Cell Division Section 8.2. All cells are derived from the division of pre-existing cells Cell...
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Transcript of Cell Division Section 8.2. All cells are derived from the division of pre-existing cells Cell...
![Page 1: Cell Division Section 8.2. All cells are derived from the division of pre-existing cells Cell division is the process by which cells produce offspring.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e355503460f94b239c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Division
Section 8.2
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All cells are derived from the division of pre-existing cells
Cell division is the process by which cells produce offspring cells
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Cell division in Prokaryotes
Binary fission- the division of a prokaryotic cell into 2 offspring cells
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Cell division in Eukaryotes
Mitosis- results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to that of the original cell
Meiosis- reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells
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The cell cycle
The repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell
Interphase- the time between cell divisions
M phase- mitosis
Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm of the cell
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Interphase
G1 phase-offspring cells grow to mature size
S phase- the cell’s DNA is copied
G2 phase- the time gap following the S phase and preceding cell division
G0 phase- cells do not copy their DNA and don’t prepare for cell division
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Mitosis
Divided into 4 phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
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Prophase
First phase of mitosis
Centrosomes- appear next to the disappearing nucleus
Centrioles- found in animal cells
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Spindle fibers- made of microtubles radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for mitosis
Mitotic spindle- equally divides the chromatids between the 2 offspring cells
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Kinetochore fibers- attach to kinetochore
Kinetochore- disk-shaped protein
Polar fibers- extend across the dividing cell from centrosome to centrosome
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Metaphase
Second phase of mitosis
The kinetochore fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the dividing cell
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Anaphase
Third stage of mitosis
Chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centomere
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Telophase
Fourth stage of mitosis
Spindle fibers disassemble
Chromosomes return to a less tightly coiled chromatin state
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Cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow- pinches the cell into 2 cells (animal cells)
Cell plate- membrane-bound cell wall (plant cells)
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