Cell Division Meiosis Relationship Between Meiosis and Genetics Meiosis results in egg (females) and...
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Transcript of Cell Division Meiosis Relationship Between Meiosis and Genetics Meiosis results in egg (females) and...
![Page 1: Cell Division Meiosis Relationship Between Meiosis and Genetics Meiosis results in egg (females) and sperm (males) cells. When egg and sperm combine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649e745503460f94b74fe1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Division
Meiosis
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Relationship Between Meiosis and Genetics
• Meiosis results in egg (females) and sperm (males) cells.
• When egg and sperm combine a new human is formed.
• The egg carries the genes from mom and the sperm carries the genes from dad
• You are a combination of genes from your mom and your dad!
• Your eye color, hair color etc. all depends on which egg cell and sperm cells combine!
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Let Us Review Mitosis
• Cellular division involving replication and division of chromosomes (DNA).
• New cell contains complete set of chromosomes. (Two copies of genetic info.)
• Results in DIPLOID cells (chromosomes occur in pairs)
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Diploid Cells
• Chromosomes after replication (ready for mitosis)
• Chromosomes in early interphase (actually chromatin)
Both are Diploid
Homologous Pairs
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Diploid Cells cont.
• All body cells are diploid.
• Sex cells: egg and sperm are the only haploid cells
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Sex Cells
• Germ Cells
– Also know as Sex Cells
• Only contain one copy of genetic information
• Have one chromosome of each pair or half that of diploid cells.
• Haploid (N) state.
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Why is Haploid Important?
• If diploid cells are fertilized…
+
Chromosome will keep doubling!!
2N + 2N 4N
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Why is Haploid Important?
• If haploid cells are fertilized…
+
Like all cells of the body!!
N + N 2N
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Sexual Reproduction
• Reproductive process in which haploid sex cells (gametes) fuse to produce a diploid fertilized egg (zygote)
+
EGG SPERM Fertilized Egg
GAMETES
(ZYGOTE)
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# of Chromosomes
Total Chromosomes
in a diploid cell
# of homologous
pairs in a diploid cell
Total chromosomes
in haploid cell
HUMAN 46CAT 36
23 23
1818
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MEIOSIS
• Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in half
• Occurs in sex cells (germ cells: Egg and Sperm)
• Two Divisions– MEIOSIS I
– MEIOSIS II
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
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Prophase I
• Chromosomes form• Nuclear membrane and
nucleolus disappear• Synapsis – homologous
chromosomes pair up• Crossing Over –
exchange of DNA creating genetic variability
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Metaphase I
• Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator
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Anaphase I / Telophase I
ANAPHASE I:
• Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
• Cells are still diploid
TELOPHASE I:
• Cell membrane pinches in
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Interphase????
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Prophase II
• Cells are haploid.
• Cells get ready to divide again.
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Metaphase II
• Chromosomes align at the equator
• Looks like mitosis
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Anaphase II / Telophase II
ANAPHASE II:
• Sister chromatids move to opposite poles
TELOPHASE II:• Cell membrane pinches in
• Nuclear membrane reappears.
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Resulting Sex Cells
• Four HAPLOID sex cells are produced.
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MEIOSIS
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Homework • FlipbookWhite Ninja is a terrible babysitter