Cell Division. Mitosis – Occurs in BODY cells only!! Every cell must first copy its genetic...
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Transcript of Cell Division. Mitosis – Occurs in BODY cells only!! Every cell must first copy its genetic...
Cell Division
Cell Division
• Mitosis – Occurs in BODY cells only!!
• Every cell must first copy its genetic information before cell division begins.
• ***Each daughter cell then gets an exact, complete copy of that information from the parent cell***
The Cell Cycle• Series of events
that cells go through as they grow and divide
• The “parent” cell grows, divides, and forms two “daughter” cells that each begin the cycle again
G2 phase
S phase
G1 phase
includes
is divided into is divided into
Cell Cycle
M phase (Mitosis)
Interphase
G1 phase S phase ProphaseG2 phase Metaphase TelophaseAnaphase
The Cell Cycle
Events of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase – time when cell isn’t dividing – can be long. Made up of 3 phases:– G1 – cells grow and create new proteins and
organelles– S – chromosomes replicated and make DNA– G2 – shortest of the three phases and
organelles required for cell division made– (Interphase is NOT part of Mitosis!)
Interphase
M-Phase: Mitosis
• Takes place quicker than Interphase, Occurs in somatic (body) cells only. Mitosis has four phases:– Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase– Telophase
Prophase
• 1st and longest phase – chromosomes become visible. The centrioles separate and send spindles (tube-like structures) out to attach to chromosomes. Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Prophase
Metaphase
• 2nd and pretty short phase – chromosomes line up at center of cell
Metaphase
Anaphase
• 3rd phase – chromosomes separate and become individual chromosomes. They move to the poles of the spindle.
Anaphase
Telophase
• 4th phase – chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material. Nuclear membrane re-forms around chromosomes and spindle breaks down.
Telophase
Cytokinesis
• At the end of Telophase, two nuclei are within cytoplasm of one cell. Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm and occurs at the same time as Telophase
• Cytoplasm pinched in two to create ***two daughter cells genetically identical to one another***
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Summary of Mitosis
• Occurs in body cells
• Makes 2 genetically identical cells with the same amount of chromosomes as parent cells
• PMAT – four stages of mitosis