Cell Growth and Reproduction. Cell Size Limitations How does a cell receive materials and expel its...
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![Page 1: Cell Growth and Reproduction. Cell Size Limitations How does a cell receive materials and expel its wastes? Through the plasma membrane This means that.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649ce45503460f949b0345/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Growth and Reproduction
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Cell Size Limitations
How does a cell receive materials and expel its wastes?
Through the plasma membrane This means that no part of the cell
can be too far away Mitochondria of a cell 20 cm wide
would have to wait months
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Surface Area to Volume Ratio The more volume = more
cytoplasm = more energy requirements Volume increases much
greater than surface area If a cell a cell were to double;
it would require 8X as much nutrients
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![Page 5: Cell Growth and Reproduction. Cell Size Limitations How does a cell receive materials and expel its wastes? Through the plasma membrane This means that.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649ce45503460f949b0345/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell Reproduction
Recall cell theory One cell becomes two Chromosomes – structures
which contain DNA and are carriers of genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation
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Cell Reproduction cont…
Most of time as chromatin Chromatin – long strands of
DNA wrapped around proteins Condenses before cell division Cell division follows a pattern
or cycle
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Chromosomes
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The Cell Cycle
Events that occur in the life of a cell
Includes 3 major stages: Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
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![Page 10: Cell Growth and Reproduction. Cell Size Limitations How does a cell receive materials and expel its wastes? Through the plasma membrane This means that.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649ce45503460f949b0345/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Interphase
Most of the cell cycle is in what stage?
3 parts G1- rapid growth and metabolic
activity S – DNA synthesis and replication G2 – Cell prepares for division
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Mitosis
Cells undergo division when they get to a certain size
Continuous process Stages are named for ease of
identification
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Steps of Mitosis
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
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Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Two halves called sister chromatids are held together by contromere
Nucleus disentegrates Centrioles go to poles Spindle forms
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Prophase
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Metaphase
Chromosomes pulled by spindle fibers at the centromeres
Sister chromatids lined up in the middle
Single file
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Metaphase
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Anaphase
Centromeres split Sister chromatids pulled apart
by spindle fibers Pulled to opposite sides
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Anaphase
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Telophase
Chromatids reach opposite poles
Chromosomes unwind Spindle breaks down Nuclear membrane and
nucleolus reappear
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Telophase
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Cytokinesis
Dividing the cytoplasm between the two new daughter cells
Cleavage furrow in animal cells
Cell plate in plant cells
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Cytokinesis in Animals
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Cytokinesis in Plants
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Mitosis in Onion Cell
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Mitosis in Whitefish
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In mitosis, the two double copies of the DNA attached to the spindle fibers are known as __________. a. centromeres b. chromatids c. centrioles d. nucleoli
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![Page 30: Cell Growth and Reproduction. Cell Size Limitations How does a cell receive materials and expel its wastes? Through the plasma membrane This means that.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649ce45503460f949b0345/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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During which phase do most cells spend the most time?
a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. interphase
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If a cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in the daughter cells?
a. 5 b. 20 c. 10 d. 30
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List the stages of the Cell Cycle in order
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Name one stage of Interphase