Cell PP 2017 - Mr. Steckle's...
Transcript of Cell PP 2017 - Mr. Steckle's...
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CellsCELLULAR COMPONENTS
& PROCESES
ModernCellTheory
1. Alllivingorganismsarecomposedofoneormorecells.
2. Thecellisthebasicunitofstructureandorganizationinorganisms.
3. Cellsarisefrompre-existingcells.
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ExceptionstotheCellTheoryVIRUSES
Viruseslacktheabilitytogenerateenergyontheirown,andalsogeneratenowasteproducts,bothhallmarksoflivingorganisms.Virusesalsolacktheabilitytoreplicatewithoutfirstinvadingahostcell.
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ExceptionstotheCellTheoryMITOCHONDRIAand
CHLOROPLASTS
BothareorganelleswithinacellthatcontaintheirownDNAandcanreplicatewithinacellwithoutthecellactuallydividing.
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1. Prokaryotic-cellsthatDONOThaveanucleusThegeneticmaterialisfoundinthecytoplasm.Inaddition,thereareonlyafewcellORGANELLES
2. Eukaryotic-cellswithaNUCLEUSandcellORGANELLES.Geneticmaterialisfoundinthenucleus
TwoTypesofCells
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* Little“organs”ofthecell* Workforcellslikeorgansworkformorecomplexorganisms.* OrganellesarepresentinBOTHplantsandanimals* Carryoutcellularfunctions!
Organelles
* ThepartsofacellthatcarryoutafunctionarecalledcellORGANELLES:(Mini-Organs)* Allcellshavethefollowingorganelles:* CellMembrane* Cytoplasm* Ribosomes* Cytoskeleton
Organelles
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* Nucleus* Nucleolus* Mitochondria* GolgiBodyComplex* EndoplasmicReticulum* Vacuole* Lysosome* Centrioles(ANIMALONLY)PlantCellshavealloftheaboveand:* CellWall* Chloroplast
EukaryotesAlsoHave…
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* Cellularcontrolcenter* Controlscellularactivity* Containsgeneticmaterial(TightlycoiledDNAcalledchromosomes)* Selfduplicatingstructure-divideswhenthecelldivides
Nucleus
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* Roundorganelleinsidethenucleus* Involvedwiththesynthesisofribosomes
Nucleolus
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* Surroundsnucleusallowingcertainmaterialstoenterandleave.* AKAthenuclearenvelope
NuclearMembrane
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* Siteofproteinsynthesisinthecytoplasm* Maybefreefloatinginthecytoplasmorattachedtotheendoplasmicreticulum
Ribosomes
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* Cytoplasmicchannels(pathways)fromthenuclearmembranetothecellmembrane* Associatedwiththestorage,synthesis,andtransportofmaterialswithinthecell
EndoplasmicReticulum(ER)
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* Jelly-likematerialbetweenthecellmembraneandthenucleus* Over80%water* “HOLDS”cellorganellesinplace* Citeofmostorganellesandcellularchemicalreactions
Cytoplasm
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* Asmallcavityinthecytoplasmofacell,boundbyasinglemembraneandcontainingwater,food,ormetabolicwaste.* **Vacuolesarecrucialinsingle-celledorganismsTwoTypes:* Foodvacuole-store&digestingestedfood* Contractilevacuole-pumpsexcesswaterfromcellsmaintaininghomeostasis
Vacuole
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* Alargecavityfoundinplantcellsprimarilyforwaterstorage
CentralVacuole
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* Pouchcontainingdigestiveenzymes* Digestbacteriaandsomefoodsenteringthecell* Breaksdowncomplexmoleculesintosimplermolecules* Breakdownwornoutcellorganelles
Lysosome
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* "Powerhouseofthecell"* Carriesoncellularrespiration(containsrespiratoryenzymesthatmakeATP-energymolecule)* ContainsDNA--isselfduplicating--divideswhenthecelldivides* Foundingreater#sinactivecells
Mitochondria
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* Usuallylocatednearthenucleus* Synthesizes,packages,andsecretescellularproducts* Packageswaste&harmfulmaterials
GolgiApparatus(Complex)
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* ThecellmembraneisSEMI-PERMEABLE* selectivelyregulatestheflowofmaterialstoandfromthecell--thusmaintainingchemicalhomeostasiswithinthecell* ThemembraneactslikeaBOUNCERonlyallowingcertainthingsinandoutofthecell* Itismadeupofalipidbilayer* doublelayerofFAT-"Fatsandwich"* transportthroughtheplasmamembranelikelyoccursthroughtheseglobularproteins(Fluidmosaicmodel)
Plasma(CELL)Membrane
* Hydrophilic-attractswater* Hydrophobic-repelswater* Whyisitimportantthatthecellmembraneismadeupofsmallphospholipids?
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* Centriole-acylindricalstructurefoundinthecytoplasmwhichappearstofunctionduringthedivisionofcertainanimalcells(usuallynearthenucleus)* Helpsanimalcellsdivide
OrganellesFoundONLYinAnimals
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* CellWall-anonlivingstructurewhichsurroundsandsupportsthecell-composedmostlyofcellulose* Givestheplantcellstructure&support* Chloroplasts-greenincolor-doublemembrane-containthegreenpigmentchlorophyllwhichcarriesonphotosynthesis* Has DNA & is self replicating like the
mitochondrion
OrganellesfoundONLYinPlants
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