Cell Communication A.P. Biology Ch. 11. Goals & Objectives Describe in writing important...
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Transcript of Cell Communication A.P. Biology Ch. 11. Goals & Objectives Describe in writing important...
![Page 1: Cell Communication A.P. Biology Ch. 11. Goals & Objectives Describe in writing important communication pathways for a cell Describe in writing how each.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649f425503460f94c61e2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Communication
A.P. Biology Ch. 11
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Goals & Objectives• Describe in writing important communication
pathways for a cell• Describe in writing how each pathway works
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Big Idea• How do you get a message from outside the
cell to inside?– Cell growth, cell division– Nerve cells
• Chemical messages are communicated by changing the shape of certain molecules– Change shape, trigger a response– “On/Off” switch
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Local vs. Long Distance “Calling”
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How Cell Communication Works
• Telephone Analogy
Caller (your friend)
Phone Tower/Switchboard
Parent
YouCaller = Ligand (chemical signal)
Phone Tower/Switchboard = Receptor protein in cell membrane (outside cell)
Parent = Membrane bound protein (inside cell)
You = Desired cell response
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3 Phases in Cell Communication
(ligand)
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Using a Chemical Signal• Ligand docks with receptor protein in
membrane, causes shape change– Often caused by phosphorylation– Returns to original shape when ligand detaches
• Change in receptor protein causes a chain reaction of shape changes in other proteins– Signal Cascade– More phosphorylation (ATP ADP + P)– Signal can be “amplified;” (think spam e-mail)
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Example of a Signal Cascade
**Notice that the addition of a phosphate causes shape change in protein kinase
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3 Types of Cell Communication • G protein
– Single communication within membrane
• Tyrosine kinase– Many signals (amplification)
• Ion Channels– Allows flow of ions into/out of cells
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G Protein• Uses GTP
(similar to ATP)
• Completely membrane bound
• Examples:– Hormones– Neurotransmitt
ers– Epinephrine
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Tyrosine Kinase• Combining of two
proteins, can phosphorylate 6 ATP at a time
• Massive phosphorylation causes multiple responses
• Cell growth/division
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Ion Channel• Ligand causes protein
channel to open/close
• Ion flow causes cell response
• Nerve impulse/Nervous system
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Apoptosis• Programmed cell death (suicide)
• Triggered many different ways– Mitochondrial chemicals/molecules– Nuclear chemicals/DNA damage
• Necessary for development of an organism– Development of limbs– Get rid of cells that are harmful