CELL BIOCHEM MC
Transcript of CELL BIOCHEM MC
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) organic compoundsB) parts of genesC) made of amino acidsD) made of simple sugars
1. Proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they areall
A) protein, oxygen, fatB) protein, starch, fatC) water, carbon dioxide, oxygenD) water, starch, protein
2. Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?
A) Their chemical structure is critical to their abilityto function.
B) Their ability to replicate identical copies ensurescontinuation of the species.
C) They work better at 100°C than 37°C.D) They are made by and carried by the blood.
3. Which statement describes a similarity between allenzymes, antibodies, and hormones?
A) starch B) DNAC) water D) fat
4. Which substance is an inorganic molecule?
A) They are used to store genetic information.B) They are complex molecules made from smaller
molecules.C) They are used to assemble larger inorganic
materials.D) They are simple molecules used as energy
sources.
5. Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, andDNA?
A) A: oxygen and waterB: glucose
B) A: glucoseB: carbon dioxide and water
C) A: carbon dioxide and waterB: glucose
D) A: glucoseB: oxygen and water
6. The diagram below represents a biological process
Which set of molecules is best represented by letters A and B?
A) hydrogen B) carbonC) iodine D) oxygen
7. In a chemical analysis of a sample of animal tissue,which element would most likely be found in the smallest quantity?
A) organic compounds, onlyB) inorganic compounds, onlyC) both organic and inorganic compoundsD) neither organic nor inorganic compounds
8. Most organisms contain
A) does not contain carbonB) does not contain nitrogenC) contains hydrogenD) contains oxygen
9. Water is classified as an inorganic compound becauseit
A) glucose (C6Hl2O6)B) carbon dioxide (CO2)C) ethane (C2H6)D) stearic acid (Cl8H36O2)
10. Which compound is inorganic?
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A) A B) B C) C D) D
11. The chart below indicates the elements contained infour different molecules and the number of atoms ofeach element in those molecules.
Which molecule can be classified as organic?
A) carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and sulfurB) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogenC) iron, calcium, hydrogen, and oxygenD) chlorine, carbon, calcium, and sulfur
12. A chemical analysis of organisms from eachkingdom shows that living things are primarilycomposed of the elements
A) Mg(OH)2 B) NaClC) Cl2H22O11 D) NH3
13. Which formula represents an organic compound?
A) group A - inorganicgroup B - organic
B) group A - organicgroup B - inorganic
C) group A - monosaccharidesgroup B - disaccharides
D) group A - disaccharidesgroup B - monosaccharides
14. Groups A and B in the table below contain molecularformulas of compounds.
How would the compounds in these groups bechemically classified?
A) water B) glucoseC) maltase D) insulin
15. Which substance is an inorganic compound?
A) water B) oxygenC) nitrogen D) carbon
16. In the diagram below, which substance belongs inarea Z?
A) water and saltsB) proteins and carbohydratesC) fats and oilsD) enzymes and hormones
17. Which substances are inorganic compounds?
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A) inorganic compounds, onlyB) organic compounds, onlyC) both inorganic and organic compoundsD) neither inorganic nor organic compounds
18. Which substances dissolved in the cytoplasm of anameba enable it to carry on life-sustaining activities?
A) hydrogen and oxygenB) nitrogen and oxygenC) nitrogen and carbonD) hydrogen and carbon
19. Which elements are present in all organiccompounds?
A) percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphereB) number of plant species in the areaC) variety of scavengers in the ecosystemD) amount of time that water is present
20. Wildflowers grow and reproduce during the springsnowmelt in the desert region of Death Valley,California. Which environmental factor would mostlikely have the greatest influence on these activities?
A) Carbohydrates B) ProteinsC) Nucleic acids D) Water
21. Which of the following is not one of the mainclasses of macromolecules within cells?
A) water B) glycogenC) glycerol D) maltose
22. Which substance plays a major role in most of thechemical reactions that occur in a living cell?
A) nucleic acid B) glucoseC) fatty acid D) water
23. Which chemical compound makes up the greatestpercentage of a protozoan?
A) glycerol B) glycogenC) maltose D) water
24. Most of the chemical reactions occurring in a livingcell depend on the presence of an inorganiccompound known as
A) glycerol B) glucoseC) water D) cellulose
25. In a living cell, which compound serves primarily asa substance in which most molecules and ions aredissolved?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) clones B) receptors C) genes D) enzymes
26. The diagram represents a process used to modify bacterial cells.
In the diagram, arrows labeled X and Y represent the use of
A) specific type of molecule it interacts withduring a reaction
B) rate at which the enzyme breaks down during areaction it regulates
C) pH of all body systemsD) temperature of the products of the reaction it
regulates
27. A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged ina complex three-dimensional shape. This shapedetermines the
A) a lipid B) a carbohydrateC) an enzyme D) a hormone
28. A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that itcan be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, asingle-celled organism. The scientist needs to use aspecial type of organic molecule to perform thiscutting process. This molecule is
A) Every enzyme controls many differentreactions.
B) The rate of activity of an enzyme might changeas pH changes.
C) Temperature changes do not affect enzymes.D) Enzymes are produced from the building blocks
of carbohydrates.
29. Which statement best describes enzymes?
A) Sugars B) FatsC) Genetic material D) Enzymes
30. Which class of molecules is responsible for speedingup chemical reactions?
A) fatsB) mineralsC) biological catalystsD) complex carbohydrates
31. Plants such as the Venus flytrap produce chemicalcompounds that break down insects into substancesthat are usable by the plant. The chemicalcompounds that break down the insects are mostlikely
A) an enzymeB) an inorganic compoundC) a hormoneD) an antigen
32. Experiments revealed the following informationabout a certain molecule:
— It can be broken down into amino acids.— It can break down proteins into amino acids.— It is found in high concentrations in the smallintestine of humans.
This molecule is most likely
A) reactions that are controlled by catalystsB) enzymes that are stored in mitochondriaC) the production of catalysts in vacuolesD) enzymes that have the same genetic base
sequence
33. All chemical breakdown processes in cells directlyinvolve
A) enzymes B) nucleiC) chloroplasts D) organelles
34. All cells of an organism are engaged in manydifferent chemical reactions. This fact is bestsupported by the presence in each cell of thousandsof different kinds of
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A) biological catalysts presentB) size of the cellC) number of chromosomes in the cellD) kind of sugar found on each chromosome
35. In the body of a human, the types of chemicalactivities occurring within cells are most dependenton the
A) enzymes and synthesisB) amino acids and glucoseC) antigens and immunityD) ribosomes and sugars
36. The diagram below represents a series of reactionsthat can occur in an organism.
This diagram best illustrates the relationshipbetween
37. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents events involved asenergy is ultimately released from food.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Which row in the table above best represents the chain of Xs and letters A and B in the diagram?
