Cell Structure and Organization 5.1 Cell theory and size.
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Transcript of Cell Structure and Organization 5.1 Cell theory and size.
Cell Structure and Organization
5.1 Cell theory and size
What is a cell? Smallest unit of living matter First discovered in 1700s with
microscope Cell theory
All organisms are made of cells Cells are the smallest unit of living
matter Cells come from pre-existing cells Cells are self-reproducing
Why are cells so small? Surface area Volume Ratio determines
ability of substances to enter cell Need high SA to vol.
ratio
Cell Structure and Organization
5.2 Prokaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic cell again? Pro = _______ Karyo = ________ Eu = ________ Prokaryotes include
Archeae Bacteria
What is inside a bacterial cell—1? No true organelles Cell envelope
Cell wall Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane Mesosomes
Where most metabolic activities occur Glycocalyx
Capsule
What is inside a bacterial cell—2? Cytoplasm
Nucleoid region Circular chromosome
anchored to _____ Plasmids
Ribosomes Inclusion bodies Thylakoids
(cyanobacteria) Appendages
Fimbriae Flagella Sex pili
What’s different inside an Archeae cell? More cell shape
diversity No peptidoglycan
in cell wall Other similar
molecules Most likely
ancestor for eukaryotes
Cell Structure and Organization
5.3 Eukaryotic cells
What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes? Eukaryotes
Nucleus True organelles
Membrane bound Compartmentalization
Keeps incompatible rxns separate Increases efficiency of rxns
Derived from prokaryotic ancestor Endosymbiotic hypothesis
What organelles are found in eukaryotes? Nucleus Mitochondria Endomembrane
system Lysosomes Peroxisomes
vesicles and vacuoles
Choloroplast (only in plant cells)
What other structures are found in eukaryotes? Ribosome Cytoskeleton Centriole Cilia and
flagella
What is the nucleus composed of? Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleoplasm Nuclear envelope Nucleotides Nuclear pore
What is the mitochondria composed of? Inner and outer
membrane Cristae Matrix
What are lysosome, peroxisomes ,veiscles and vacuoles? Lysosomses
recycling system Peroxisomes
Specialized Peroxides
Vesicles Membraneous sacs
Vacuoles Larger than vesicles
What is the endomembrane system?
Parts Nuclear
envelope ER Golgi vesicles
Secretory pathway hypothesis Describes
production, packaging and export of proteins
What are ribosomes? Protein synthesis Two sub-units Differ in ‘s’ value
collect, package, and distribute molecules synthesized at one location in the cell and utilized at another location
What kind of Cytoskeleton are present in the cell?
actin filaments intermediate filaments microtubules Functions:
cell shape cell movement transport of materials anchoring organelles
What are cilia and flagella? Cilia
Hairlike many
Flagella Whiplike One or two 9 + 2 pattern Functions: movement