STUDIES ON LIVING PROTOPLASM - The Journal of Experimental Biology
Cell membrane Separates cell protoplasm from non-living environment Allows nutrients to enter Allows...
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Transcript of Cell membrane Separates cell protoplasm from non-living environment Allows nutrients to enter Allows...
Cell membrane
Separates cell protoplasm from non-living environment
Allows nutrients to enter Allows waste and other materials to exit
Structure Phospholipid bilayer
2 layers of phospholipids Hydrophilic (water loving) heads on the
outside Hydrophobic (water hating) tails on
inside
*small uncharged lipids can pass right through*
Glycoprotein molecules
Proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer
Most glycoproteins carry a special sugar molecule
These sugar molecules vary between species, and between individuals within a species
This accounts for different blood types and rejection of donor organs by recipients
Glycoproteins function as entry and exit points for materials (they transport materials actively)
Glycoproteins also act as receptor sites for hormones
Glycolipids
Specialized sugar attached to lipid Function may be known but we don't know it
yet!
Passive transport
Movement of materials across the cell membrane without expending energy
Movement occurs with the concentration gradient
Diffusion
Movement of particles from high to low Can occur across membranes The kinetic molecular theory (KMT) states that
molecules move and collide (in cells this is called Brownian motion)
This causes molecules concentrated in one area to spread out, until they are evenly distributed (equilibrium)
In equilibrium there is no net movement either way but the system is dynamic not static
Rate of diffusion...
Can be increased by increasing.... the concentration of the solute the temperature the pressure (ex. Blood pressure) Membrane permeability Size of molecule *decreasing size = faster* Molecule solubility
Research on your own…
Use the internet to help you define the following words:
Crenation and plasmolysis
Have your definitions for next class!