Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

17
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation By: Paige Sirois, Kirsten McDonald, Will Beauvais and Rachel Fahey

description

 

Transcript of Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Page 1: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

By: Paige Sirois, Kirsten McDonald, Will Beauvais and Rachel Fahey

Page 2: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

The Cell The structural, functional & biological unit of all organisms, the unit of life in the case of all

organisms.

Page 3: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Discovery of the CellThe first cell was discovered by a man by the name of Robert

Hooke in 1665. Robert Hooke was the first person to observe cells. He observed

the dead cork cells under a simple microscope, and seeing the compartment like structure, he named the different “compartments” as cells. Thus originated the term “cell”, and it is used till today.

What he did was look at a cork under a microscope. He claimed that it looked there was small rooms which look like what monks would live in.

When Hooke looked under a microscope there was no indication of the nucleus and other organelles.

The first man who actually saw a live cell under a microscope was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, in 1674. He saw bacteria and algae. 

Page 4: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation
Page 5: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Cell Facts!All Living Things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function of all living things Cells are produced from other cells Cells do everything from providing structure

and stability, to helping provide energy and means of reproduction

There are 75 to 100 trillion cells in your body 

Page 6: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory is one of the basic principles of

biology. The credit for the formulation of this

theory is given to German scientists Theodor

Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, and Rudolph

Virchow. The theory that cells form the

fundamental, structural and functional units

of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by

Matthias  Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.

Page 7: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

The Cell Theory States…All living organisms are composed of cells. They

may be unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing cells. The modern version of the Cell Theory includes

the ideas that: Energy flow occurs within cells. Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from

cell to cell. All cells have the same basic chemical

composition.

Page 8: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

1st Part of Cell Theory Cell is the basic structural unit of lifeThis statement implies that all living organisms, big or

small, are made up of cells. Cell is the fundamental unit of all living organisms. Animals and plants, bacteria and fungi, algae and other such organisms, all are made of up either one or more (millions) of cells. If any organism is observed under a microscope, it is observed that it is made up of tiny block like structures which may have any shape. These are cells. Thus, we can say that sell is the basic structural unit of life. This is an image of a slice of cork cells as was seen by Robert Hook. It shows that the cork is composed of hundreds of cells packed together.

Page 10: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

2nd Part of Cell TheoryCell is the basic functional unit of lifeThe organisms are composed of one (in case of unicellular

organisms), thousands (small organisms) or millions (big animals and plants) of cells. All these cells perform essential life processes that are vital to the running of life systems in the organism, which are vital for the existence of an organism. A cell performs all the necessary functions for life, for example, the process of production of energy from food takes place in cells of animals, the process of making of starch from CO2, water and sunlight is done inside all chlorophyll (a pigment) containing cells of plants, etc.

Thus, all life processes of an organism are performed by individual cells, and due to the combined working of all the cells, a process or an action is performed. Thus it is clear that cell is the basic functional unit of life in a cell. 

Page 11: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Cell Division

Page 12: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

3rd Part of Cell Theory  Cell is the basic functional unit of lifeThe organisms are composed of one (in case of unicellular

organisms), thousands (small organisms) or millions (big animals and plants) of cells. All these cells perform essential life processes that are vital to the running of life systems in the organism, which are vital for the existence of an organism. A cell performs all the necessary functions for life, for example, the process of production of energy from food takes place in cells of animals, the process of making of starch from CO2, water and sunlight is done inside all chlorophyll (a pigment) containing cells of plants, etc.

Thus, all life processes of an organism are performed by individual cells, and due to the combined working of all the cells, a process or an action is performed. Thus it is clear that cell is the basic functional unit of life in a cell.

Page 13: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation
Page 14: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Cellular Differentiation The normal process by which a less specialized

cell develops, or matures into a more distinct form or function

Page 15: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Cellular Differentiation Cont…Example: Single-celled zygote develops into a multicellular

embryo that further develops into a more complex multisystem of distinct cell types of a fetus. The cell size, shape, polarity, metabolism and responsiveness to signals change dramatically such that a less specialized cell becomes more specialized and acquires a more specific role.

Page 16: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

Cellular Differentiation DefinitionsZygote: A call diploid state following fertilization or the

union of a haploid male sex cell and a haploid female sex cell.

Diploid: A cell or organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes.

Polarity: Used to describe cells with one or more axes of symmetry.

 Metabolism: Process involving a set of chemical reactions

that modifies a molecule into another for storage, or immediate use in another reaction or as a by product.

Page 17: Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation

THE END