Cell Biology Lecture 3
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Transcript of Cell Biology Lecture 3
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Advanced Cell Biology
2014 1nd Semester
Department of Animal Science
Chungbuk National University
4nd Lecture
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1st week : Introduction
3rd week :Research Strategies For Cell Biology
5nd week : Nucleus, Transcription and Splicing
7nd week : Membrane and Channel
9nd week : Membrane Trafficking
11nd week : Cell Signaling
13nd week : Cytoskeleton
15nd week : Cell Cycle
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Membrane
- Barrier between each cell and its environment
- Partition of the cytoplasm into compartments
* Nucleus* organelles
- All biological membranes have much in common
• Fluid bilayer of lipid molecules• Integral membrane proteins• Pheripheral membrane proteins
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Development of Ideas about Membrane Structure
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“ Fluid Mosaic Model” of biological Membrane
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Lipids : Framework of biological membrane
Hydrophilic (Water lovers )
Hydrophobic (Water haters)
Phosphoglycerides
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• Main lipid constitutes of membranes• Glycerol + two fatty acids + phosphoric acids + alchohol
• Depend on alcohols esterified to the phosphates
- Phosphatidic acid [PA]
- Phosphatidylglycerol [PG]
- Phosphatidiylethanolamine [PE]
- Phosphatidylcholine [PC]
- Phosphatidylserine [PS]
- Phophatidylinositol [PI]
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Sphingolipid : N-containing charge head
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Cholresterol is the essential component of biological membrane
Cholresterol give ‘rigidity’ in membrane, therefore help to maintain integrity
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Lipid rafts
Sphingolipids and cholestrol form small islands (50nm)Involved in signalings
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Integral Membrane Proteins
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Transmembrane segment
- Mostly alpha-Helix- Hydrophobics
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Hydrophaty Plots
Plot based on the hydrophobility of amino acids in a protein
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C-terminal isoprenoid
N-terminal myristoyl tail
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Membrane Potential (Ion-gradient as energy)
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Pump : enzymes that utilize energy from ATP or light or other sources to movie ions and other solutes across membranes
- Formation of gradients expense of chemical energy- Convert chemical energy to electric energy
Carrier : enzyme-like proteins provide passive pathway for solute to move across membranes
- From higher concentration and lower concentration- Carriers uses ion gradient as a source of energy
Channel : ion-specific pores which can open and close transiently
- Channel open : ion passes quickly across membrane- Channel close : stop- Movement of ions through channel is basis of control of electric potential across mebrane
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Light-driven Proton Pump : Bacteriorodopsin
Convert Light energy as chemical energy (Formation of proton gradients)
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Mitocondrial F1 ATPase (ATP Synthase)
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P-Type Cation Pumps : Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1)
Ca2+ acts as important second messenger in cells
Therefore, Ca2+ concentrations should be
Pumps Ca2+ out of cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum
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Carrier : enzyme-like proteins provide passive pathway for solute to move across membranes
- From higher concentration and lower concentration- Carriers uses ion gradient as a source of energy
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- Uniproters
GLUT carrier for glucose
- Antiporters
Driving ion moves in one direction, then drive substrate in the others
- Symporters
ion and substrates goes to the same directions
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Channels
Channel : integral membrane proteins with transmembrane pores that allow particular ions or small molecules
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Selectivity filter of Ion Channel
Potassium (K+) channel should allow pass-through of Potassium, but Sodium
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Voltage-gated K+ Channel
- voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels produce action potentials in excitable cells
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Nature 2013EM reconstitution of TRPV1
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Ion Channel Gated by Extracellular Ligands
Glutamate Receptor
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Aquaporin (Water Channel)
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Xenopus oocyte injected by Aquaporin cRNA
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Cooperation of Channel, Pump and Carrier in Cell
1. Chemical Energy from ATP was converted as concentration gradients of C+
2. Carrier uses electrochemical gradient of C+ to drive transport C+ and S
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Epithelial Transport
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