� NO ribosomes
� Function: makes fats or lipids
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Golgi Apparatus
� Nickname: “The shippers” or “FedEx”
� Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
� Appearance: stack of pancakes
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
� Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
� Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
7. Mitochondria
� Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
� Structure: Bean shape and has two membranes
� Function: Energy formation
� Breaks down food to make ATP
� ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Centrioles
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
8. Centrioles
� Function: During animal cell division, the centrosome divides and the centrioles replicate (make new copies).
� Not in plant cells.
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
9. Vacuoles
� Function: Temporary storage of water, foods, pigments, waste or other materials.
� In plants:
� Bigger in plant cells than animal cells.
� This is what makes lettuce crisp
� When there is no water, the plant wilts
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� Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
10. Chloroplasts
� Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
� Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
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Chloroplasts
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Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
11. Cell Wall
� Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane
� Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
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Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
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Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Animal