SECOND EDITIO N

CELL BIOLOGYTHOMAS D. POLLARD

WILLIAM C . EARNSHAW,

SECTION I

SECTION I VIntroduction to Cell Biology

Chromatin, Chromosomes, and th eCell Nucleus

CHAPTER 1Introduction to Cells - 3

CHAPTER 1 2Chromosome Organization - 19 3

CHAPTER 2Evolution of Life on Earth - 17

CHAPTER 1 3DNA Packaging in Chromatin andChromosomes - 20 9

SECTION I IChemical and Physical Background

CHAPTER 1 4Nuclear Structure and Dynamics - 23 1

CHAPTER 3Molecules: Structures and Dynamics - 33

SECTION VCHAPTER 4

Central Dogma : From Gene to Protei nBiophysical Principles - 57

CHAPTER 1 5CH APT ER 5

Gene Expression - 253

Macromolecular Assembly - 69

• THIS CHAPTER WAS WRITTEN BY JEFFREY L . CORDE N

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 1 6Research Strategies - 85

Eukaryotic RNA Processing - 279• THIS CHAPTER WAS WRITTEN BY DAVID TOLLERVE Y

SECTION III

CHAPTER 1 7

Membrane Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis and Folding - 29 7

CHAPTER 7Membrane Structure and Dynamics - 113

SECTION V ICellular Organelles and

CHAPTER 8

Membrane TraffickingMembrane Pumps - 127

CHAPTER 1 8CHAPTER 9

Posttranslational Targeting of Proteins - 31 5Membrane Carriers - 139

CHAPTER 1 9CHAPTER 10

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts,Membrane Channels - 147

Peroxisomes - 33 1

CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 2 0Membrane Physiology - 173

Endoplasmic Reticulum - 345

CHAPTER 21

CHAPTER 3 4Secretory Membrane System and Golgi

Microtubules and Centrosomes - 623Apparatus - 365

CHAPTER 3 5CHAPTER 22

Intermediate Filaments - 645Endocytosis and the Endosomal MembraneSystem - 391

CHAPTER 3 6Motor Proteins - 65 5

CHAPTER 2 3Degradation of Cellular Components - 409

CHAPTER 3 7Intracellular Motility - 673

SECTION VIICHAPTER 3 8

Signaling MechanismsCellular Motility - 685

CH .3PTI , 24CHAPTER 3 9

Plasma Membrane Receptors - 427Muscles - 705

CHAPTER 2 5Protein Hardware for Signaling - 443

SECTION XCell Cycle

CH 1P'r r

6Second Messengers - 465

CHAPTER 4 0Introduction to the Cell Cycle - 731

CHAPTE RIntegration of Signals - 487

CHAPTER 4 1GI Phase and Regulation of Cell

SECTION VIII

Proliferation - 74 7

Cellular Adhesion and the

CHAPTER 4 2Extracellular Matrix

S Phase and DNA Replication - 761

CHAPTER 28

CHAPTER 4 3Cells of the Extra cellular Matrix and Immun eSystem - 517

G2 Phase and Control of Entry int oMitosis - 777

CHAPTER 29

CHAPTER 4 4Extracelluar Matrix Molecules - 531

Mitosis and Cytokinesis 791

CHAPTER 30

CHAPTER 4 5Cellular Adhesion - 553

Meiosis - 815

CHAPTER 31

CHAPTER 4 6Intercellular Junctions - 571

Programmed Cell Death - 83 3

CHAPTER 32Glossary - 851

Connective Tissues - 583

Index - 875SECTION I XCytoskeleton and Cellular Motility

CHAPTER 3 3Actin and Actin-Binding Proteins - 603

Guide to Figures Featuring Specific Organisms and Specialized Cell sOrganism/Specialized Cell Type

Figures

PROKARYOTE SArchaea

1-1, 2-1, 2-4Bacteria

1-1, 2-1, 2-4, 5-9, 12-4, 15-2, 15-5, 15-13, 17-13, 18-2, 18-9, 18-10, 19-2, 20-5 ,27-11 27-12, 27-13, 35-1, 37-12, 38- , 38-23, 38-24r42-3, 41-2 1