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A) They control the transport of materials.B) They provide energy for chemical reactions.C) They affect the rate of chemical reactions.D) They absorb oxygen from the environment.
38. Which statement describes all enzymes?
A) a carbohydrate B) a simple sugarC) an enzyme D) a complex fat
39. Luciferin is a molecule that, when broken down infireflies, produces heat and light. The rate at whichluciferin is broken down in cells is controlled by
A) They are replicated in the nucleus.B) They are acted on by enzymes and release the
energy they contain.C) They are changed into tissues and organs in the
cytoplasm.D) They enter chloroplasts, where they can absorb
light energy.
40. What happens to certain nutrient molecules afterthey pass into muscle cells?
A) A – lipase; B – proteaseB) A – protease; B – maltaseC) A – maltase; B – lipaseD) A – maltase; B – protease
41. Two chemical equations are shown below.
What do letters A and B represent?
A) Enzymes are composed of polypeptide chains.B) Enzymes form a temporary association with a
reactant.C) Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and
must be synthesized for each reaction.D) Enzymes are specific because of their shape
and catalyze only certain reactions.
42. Which statement about enzymes is not correct?
43. Base your answer to the following question on thechemical reactions below and on your knowledge ofbiology.
A) W and X B) A and CC) B and D D) B and C
The enzymes needed for these chemical reactions areindicated by letters?
A) enzymes B) hormonesC) carbohydrates D) fats
44. Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of agroup of catalysts known as
A) enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxideB) enzyme in the synthesis of hydrogen peroxideC) emulsifier in the digestion of hydrogen
peroxideD) indicator in the detection of hydrogen peroxide
45. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic by-product ofcellular metabolism in aerobic organisms. Thereaction below occurs within the cells to prevent theaccumulation of hydrogen peroxide.
In this reaction, catalase functions as an
A) an enzyme B) a saltC) a sugar D) an acid
46. Although a certain molecule is involved in a specificreaction, its structure and chemical composition areexactly the same after the reaction as before thereaction. This molecule is most likely classified as
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A) A B) B C) C D) D
47. The equations below represent a summary of acellular process. Letters A, B, C, and D representsome components of this process.
A chemical that destroys proteins was added to a cellin which this process was taking place. Whichcomponent would most likely have been affectedfirst?
A) They slow down the rate of breathing.B) They are the building blocks of polymers.C) They speed up the conduction of impulses
along a nerve cell.D) They influence the rate of chemical reactions.
48. Which statement best describes enzymes?
A) A different enzyme will be used in the reaction.B) The rate of the reaction will change.C) Different chemicals will be used in the reaction
to replace the enzyme.D) Coenzymes will produce beta-galactosidase.
49. The enzyme beta-galactosidase is involved in acertain body reaction. What will most likely happenif beta-galactosidase is not available?
A) an enzyme B) a lipid moleculeC) an indicator D) an ADP molecule
50. Compound X increases the rate of the reactionshown below.
Compound X is most likely
A) They do not carry out the process of respiration.B) They contain enzymes that function at low
temperatures.C) They are part of the abiotic resources of that
ecosystem.D) They do not reproduce.
51. Which statement is most likely correct regarding soilbacteria that inhabit the polar regions of Earth?
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A) are not affected by pH B) work best at different pH levelsC) work best in an acidic environment D) work best in a basic environment
52. The graph below represents the effect of pH on three different enzymes at normal body temperature.
The graph illustrates that enzymes 1, 2, and 3
A) The enzymes respond in a similar way tochanges in temperature.
B) The enzymes in bacteria function best at 40°C.C) The enzymes function best at the same
temperature.D) The enzymes breakdown the same substances.
53. Which statement is supported by the information inthe graph below?
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Base your answers to questions 54 through 56 on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.
The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) isapproximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pHof the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the smallintestine during digestion is about 8. The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C,and D.
A) A B) B C) C D) D
54. Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?
A) The acidic environment of the cytoplasm destroys the enzymes.B) Antibodies in the cytoplasm break down foreign enzymes.C) The pH of the cytoplasm causes the enzymes to function less effectively.D) Enzymes can function only in the location where they are synthesized.
55. Lysosomes break open during the process of digestion, releasing enzymes into the cytoplasm. Whichstatement may explain why the entire cell may not he digested?
A) It would no longer be able to function because the environment is too acidic.B) It would adapt to the new environment and start carrying out the same function as enzymeC) It would continue to function because it is able to modify the pH of the environment.D) It would be able to function because the pH of the environment is similar to that of the intestine.
56. What will most likely happen to the action of an enzyme from the small intestine if it is placed in anenvironment similar to the environment in which enzyme C functions best?
A) biotic resources B) simple sugarsC) oxygen molecules D) organic catalysts
57. Chemicals that help chemical reactions occur atfaster rates in living organisms are known as
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A) Changes in pH and temperature will cause the enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.B) Temperature and pH determine amino acid sequences in enzymes.C) Changes in pH will change the genetic instructions of enzymes.D) Increasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
58. Which statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensureproper enzyme functioning?
A) DecreaseB) Remain the sameC) IncreaseD) You can not determine the effect of increasing
temperature on the rate of the reaction.
59. As temperature increases, the rate of a reaction will
A) The enzyme works better at 10°C than at 50°C.B) The enzyme works better at 5°C than at 65°C.C) The enzyme works better at 35°C than at either
temperature extreme.D) The enzyme works at the same level in all
environments.
60. The graph below shows the results of an action ofthe enzyme catalase on a piece of meat. Evidence ofenzyme activity is indicated by bubbles of oxygen.
Which statement best summarizes the activity ofcatalase shown in the graph?
A) Boiling destroys sugar molecules so theycannot be converted to starch.
B) Boiling kills a fungus on the corn that is neededto convert sugar to starch.
C) Boiling activates the enzyme that convertsamino acids to sugar.
D) Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible forconverting sugar to starch
61. The sweet taste of freshly picked corn is due to thehigh sugar content in the kernels. Enzyme actionconverts about 50% of the sugar to starch within oneday after picking. To preserve its sweetness, thefreshly picked corn is immersed in boiling water fora few minutes, and then cooled.
Which statement most likely explains why the boiledcorn kernels remain sweet?
A) It would be broken down.B) Its activity would slow down.C) Its shape would change.D) It would no longer act as an enzyme.
62. Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interactswith meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and thenplaced in a refrigerator for a short time, how wouldthe enzyme be affected?
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A) The amount of product formed will be equal tothat produced at pH 6.
B) The amount of product formed will be greaterthan that produced at pH 6.
C) The amount of product formed will be less thanthat produced at pH 6.
D) The amount of product formed can not beaccurately predicted.
63. The graph below illustrates the relative amounts ofproduct formed by the action of an enzyme in asolution with a pH of 6 at seven differenttemperatures.
Which statement best expresses the amount ofproduct that will be formed at each temperature ifthe experiment is repeated at a pH of 4?
A) the addition of cold water when the reaction isat 50°C
B) an increase in temperature from 70°C to 80°CC) the removal of the protein when the reaction is
at 30°CD) a decrease in temperature from 40°C to 10°C
64. The graph below shows the effect of temperature onthe relative rate of action of enzyme X on a protein.
Which change would not affect the relative rate ofaction of enzyme X?
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A) B) C) D)
65. Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below thisoptimum will decrease enzyme activity. Which graph best illustrates the effect of temperature onenzyme activity?
Base your answers to questions 66 and 67 on the graph below and your knowledge of biology.
A) 1 B) 5 C) 3 D) 13
66. Neither enzyme works at a pH of
A) acidic, only B) basic, onlyC) neutral D) sometimes acidic, sometimes basic
67. Pepsin works best in which type of environment?
A) adding more subunits of the organic compoundto the medium
B) lowering the pH of the mediumC) raising the temperature of the colony from
20°C to 30°CD) increasing the number of hormone molecules in
the colony
68. A colony of bacteria growing on a culture medium issuccessfully synthesizing an organic compound.Which procedure would be least likely to have aneffect on this synthesis?
A) the amino acid sequence of enzyme CB) the amount of substance W produced in five
minutes at various pH levelsC) the shapes of substances X and Y after the
reaction occursD) the temperature before the reaction occurs
69. The equation below represents a chemical reactionthat occurs in humans.
What data should be collected to support thehypothesis that enzyme C works best in anenvironment that is slightly basic?
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70. Base your answer to the following question on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) 5 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12
What is the optimum pH for the action of intestinalprotease?
A) genetic material in the nucleus stops replicatingB) size of the cell is increasedC) enzymes involved in the reaction become
deaminatedD) concentration of the reactants is increased
71. The chemical reactions taking place in a cell willmost likely speed up if the
A) ammonia B) acidsC) enzymes D) cellulose
72. A student placed groups of 50 seeds in a variety oftemperatures ranging from 0 to 50ºC. A difference inthe rate of germination observed in the groups atdifferent temperatures was most likely due to theeffect of temperature on
A) The maximum rate of human digestion occursat about 45° C.
B) The maximum rate of human respiration occursat about 57° C.
C) Temperature can influence the action of anenzyme.
D) Growth can be controlled by enzyme action.
73. Which statement is a valid conclusion based on theinformation in the graph below?
Base your answers to questions 74 through 76 on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology. Thegraph shows the relative rates of action of fourenzymes, A, B, C, and D.
A) A and B B) B and CC) C and D D) B and D
74. Which two enzymes would function in a region ofthe human body having a neutral pH?
A) remain constantB) increase, then decreaseC) decrease, then increaseD) decrease constantly
75. A solution with a pH of 6 contains enzyme C and itssubstrate. If a base is gradually added to thissolution, the rate of action of enzyme C would mostlikely
A) A B) B C) C D) D
76. Which enzyme shows the greatest change in its rateof action with the least change in pH?
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A) The dipeptide would digest faster.B) The dipeptide would digest slower or not at all.C) The amino acids would combine faster.D) The amino acids would combine slower or not at all.
77. A process that occurs in the human body is shown in the diagram below.
What would happen if a temperature change caused the shape of the active site to be altered?
Base your answers to questions 78 through 80 on thetable below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) A B) B C) C D) D
78. Which enzyme would most likely be functional inbacteria living in a hot spring that is 35°C abovenormal human body temperature?
A) 15°C B) 20°C C) 25°C D) 39°C
79. At what temperature would enzyme D most likely bedenatured?
A) The temperature is decreased to 22°C and thepH is kept the same.
B) The temperature is increased to 30°C and thepH is increased to 9.
C) The temperature is kept the same and the pH isdecreased to 6.
D) The temperature is increased to 44°C and thepH is kept the same.
80. If enzyme C is functioning at 25°C and a pH of 7,under which conditions would the rate of enzymeaction probably increase?
A) decreasing the temperature of the reaction by5°C
B) enzyme concentrationC) maintaining the pH of the reaction at 6.7D) substrate concentration
81. Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans thatbreaks down starch. The optimum pH for thisreaction is 6.7. The rate of this reaction would not beaffected by
A) 15°C B) 22°C C) 37°C D) 50°C
82. The effect of temperature on the relative rate ofaction of an enzyme is represented in the graphbelow.
The optimum temperature for the action of thisenzyme is approximately
A) 11 B) 9 C) 3 D) 7
83. An enzyme that works best in an acidic environmentwould function best at a pH of
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Base your answers to questions 84 through 86 on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) enzyme compositionB) optimum enzyme activityC) functions of coenzymesD) enzyme molecule size
84. The graph could best be used to illustrate
A) Excess acids have been building up, causing theenzyme to become fatigued.
B) Too much substrate is present at these hightemperatures.
C) Not enough substrate is present at these hightemperatures.
D) The high temperature causes the shape of theenzyme to be altered.
85. Which factor most likely accounts for the change inthe rate of enzyme action as the temperatureincreases from 40°C to 58°C?
A) Enzyme rates are not affected by coldtemperatures.
B) At 0°C, the enzyme is inactive.C) The enzyme is more active at 25°C than at
50°C.D) The enzyme is less active at 55°C than at 58°C.
86. Which statement most accurately representsinformation shown in the graph?
A) This enzyme works best at a temperature of35°C and a pH of 8.
B) This enzyme works best at a temperature of50°C and a pH of 12
C) Temperature and pH have no effect on theaction of this enzyme.
D) This enzyme works best at a temperature above50°C and a pH above 12.
