Cell Structure and Function

SC.912.L.14.3 Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

What do I need to know?

How to compare and/or contrast the structures found in prokaryotic cells and in eukaryotic cells.

How to compare and/or contrast the structures found in plant cells and in animal cells.

Explain the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport.

Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells

All cells have three things in common: A cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They tend to be smaller and more simplistic.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They tend to be larger and more complex. Source: http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/125817436.png

Prokaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic Cells

Guiding Questions:

What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

What are the structures that make up the eukaryotic cell? What function do each of theses structures provide to the cell?

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

CentriolesChloroplastCell WallLarge Central Vacuole

EukaryoticNucleus

RibosomesMitochondria

Golgi ApparatusEndoplasmic

ReticulumCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Source::https://sites.google.com/site/tabraham4/plantvsanimalcell.jpg

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

1) Guiding Questions:

What structures do plant and animal cells have in common?

2) What structures differ between plant and animal cells?

The Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is a thin flexible layer that surrounds the cell, that is made up of a double layer of lipids and imbedded proteins.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable and functions to control what enters and leaves the cell.

Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_edit2.svg/2022px-cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_edit2.svg.png

The Cell Membrane

Guiding Questions:

1) What are the components that make up the cell membrane?

2) How do large and small molecules differ in their crossing of the cell membrane?

3) How do charged and uncharged molecules differ in their crossing of the cell membrane?

Cell TransportThere are two types of cellular transport: Active transport and Passive transport.

Active transport requires the input of cellular energy and moves particles from a low concentration (hypotonic solution) to a high concentration (hypertonic solution). Examples include protein pumps, endocytosis and exocytosis

Passive transport does not use cellular energy and moves particles from a high concentration (hypertonic solution) to a low concentration (hypotonic solution). Examples include diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion.

Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/ hbase/Biology/imgbio/actran2.gif

Cell Transport

Guiding Questions:1) How does passive transport and active transport differ in regards to energy usage and direction they move particle?2) What are different examples of passive transport and active transport?3) How do the different types of passive transport and active transport move molecules across the membrane?

Show What You Know There are some similarities between

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a. Lysosome

b. mitochondrion

c. nucleus

d. ribosome

Show What You Know

Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells:

a. Are much smaller.

b. Have a nuclei.

c. Have a higher rate of reproduction.

d. Have permeable membranes

Show What You Know

What structure is found in plant cells to give it structure and extra protection but is not found in animal cells?

a. Chloroplast

b. Mitochondria

c. Endoplasmic reticulum

d. Cell wall

Show What You Know

Scientists decide whether an organism is a plant or animal primarily based on?

a. How it obtains its food or energy.

b. How it is able to reproduce.

c. Whether it its mobile or not.

d. Whether it is multicellular or unicellular

Show What You Know

Which of the following are found in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

a. DNA

b. Nuclear membranes

c. None of these.

d. Cell walls.