Viruse

5-

5-13, O,jÄi 5-16, §4,,,3 - 2

PROTOZOA

nAmoeba

22-5, 38-1, 38-4, 38-1 2Ciliates

2-8, 38-1, 38-1 5Other grotozoaj

36-7, 38-4, 37-10, 38, 38-22

E AND LANT Shloroplas

18-1, 18-2, 18-6, 19-7, 19-8, 19-9Green alga

2-8, 37-1, 37-9, 38-19, 38-20Plant cell wall

31-8, 32-1 2Plant (general)

1-2, 2-8, 2-9, 6-4, 31-8, 33-1, 34-2, 36-7, 36-13, 38-1, 44-21, 45- 8

FUNG IBudding yeast

1-2, 12-3, 12-4, 12-7, 12-8, 13-215 14-10, 34+x!"'34-19, 36-7, 36-13, 37-11, 42-4 ,42-5, 43-9, 45- 9

Fission yeast

6-3, 12-8, 33 EI, 40-6, 43-2, 44-24Other fungi .

2-9, 36-1 l-6

INVERTEBRATE ANIMALSEchinoderms

2-9, 36-13, 40-11, 44-22, 44-23Neff! t

s

2-9, 36-7, 36-13, AF3'-11, 46-9Insect

2-9, 12-4, 12-8, 12-14, 13-13, 14-12, 14-18, 36-7, 36„13, 38-5, 38-13, 44-13, 45-2 ,45-10

VERTEBjATE ANIMAL SBloo dGranulocytes

.

28-3, 28-7, 28-8, 30-13, 38-1Lymphocytes/immune system

27-8, 28-3, 28-7, 28-9, 28-10, 46-7, 46-1 8Monocytes/macrophages

28-3, 28-1, 28-8, 32-11, 38-2, 46- 6Platele s

•

28-7, 28-10, 30-14, 3;11Red bl d cells

7-6, 7-10, 28-7, 32-1 1Cance

34-20, 38x10, 41-2, 41-9, 41-10, 42- 8Connective tissueCartilage cells

28-3, 32-2, 32-3Fibroblasts)

28-2, 28-3, 28-4, 29-3, 29-4, 32-1, 32-11' 35-4, 317.! 38-1vlast cells

28-3, 28- 5Bone cells

28-3, 32-4, 32-5, 32-6, 32-7, 32-8, 32-9, 32-10Fat cells

27-7, 28-3, 28-6EpitheliaEpidermal, stratifiel

29-7, 31-1, 33-2, 35-1, 35-6, 38-5 38-7, 38-9, 40-1, 42- 8Glands liver

21-18, 23-4, 31-4, 34-20, 41-2, 44-2Intesti

11-2, 31-1, 32-1, 33-1, 33-2, 34-2, 46-1 8Kidney

11-3, 29-18, 5-1Respiratory system

11-4, 32-2, 34-3, 37-6, 38-1 7Vascular

22-8, 29-8, 29-18, 30-13, 30-14, 31-2, 32-1 1Muscle.Cardiac muscle

11-11, 11-12, 11-13, 39-l 39-10, 39-15, 39-18, 39-1 9Skeletal muscl~

11-8, 29-18, 33-3, 36-3, 36-4, 36-5, 39-1, 39-2, 39-4, 39-8, 39-9, 39-10, 39-13 ,3

39-15, 39-i6Smooth myjcle

2 8, 33-1, 35-8, 39-1, 39-20, 39-2 1Nervous systemCentral nervous system neuro

11-9, 11-10, 30-7, 34-12, 34-f3, 37-7, 38-13, 39-1 4Glial c

11-8, 11-9, 29-18, 37-7Periph

ervous system neurons

11-8, 26-3, 26-16, 27-1, 27-2, 29-18, 33-18, 35-9, 37-1, 37-3, 37-4, 37-5, 38-1 ,n

38-7, 39-14Synapses

11-8, 11-9, 11-10, 39-14Reproductive system

roocytes, eggs n

2 15, 34-15, 40-7, 40rl i 40-12, 43-10, 45-1 4Sperm

38-1, 38-3, 38-18, 45-1, 45-2, 45-4, 45-5, 45-8