87. Which statement best describes the enzymerepresented in the graphs below?
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Base your answers to questions 88 and 89 on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology. Thegraph contains information on the rate of activity oftwo human enzymes at various pH levels.
A) 0 to 2 B) 2 to 4C) 6 to 8 D) 10 to 12
88. The effect on the reaction rate of trypsin caused by atemperature change from 40ºC to 50ºC would bemost similar to the effect caused by a change in pHfrom
A) 9.5 B) 5.5 C) 2.5 D) 1.5
89. At which pH value do both pepsin and trypsinfunction?
A) 3-5 B) 4-6 C) 6-8 D) 8-10
90. Since salivary enzymes normally operate best at apH close to neutral, the optimum pH range for thehydrolysis of carbohydrates in the human mouthwould be
A) their enzymes function best at a temperature of70º C or higher
B) their enzymes function best at the sametemperature as enzymes in humans
C) they are able to carry out photosynthesiswithout sunlight
D) they are able to carry out respiration utilizingcarbon dioxide in place of oxygen
91. Some species of bacteria thrive in very hot springsbecause
A) the pH of the solution in which the reaction isoccurring
B) the concentrations of starch and enzymeC) the temperature at which the reaction is taking
placeD) the wavelength of light illuminating the
reaction
92. Which factor would have the least effect on the rateat which an enzyme breaks down starch?
93. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology. A student conducted an investigation onfermentation. Yeast, molasses, and water werecombined in a fermentation tube and left for severalhours at room temperature. The results are shownbelow.
A) ADP molecules are destroyed at 60ºC.B) High temperatures denature enzymes.C) Molasses turns to starch at 60ºC.D) Gases cannot form at high temperatures.
If the fermentation tube had been maintained at 60ºCinstead of at room temperature, the substance in area X would not have been produced. Which statement isthe best explanation for this?
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94. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which relates the rate ofphotosynthesis in a geranium plant to varyingtemperature and light intensity.
A) chlorophyll cannot absorb light that is toointense
B) enzymes are denatured by excessive heatC) the light becomes too intenseD) water evaporates too slowly
The rate of photosynthesis is reduced at temperaturesabove 40°C because
A) A, only B) B, onlyC) C, only D) both B and C
95. The graph below shows the relative concentration ofmolecules of three different substances, A,B, and C,in a reaction involving the synthesis of maltose fromglucose.
The change in the concentration of maltosemolecules is represented by
A) autotrophic nutritionB) heterotrophic nutritionC) enzyme-controlled reactionsD) the process of locomotion
96. In order to survive, all organisms must carry out
A) B)
C)
D)
97. Which graph best represents the effect of anincreasing substrate concentration and a constantenzyme concentration on the relative rate of enzymeaction?
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Base your answers to questions 98 and 99 on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV
98. Which section of the graph includes the point atwhich the enzyme started to denature?
A) 0°C B) 37°C C) 55°C D) 60°C
99. What is the optimum temperature for the enzyme?
A) 0-4 B) 4.5-5C) 5.9-8 D) 10-12
100. The graph below shows the effect of pH on the rateof action of two different enzymes.
In which pH range do both enzymes show someactivity?
A) raising the temperature from 20ºC to 30ºCB) raising the temperature from 50ºC to 100ºCC) decreasing the intensity of lightD) decreasing the amount of enzyme
101. Which action would most likely increase the rate ofan enzyme-controlled reaction during anexperiment?
Base your answers to questions 102 and 103 on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology.
A) All enzymes work best at a neutral pH.B) Adding more acid does not affect the rate of
activity of an enzymeC) Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0
to 5.5.D) The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH.
102. Which is a true statement about the relationship ofpH and enzyme action
A) only gastric protease would be active if the pHof the mixture was basic
B) intestinal protease would be more active thangastric protease at pH 4
C) both enzymes would exhibit some activity atpH 5
D) gastric protease would be more active thanintestinal protease at pH 6
103. Which is a true statement about the relationshipwith their substrates in a single test tube in regardsto pH and enzyme action?
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A) below 0°CB) between 0°C and 38°CC) at 40°CD) at 68°C
104. According to the graph below, at what temperaturewill the denaturation of lipase begin?
A) number of consumers in the waterB) number of producers in the waterC) temperature of the waterD) salt concentration of the water
105. A change in the rate of enzyme action in aquaticinvertebrates would most directly result from achange in the
A) synthesis B) specificityC) replication D) denaturation
106. The distortion (change in shape) of enzymemolecules which occurs at high temperatures isknown as
A) start to replicateB) change shapeC) are composed of fat molecules that meltD) break down into small starch molecules
107. Shrimp that live in the cold waters off Alaska willdie if introduced into warm water. One likelyreason these shrimp do not survive is that enzymesin the shrimp
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A) molecules having different shapes are always found in different organismsB) the shape of a molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactionsC) the shape of a molecule determines the age of an organismD) if the shape of any molecule in an organism changes, the DNA in that organism will also
change
108. The diagrams below represent two molecules that are involved in metabolic activities in some livingcells.
The shape of each of the molecules is important because
A) a nerve signal and a geneB) a receptor and a hormoneC) a chromosome and an antigenD) a starch and an amino acid
109. The molecules represented in the diagram belowcan interact to cause a biochemical process tooccur.
Molecule A and molecule B most likely represent
A) enzymes B) toxinsC) antibodies D) antigens
110. One effect of uncontrolled diabetes is that the bloodmight develop an acidic pH. As a result, cells maynot be able to regulate their internal pH. Withinthese cells, this could cause a disruption of thefunction of biological catalysts known as
A) molecular size B) physical shapeC) carrying capacity D) stored energy
111. The function of a specific enzyme is most directlyinfluenced by its
A) shapes of the molecules involvedB) number of molecules involvedC) sequence of bases present in ATPD) amount of glucose present in the cell
112. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown ofcarbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdownof proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule tointeract with specific molecules is most directlydetermined by the
A) are the same size as the enzymeB) are the same size as the substrate moleculesC) have a shape that fits into the enzymeD) have a shape that fits into all cell receptors
113. Enzyme molecules normally interact with substratemolecules. Some medicines work by blockingenzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines areeffective because they
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A) a protein and a chromosomeB) a receptor and a hormoneC) a carbohydrate and an amino acidD) an antibody and a hormone
114. The diagram below represents two molecules thatcan interact with each other to cause a biochemicalprocess to occur in a cell.
