Cell Organelles - Ms Houghton's Science Site Bio Unit/1Cell Organelles.pdfHas its own strand of DNA...
Transcript of Cell Organelles - Ms Houghton's Science Site Bio Unit/1Cell Organelles.pdfHas its own strand of DNA...
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Cell Organelles
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Learning Goals
I can use biology terminology and list and
explain the parts of the cell.
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Cell Theory
All living organisms are made of one or
more cells.
The cell is the basic organizational unit of
life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Why study cells? Didn’t we learn enough
in grade 8?
Most diseases/disorders can be explained
at the cell level
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2 Basic Types of Cells
Prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells)
Cells that DO NOT have a nucleus
Examples: bacteria
Eukaryotes (eukaryotic cells)
Cells that DO have a nucleus and other
organelles
Examples: plant cells and animal cells
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Cell Organelles
Organelle= “little organ”
Cytoplasm: gel like substance that fills cellular space
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Cell Membrane
Boundary of the cell, protects cell
Allows certain things to enter and exit cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
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Nucleus
Control center of the
cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a
double membrane
Usually the easiest
organelle to see under
a microscope
Usually one per cell
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Cytoskeleton
Acts as skeleton and
muscle
Provides shape and
structure
Helps move
organelles around the
cell
Made of three types of
filaments
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Endoplasmic
Reticulum A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear membrane
Highway of the cell
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins
Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids
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Ribosome
Site of protein
synthesis (making)
Found attached to
rough ER or floating
free in cytosol
Produced in a part of
the nucleus called the
nucleolus Wait…what is a polypeptide?
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Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of
plates
Stores, modifies and
packages proteins
Molecules transported
to and from the Golgi
by means of vesicles
Also called golgi
complex or golgi body
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Lysosomes
Garbage disposal
of the cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that
break down
wastes
Which organelles do
lysosomes work with?
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Mitochondria
“Powerhouse of the cell”
Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
Bound by a double membrane
Has its own strand of DNA
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Chloroplast
Found only in plant
cells
Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose)
production
Bound by a double
membrane
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Cell Wall
Found in plant and
bacterial cells
Rigid, protective
barrier
Helps cell maintain its
shape
Located outside of the
cell membrane
Made of cellulose
(fiber)
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Vacuoles
Large central vacuole
usually in plant cells
Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
Storage container for
water, food, enzymes,
wastes, pigments, etc.
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Centriole
Aids in cell division
Usually found only in
animal cells
Made of microtubules
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Quick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
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Success Criteria
I can list and describe the part of the cell
(animal and plant)
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HW/Seatwork
Cell diagram using p. 12-13 in your text.
“The Cell” worksheet using p. 11-14 in your
text.