cell (letter-number) Column (letters) Row (numbers) workbook = collection of worksheets.
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Transcript of cell (letter-number) Column (letters) Row (numbers) workbook = collection of worksheets.
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Spreadsheets17 February 2011
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Basic StructureSpreadsheet (Worksheet)
cell (letter-number)
Column (letters)
Row (numbers)
workbook = collection of worksheets
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What Can Be In a Cell
Label – identification for people Constant – any format
› Text, number, picture, hyperlink, …› Value for computer› Format for people
Formula – uses cells & constants› Always begin with =
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Simplest Formula
=cell Why do you use it? Fundamental Principle:
› Never have to change anything in two places
› Sound familiar? Copy-paste
› Fine if you really want a snapshot
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Formulas Referencing Cells
Once you define the formula› Can change the values as often as you like› Automatically re-computes
Treats cells as variables› Defined by location, not value› Each cell constant or another formula
Example› Pay = hourly rate * hours worked
Values can change Formula remains the same
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Formulas Using Constants
Use constants when they will not change
Values that won’t change:› Computing the area of a circle
Π r2
› Computing the area of a triangle ½ base*height
What about…› Minutes in an hour› Days in the year
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Formulas Operations
› Simple math operators› Functions
Values› Constants› Cell selection
Typing Selecting
Cells must have appropriate values› e.g., not text for math function
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Exercise
Want to compute 250x²-10y²
√ 100 (5x-y)for any x and y
_______
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Data Types
Numbers Dates Boolean (true or false) Strings [error values]
Single values Arrays Tables
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Some Commonly Used Functions
Statistical and mathematical› sum, average› minimum, maximum › floor, ceiling, round
Selective› counts› if
Formatting
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Copying formulas Want the same information for different data
› Example: min, max, avg grades for each assignment
Can use copy or fill Copying a formula moves it relatively
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What if I Want the SAME Place
Absolute positioning› Can lock the cell, column or row
Cell: $A$1 Column: $A1 Row: A$1
› To change a reference to absolute Insert $ Use F4
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Exercise
Start withA1 hourly rateB2:B8 dateC2:C8 hours worked
You are to add D2:D8 day’s pay
Only want to type the formula ONCE
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Using Multiple Worksheets
Why?› Separate input data› Presentation› Summarization› Versions
How to reference between› Sheet!Cell
To go between workbooks› ‘[workbook]worksheet’!cell
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Exercise
From prior exerciseMove hourly rate to another sheet
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Why Multiple Sheets?
General structure› Data on one page› Computations on another
Easy to change the data
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Referencing Multiple Cells
Continuous cells (RANGE)› Colon (:)› Drag cursor
Combining (UNION)› Comma (,)
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Naming sections
Under Formulas tab,› Name Manager: Define Name
Some default options› If the row or column has a label, will use it
Can collect non-adjacent Absolute addresses
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What else can you Name?
Constants Single Cells Formulas
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Why name?
Human readability Convenience if the section size
changes
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Operator Precedence
Symbol Operator Order of Precedence
Colon (:) Range 1st
A space Intersection 2nd
Comma (,) Union 3rd
- Negation 4th
% Percent 5th
^ Exponentiation 6th
* and / Multiplication and division 7th
+ and - Addition and subtraction 8th
& Text concatenation 9th
=, <, >, <=, >=, and <> Comparison 10th
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Built-in Functions
Lots of them! Explore! Wizards
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Complex Computations
Option 1› Separate entries and hide fields › Hide columns or use separate
spreadsheets Option 2
› Build them up in pieces› Use parentheses if you can’t remember
precedence Option1, followed by option 2