What pair of molecules would Molecules A and Bmost likely represent?
A) These chemicals must have a specific shape.B) These chemicals must be able to replicate.C) Body temperature must be above 40°C.D) Body pH must be above 10.
115. Which condition is necessary for enzymes andhormones to function properly in the human body?
A) control transport through the cell membraneB) have a specific shape related to their specific
functionC) remove wastes from the bodyD) speed up chemical reactions in cells
116. Antibody molecules and receptor molecules aresimilar in that they both
117. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram below.
A) molecule A, only B) molecule C, onlyC) molecules B and D D) molecules A and C
The enzyme would most likely affect reactions involving
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A) specific shapeB) small sizeC) concentration of carbon and hydrogen atomsD) high-energy bonds
118. A characteristic of hormones and enzymes thatallows them to work effectively with other organicmolecules is their
A) shape of their moleculesB) DNA they containC) inorganic molecules they containD) organelles present in their structure
119. A characteristic shared by all enzymes, hormones,and antibodies is that their function is determinedby the
A) a hormoneB) an enzymeC) an antibodyD) an inorganic compound
120. The diagram below illustrates a biochemicalprocess that occurs in organisms.
The substance labeled "catalyst" is also known as
A) monosaccharide and monosaccharideB) disaccharide and waterC) monosaccharide and waterD) monosaccharide and disaccharide
121. In the enzyme-controlled reaction represented bythe word equation below, which molecules areconsidered the substrate?
monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide+ water
A) synthesis of coenzymes by enzymesB) initial formation of an enzyme-substrate
complexC) separation of the enzyme and the products of
the reactionD) destruction of the enzyme
122. Which activity completes an enzyme-controlledreaction?
A) protein hydrolysisB) enzyme specificityC) active transportD) polypeptide ingestion
123. Which concept is illustrated by the reaction shownin the diagram below?
124. "The equation below summarizes the processthat produces the flashing light of a firefly. Themolecule luciferin is broken down, and energy isreleased in the form of heat and light.
"
A) a reactantB) a substrateC) an inorganic catalystD) an enzyme
What does luciferase function as in this process?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
125. In the reaction illustrated in the diagram below,which structure represents the enzyme?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) contains starchB) is not reusableC) is chemically specificD) lacks protein
126. The enzyme salivary amylase will act on starch, butnot on protein. This action illustrates that salivaryamylase
A) Enzymes are specific in their actions.B) Starch molecules are too large to be
hydrolyzed.C) Starch is composed of amino acids.D) Egg white acts as a coenzyme for hydrolysis.
127. A certain enzyme will hydrolyze egg white but notstarch. Which statement best explains thisobservation?
Base your answers to questions 128 and 129 on thediagram below which represents an enzymecontrolled reaction and on your knowledge ofbiology.
A) dehydration synthesisB) aerobic respirationC) hydrolysisD) fermentation
128. This reaction best represents
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
129. Which number indicates the enzyme-substratecomplex?
A) water B) saltC) oxygen D) glucose
130. An energy-rich organic compound needed byorganisms is
A) in the bonds between atoms B) in the oxygen found in the moleculeC) when the carbon atoms break off D) when water breaks this molecule apart
131. The energy in this molecule is stored
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132. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge ofbiology. The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule.
A) amino acids B) simple sugarsC) fats D) molecular bases
The building blocks for this molecule are
A) movements through the cytoplasmB) functions inside and outside of cellsC) roles in building water moleculesD) circulation throughout the body
133. The shape of a protein molecule directly determinesits
A) Proteins B) LipidsC) Nucleotides D) Carbohydrates
134. Glucose molecules are the building blocks of whatclass of macromolecule?
Base your answers to questions 135 and 136 on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20°C.B) Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, andC) Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH.D) Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body.
135. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) simple sugar B) amino acid C) fat D) hormone
136. Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule?
Base your answers to questions 137 and 138 on theinformation in the diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) photosynthesisB) synthesis of enzymesC) a building block of starchD) a genetic code
137. In a heterotrophic organism, substance A could beused directly for
A) source of energy B) hormoneC) vitamin D) biotic resource
138. In an autotrophic organism, substance B functionsas a
A) linked together to form proteinsB) broken down into carbon dioxide and waterC) used as a source of energyD) stored in the form of starch molecules
139. In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be
A) carbohydrates B) ozoneC) carbon dioxide D) water
140. What substance could be represented by the letter Xin the diagram below?
A) 1 and 5 B) 2 and 4C) 3 and 2 D) 4 and 3
141. Some structural formulas of organic molecules areshown below.
Which structural formulas represent carbohydratemolecules?
A) CH4 B) C3H7O2NC) Cl2H22O11 D) CO2
142. Which chemical formula represents acarbohydrate?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) 1:1 B) 2:1 C) 3:1 D) 1:2
143. What is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygenatoms in a molecule of glucose?
A) glucose B) maltaseC) ribose D) starch
144. Which compound is a polysaccharide?
A) one nitrogen atomB) ten nitrogen atomsC) five oxygen atomsD) twenty oxygen atoms
145. If a specific carbohydrate molecule contains tenhydrogen atoms, that same molecule would mostprobably contain
A) carbohydrates B) lipidsC) nucleic acids D) proteins
146. Which group of organic molecules includesglycogen and glucose?
A) fatty acids and glycerolB) fats and waxesC) sugars and starchesD) amino acids and alcohol
147. Two examples of carbohydrates are
A) lipid B) proteinC) carbohydrate D) glycerol
148. In which type of molecule is the ratio of hydrogento oxygen usually 2 to 1?
A) dipeptides B) proteinsC) vitamins D) carbohydrates
149. Molecules consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, andoxygen atoms make up a large part of a plant cellwall. These molecules are classified as
A) a protein B) a lipidC) maltose D) starch
150. Two molecules of the type illustrated below arecombined by dehydration synthesis.
Combining these two molecules produces
A) starch B) PGALC) ATP D) glucose
151. Which compound has the structural formula shownbelow?
A) maltose B) DNAC) maltase D) ATP
152. Which organic compound consists of the elementscarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and has hydrogenand oxygen atoms in a 2:1 ratio?
A) amino acids B) fatty acidsC) starch D) nucleic acids
153. Plants store carbohydrates in the form of
A) glycogen B) glycerolC) maltose D) cellulose
154. In humans, excess glucose is stored as thepolysaccharide known as
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A) maltose–amino acidB) starch–glucoseC) protein–fatty acidD) lipid–sucrose
155. Which organic compound is correctly matched withthe subunit that composes it?
A) Peptide bondB) Glycosidic bondC) Phosphodiester bondD) Ionic bond
156. What is the name of the bond linking sugarmolecules together?
A) enzymes B) simple sugarsC) amino acids D) minerals
157. Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato iscomposed of molecules that originally enteredthese cells as
Base your answers to questions 158 and 159 on the diagram below. For each of the following phrases,select the molecule, chosen from those shown below, which is best described by that phrase.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
158. An example of a carbohydrate
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
159. A molecule that results from all dehydration synthesis reactions
A) converted into starch by dehydration synthesisand stored in roots
B) converted into cellulose by hydrolysis andstored in leaves
C) used as catalysts for metabolic activityD) used as a raw material for photosynthesis
160. How are glucose molecules produced by greenplants usually processed?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
Base your answers to questions 161 and 162 on the chemical reaction represented below and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) water B) plant hormonesC) glycogen D) nucleic acids
161. Letter Z most likely represents molecules of
A) a neurotransmitter B) a hormoneC) a lipid D) an enzyme
162. Letter Y most likely represents
A) hydrolysisB) dehydration synthesisC) chemical digestionD) absorption
163. Which process is represented by the reactionsillustrated in the diagram below?
A) protein hydrolysisB) dehydration synthesisC) chemical digestionD) cellular respiration
164. The process by which glucose is converted tostarch is known as
Base your answers to questions 165 and 166 on thediagram below, which represents stages in thedigestion of a starch, and on your knowledge ofbiology.
A) an antibodyB) a receptor moleculeC) an enzymeD) a hormone
165. The structure labeled X most likely represents
A) simple sugars B) fatsC) amino acids D) minerals
166. The products would most likely contain
CELL BIOCHEM MC
167. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge ofBiology.
In a class, each student made three models of the small intestine using three artificialmembrane tubes. They filled each of the three tubes with equal amounts of water, starch, protein,and vitamin C. They added starch-digesting enzyme to tube 1. They added protein-digestingenzyme to tube 2. No enzyme was added to tube 3. The ends of the membrane tubes were sealedand the tubes were soaked for 24 hours in beakers of pure water. The beakers were numbered 1,2, and 3, corresponding to the number of the tube they contained. At the end of the experiment,the students removed the tubes and tested the water in the beakers for the presence of nutrients.
A) beaker 1, only B) beaker 2, onlyC) beakers 1 and 3, only D) beakers 1, 2, and 3
Where would sugar most likely be present in the water?
A) The concentration of sugars is greater at point A than it is at point B.
B) The concentration of sugars is greater at point B than it is at point A.
C) The starch concentration is the same at point Aas it is at point B.
D) The starch concentration is greater at point B than it is at point A.
168. The graph below represents data obtained from anexperiment on starch digestion.
Which statement best describes point A and point Bon the graph?
A) simple sugars B) amino acidsC) fatty acids D) nucleotides
169. What are the end products of the hydrolysis of apolysaccharide?
A) dehydration synthesis of a dipeptideB) hydrolysis of a polypeptideC) dehydration synthesis of a lipidD) hydrolysis of a disaccharide
170. Which chemical reaction is represented by thediagram below?
A) water B) proteaseC) DNA D) RNA
171. The diagram below represents some steps in achemical reaction involving a carbohydrate.
Which substance must be added at Y to completethis reaction?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
172. Base your answer to the following question on theequation below.
A) a glycerol moleculeB) a peptide bondC) a carboxyl groupD) an enzyme
What does x most likely represent?
A) hydrolysisB) dehydration synthesisC) aerobic respirationD) photosynthesis
173. A disaccharide combines with water to produce twomonosaccharides in the process known as
A) synthesis B) pinocytosisC) hydrolysis D) photosynthesis
174. The process by which digestive enzymes catalyzethe breakdown of larger molecules to smallermolecules with the addition of water is known as
A) glycerols B) amino acidsC) simple sugars D) proteins
175. Starch molecules are hydrolyzed into smaller unitsknown as
A) glucose B) waterC) maltase D) protease
176. The hydrolysis of maltose is catalyzed by
A) genesB) organic compoundsC) chemical bondsD) mitochondria
177. More energy can be released from a fat moleculethan from a glucose molecule because the fatmolecule contains more
A) carbohydrates B) lipidsC) proteins D) nucleotides
178. Butter and oil are examples of food composed of
A) Lipids B) CarbohydratesC) Nucleotides D) Proteins
179. What is the major component of plasmamembranes?
A) GlucoseB) Amino acidsC) Fatty acids and glycerolD) Nucleic acids
180. What are the building blocks of lipids?
A) glycogen B) ATPC) PGAL D) a lipid
181. Which organic compound is produced when threefatty acid molecules bond to one glycerolmolecule?
A) fat and glycogenB) waxes and oilsC) minerals and ureaD) water and carbon dioxide
182. Animals commonly store energy in the form of
A) sources of stored energy and transmitters ofgenetic information
B) sources of stored energy and components ofcellular membranes
C) transmitters of genetic information andcatalysts of chemical reactions
D) catalysts of chemical reactions andcomponents of cellular membranes
183. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as
A) lipids B) proteinsC) carbohydrates D) salts
184. Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to whichgeneral class of organic substances?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
Base your answers to questions 185 through 187 onthe two chemical reactions shown below.
A) glycerol moleculeB) monosaccharideC) dipeptide moleculeD) polymer
185. Letter B represents a
A) a hormoneB) a neurotransmitterC) an organic catalystD) a hemoglobin molecule
186. Letter A most likely represents
A) lipase B) sucraseC) maltase D) amylase
187. Substance C is most likely
A) water and nucleic acidsB) amino acids and dipeptidesC) fatty acids and glycerolD) glucose and water
188. Which substances are produced by the hydrolysisof an oil?
A) A protein is a long chain of amino acids foldedinto a specific shape.
B) A protein is a long chain of simple sugarsfolded into a specific shape.
C) A protein is made of amino acids synthesizedinto a short, circular chain.
D) A protein is made of simple sugarssynthesized into a short, circular chain.
189. Mad cow disease is a fatal disease that destroysbrain tissue. Researchers have found that a prionprotein, which is an abnormally constructedmolecule, is responsible. Which statement bestdescribes the characteristics a protein must have tofunction correctly?
A) Proteins are long, folded chains that can formvarious cell parts.
B) Proteins are composed of four differentstarches that direct cell activity.
C) Proteins are long, twisted strands of glucosethat regulate cells.
D) Proteins are genetically diverse substancesthat are synthesized in the nucleus.
190. Which statement best describes some proteinmolecules in a cell?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) amino acids arranged in a specific orderB) simple sugars alternating with starches arranged in a folded patternC) large inorganic subunits that form chains that interlock with each otherD) four bases that make up the folded structure
191. The diagram below represents a protein molecule present in some living things.
This type of molecule is composed of a sequence of
A) size of a specific amino acid can vary within aprotein
B) chemical composition of a specific amino acidcan vary
C) sequence and number of amino acids can bedifferent in each protein
D) same amino acid can have many differentproperties
192. Even though human proteins are synthesized fromonly 20 different amino acids, there are thousandsof different proteins found in human cells. Thisgreat variety of proteins is possible because the
A) glucose moleculesB) amino acidsC) hormonesD) fats
193. The basic building blocks of a protein are
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
194. Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?
A) are raised in similar environmentsB) eat similar types of foodsC) have similar types of proteinsD) use similar types of facial care products
195. Brothers and sisters often have similar facialcharacteristics, such as nose shape or eye color,because they
A) function of that proteinB) structure of ATP containing that proteinC) type of simple sugars in that proteinD) amino acids in that protein
196. The way a protein molecule is folded determinesthe shape of the molecule, which determines the
A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygenB) Nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorousC) Oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogenD) Carbon, phosphorous, and hydrogen
197. What are the main atoms of a protein molecule?
A) Carbohydrate B) ProteinC) Nucleotide D) Fatty acid
198. Enzymes are a type of
A) Proteins B) LipidsC) Carbohydrates D) Nucleotides
199. Amino acids are the building blocks of which classof macromolecules?
A) size of the protein moleculeB) location of the protein within the cellC) arrangement of amino acids in the proteinD) function the protein must carry out
200. The shape of a protein is originally determined bythe
A) interact with each other at a high pHB) interact with molecules that can alter their
specific bonding patternsC) contain amino acid chains that fold into a
specific shapeD) contain identical DNA base sequences
201. Many biological catalysts, hormones, and receptormolecules are similar in that, in order to functionproperly, they must
CELL BIOCHEM MC
Base your answers to questions 202 and 203 on theinformation below and on your knowledge ofbiology.
Organisms living in a bog environment mustbe able to tolerate nitrogen-poor, acidicconditions. Bog plants such as the Venus flytrapand sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen byattracting and consuming insects. These plantsproduce chemicals that break down the insectsinto usable compounds.
A) fats B) hormonesC) enzymes D) carbohydrates
202. The chemicals present in the plants that break downthe insects are most likely
A) proteins B) sugarsC) carbohydrates D) fats
203. Which compounds present in insects are composedof the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrapand sundew with much of their nitrogen?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
204. The diagram below represents the synthesis of a portion of a complex molecule in an organism.
Which row in the chart could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram?
A) type and order of amino acidsB) environment of the organismC) availability of starch moleculesD) nutritional habits of the organism
205. The function of most proteins depends primarily onthe
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) chains folded the same way and the samesequence of simple sugars
B) chains folded the same way and the samesequence of amino acids
C) chains folded differently and a differentsequence of simple sugars
D) chains folded differently and a differentsequence of amino acids
206. Two proteins in the same cell perform differentfunctions. This is because the two proteins arecomposed of
A) Proteins are long, usually folded, chains.B) The shape of a protein molecule determines its
function.C) Proteins can be broken down and used for
energy.D) Proteins are bonded together, resulting in
simple sugars.
207. Which statement concerning proteins is not correct?
A) sequence of amino acids B) sequence of simple sugarsC) sequence of starch molecules D) sequence of ATP molecules
208. The diagram below provides some information concerning proteins.
Which phrase is represented by A?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
Base your answers to questions 209 through 211 on on the chart below and your knowledge ofBiology.
A) A B) E C) C D) I
209. In which section of the chart do the substances starch and glycogen belong?
A) B)
C) D)
210. Which belongs in section G ?
A) F B) B C) H D) D
211. In which section of the chart do nucleic acidsbelong?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) Proteins A and B have different functions anddifferent amino acid chains.
B) Proteins A and B have different functions butthe same amino acid chains.
C) Proteins A and B have the same function but adifferent sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
D) Proteins A and B have the same function andthe same sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
212. The diagram below shows two different structures,1 and 2, that are present in many single-celledorganisms. Structure 1 contains protein A, but notprotein B, and structure 2 contains protein B, butnot protein A.
Which statement is correct concerning protein A and protein B?
A) whether it is organic or inorganicB) changes in temperature or pHC) the number of genes found in the nucleusD) the number of chromosomes in the cell
213. What is the shape of a protein molecule influencedby?
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214. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the humandigestive system. Pepsin and trypsin are human digestive enzymes.
A) sugars B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) proteins
Pepsin and trypsin are classified as
Base your answers to questions 215 through 218 on the chemical reaction represented below.
A) an amino group B) a carboxyl groupC) a polymer D) a monosaccharide
215. The portion of the molecule in box F is known as
A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) glycerol D) water
216. Letter E represents a molecule of
A) hydrolysis B) aerobic respirationC) dehydration synthesis D) deamination
217. This reaction is an example of
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A) A and B B) A and G C) G and D D) B and D
218. Amino acids are indicated by letters
A) proteins B) nucleic acidsC) lipids D) carbohydrates
219. In what class of organic molecules wouldhemoglobin, insulin, albumin, and maltase, all ofwhich are composed of chains of amino acids, beplaced into?
Base your answers to questions 220 and 221 on the information in the chart below and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) They are composed of basic subunits known as nucleotides.B) They contain the atoms carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1
ratio.C) They transfer amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.D) They include chemical compounds such as insulin and hemoglobin.
220. What is another characteristic of the compounds in class D?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
221. Which class of compounds includes the compound represented in the diagram below the chart?
222. Base your answer to the following question on the structural formula of a molecule shown below.
A) carboxyl group B) hydrogen bondC) peptide bond D) variable side group
The part of the molecule indicated by X is known as a
A) carbon B) hydrogenC) oxygen D) nitrogen
223. An element found in all proteins but not found incarbohydrates and lipids is
CELL BIOCHEM MC
A) amino acids and proteinsB) glucose and polysaccharidesC) monosaccharides and celluloseD) fatty acids and lipids
224. If there were no nitrogen compounds in the soil, themost immediate effect on plants growing in thatsoil would be difficulty in synthesizing
A) glucose B) celluloseC) fatty acids D) amino acids
225. What are proteins ingested by animals immediatesources of?
A) proteins B) carbohydratesC) lipids D) nucleic acids
226. All enzymes are examples of organic moleculesknown as
A) protein synthesisB) photosynthesisC) respirationD) enzymatic hydrolysis
227. Enzymes are produced as a direct result of whichprocess?
A) cellulose B) chlorophyllC) protein D) hemoglobin
228. Every living cell contains molecules of
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
229. The diagram below, which number indicates acarboxyl group?
A) ribosomes B) mineralsC) chloroplasts D) mitochondria
230. A pesticide that kills an insect by interfering withthe production of proteins in the insect would mostdirectly affect the activity of
A) 10 B) 20 C) 1 D) 100
231. How many different kinds of amino acids are there?
A) Ionic bondB) Phosphodiester bondC) Glycosidic bondD) Peptide bond
232. What is the name of the bond linking amino acidstogether?
A) protein synthesisB) waste disposalC) transport of materialsD) breakdown of nutrients
233. Researchers use a variety of techniques to learnmore about the function of a specific gene in anorganism. In one type of experiment, called aloss-of-function experiment, the gene beinginvestigated is eliminated. In a gain-of-functionexperiment, extra copies of the gene beinginvestigated are inserted. The cell process mostdirectly affected in both experiments is
A) amount of energy available for synthesis ofthe protein
B) kind and sequence of amino acids in theprotein
C) type and number of DNA molecules in a cellD) mistakes made when the DNA is copied
234. The shape of a protein is most directly determinedby the
CELL BIOCHEM MC
235. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a process that occurswithin a cell in the human pancreas.
A) digestion by enzymesB) protein synthesisC) energy productionD) replication of DNA
This process is known as
A) a double bond B) a hydrogen bondC) an ionic bond D) a peptide bond
236. The bond that joins two amino acids together isknown as
237. Base your answer to the following question on Theequations below represent two biochemicalprocesses, A and B.
A) Process A requires energy, but process B doesnot.
B) Process B requires enzymes, but process Adoes not.
C) Processes A and B are examples of hydrolysis.D) Processes A and B are examples of
dehydration synthesis.
Which statement about processes A and B iscorrect?
A) salt B) hydrochloric acidC) water D) fatty acid
238. Which substance is most likely represented by letterX in the equation below? amino acid + amino acid ® dipeptide + X
A) an oxygen atom of a glucose molecule and acarbon atom of a lipid molecule
B) a carbon atom and a hydrogen atomC) a variable side group and a nitrogen atomD) a nitrogen atom in an amino group and a
carbon atom in a carboxyl group
239. Where does a chemical bond form when adipeptide is synthesized?
A) the digestion of the amino acids that make upthe proteins
B) the synthesis of a protein with different simplesugars
C) removal of the gene that codes for theproduction of the protein
D) an internal factor in the body, such as atemperature increase
240. In the diagram below, X represents a process thatcauses a protein to unfold and stop functioning.
Process X is most likely caused by
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
241. The diagram below represents a process that occursin organisms.
Which row in the chart indicates what A and B inthe boxes could represent?
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Base your answers to questions 242 and 243 on the information below. A student completed a series of experiments and found that a protein-digesting enzyme(intestinal protease) functions best when the pH is 8.0 and the temperature is 37°C. During anexperiment, the student used some of the procedures listed below.
Procedures (A) Adding more protease (B) Adding more protein (C) Decreasing the pH to 6.0 (D) Increasing the temperature to 45°C (E) Decreasing the amount of light
A) A and D B) B and C C) C and D D) A and E
242. Which two procedures would most likely cause a decrease in the rate of protein digestion?
A) A B) E C) C D) D
243. Which procedure would have the least effect on the rate of protein digestion?
244. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
A general equation for a chemical reaction is shown below.
A) amylase B) lipase C) protease D) maltase
Which substance is represented by letter A?
Base your answers to questions 245 through 247 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.
A solution of an enzyme normally found in the human body was added to a flask containing asolution of proteins in distilled water, and then the flask was stoppered. This mixture was thenmaintained at a temperature of 27°C and a pH of 7 for 48 hours. When the mixture was analyzed,the presence of amino acids was noted.
A) carbohydrates B) maltases C) lipases D) proteases
245. The enzymatic solution most likely contained
A) increase the temperature from 27°C to 37°CB) increase the pH from 7 to 12C) place the flask in bright lightD) decrease the amount of enzyme added
246. One way to speed up the production of amino acids in the flask would be to
A) amino acids, onlyB) amino acids and polypeptides, onlyC) polypeptides, amino acids, and enzyme moleculesD) polysaccharides, amino acids, and enzyme molecules
247. Which substances would most likely be present in the solution in the flask after 48 hours?
CELL BIOCHEM MC
Base your answers to questions 248 through 250 onthe chart below which gives incomplete informationabout certain biochemical reactions and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) glucose moleculesB) ATP moleculesC) alcohol moleculesD) polypeptide molecules
248. The products represented by letter A are
A) ATPase B) lipaseC) sucrase D) amylase
249. The enzyme represented by letter C is known as
A) glucose and water B) ATP and waterC) dipeptides and water D) alcohol and water
250. The reactants represented by letter B are
A) protein B) lipidC) polysaccharide D) carbohydrate
251. The molecule represented below would most likelyresult from the partial digestion of a
A) nucleic acid-glycerolB) carbohydrate-fatty acidC) protein-amino acidD) lipid-nucleotide
252. Which organic molecule is correctly paired with anend product of its digestion?
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Base your answers to questions 253 through 255 on the structural formula below and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 2 and 4 D) 1 and 3
253. Which groups are directly involved in the formation of peptide bonds?
A) lipid B) disaccharide C) nucleic acid D) protein
254. A molecule of this substance may be formed as a result of the hydrolysis of a
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
255. Which group of atoms varies from one type of amino acid to another?
Biology (Living Environment)
Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.
36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.
71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.100.101.102.103.104.105.
106.107.108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.
Biology (Living Environment)
Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________
141.142.143.144.145.146.147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.170.171.172.173.174.175.
176.177.178.179.180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.
211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.244.245.
246.247.248.249.250.251.252.253.254.255.