Cell Membranes Osmosis and Diffusion...Cell Membranes Osmosis and Diffusion This Powerpoint is...
Transcript of Cell Membranes Osmosis and Diffusion...Cell Membranes Osmosis and Diffusion This Powerpoint is...
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Cell Membranes
Osmosis and Diffusion
This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.com
Please visit for 100’s more free powerpoints
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Functions of Membranes
1. Protect cell
2. Control incoming and outgoing substances
3. Maintain ion concentrations of various substances
4. Selectively permeable - allows some molecules in, others are kept out
5. ALL THIS MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS (internal balance)
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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Fluid Mosaic Model
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Methods of Transport Across
Membranes
1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion
4. Active Transport
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Proteins
Membrane
movement
animation
Polar heads
love water
& dissolve.
Non-polar
tails hide
from water.
Carbohydrate cell
markers
Fluid Mosaic
Model of the
cell membrane
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Types of Cellular Transport
• Passive Transport
cell doesn’t use energy
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
• Active Transport
cell does use energy
1. Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
high
low
This is
gonna
be hard
work!!
high
low
Weeee!!
!
•Animations of Active
Transport & Passive
Transport
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Diffusion
• Movement of molecules from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
• Movement from one side of a membrane
to another, un-facilitated
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Diffusion
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Passive Transport:
Diffusion
Diffusion: random movement of
particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration.
(High to Low)
• Diffusion continues until all
molecules are evenly spaced
(equilibrium is reached)-Note:
molecules will still move around but
stay spread out.http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm
Simple Diffusion
Animation
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• Osmosis: diffusion of
water through a
selectively permeable
membrane
• Water moves from high to
low concentrations•Water moves freely
through pores.
•Solute (green) too
large to move across.
Osmosis
animation
Passive Transport:
Osmosis
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Osmosis
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Tonicity is a relative term
• Hypotonic Solution - One solution has a
lower concentration of solute than
another.
• Hypertonic Solution - one solution has a
higher concentration of solute than
another.
• Isotonic Solution - both solutions have
same concentrations of solute.
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Plant and Animal Cells put into
various solutions
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Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of
solutes and a higher concentration of water than
inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the
cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!
• Osmosis Animations for isotonic,
hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions
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Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration
of solutes and a lower concentration of water than
inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)
Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the
solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!
• Osmosis Animations for isotonic,
hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions
shrinks
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Isotonic Solution
Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution
is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
Result: Water moves equally in both directions and
the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)
• Osmosis Animations for isotonic,
hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions
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Types of Transport
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Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane
a. Transport Proteins are specific – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane
b.Transports larger or charged molecules
Facilitated
diffusion
(Channel
Protein)
Diffusion
(Lipid
Bilayer)
Passive Transport:
Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier Protein
A B
• http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm
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High Concentration
Low Concentration
Cell Membrane
Glucosemolecules
Proteinchannel
Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion
Go to
Section:
Transport
ProteinThrough a
Cellular Transport From a-High
Low
• Channel Proteins
animations
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Types of Active Transport
• Endocytosis: taking bulky
material into a cell
• Uses energy
• Cell membrane in-folds
around food particle
• “cell eating”
• forms food vacuole &
digests food
• This is how white blood
cells eat bacteria!
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Types of Active Transport
Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell in bulk
• membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane
• Cell changes shape –requires energy
• EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell