CEBAF Overview HUGS08 June 3 , 2008
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Transcript of CEBAF Overview HUGS08 June 3 , 2008
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
CEBAF OverviewHUGS08
June 3, 2008
Michael SpataStaff Scientist
Jefferson Science AssociatesCenter for Advanced Studies of
Accelerators
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• 1984 DOE provides funding for new facility• 1987 Construction Begins on CEBAF• 1995 First Physics Experiments Begin• 1997 4 GeV Three-Hall Simultaneous
Operations• 2004 12 GeV Upgrade Development Team
Formed• 2004 Engineering/Design of 12 GeV Machine
Begins• 2005 C-50 Program to Reach 6 GeV Begins• Today operating CEBAF at 5.7 GeV with a clear
path forward for 6 GeV and 12 GeV Operations
CEBAF Historical Timeline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Aerial View
N
• 5-pass CW Electron Accelerator
• Three user facilities (A, B, C)
• CW photo Injector• Two 1497 MHz Linacs• Two Recirculation Arcs• Dynamic Physics Program
Requiring Frequent Energy & Pass Changes
• >85% Polarization• Small Helicity-Correlated
Beam Asymmetries
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
CEBAF Beamline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Injector Layout
.
5 MeV Dump
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Load Lock Photocathode Gun
Suitcase
Small bake Load region
NEG-coated HV chamber
Heat/activation chamberGoal: 8 hours swap photocathodePresent: ~12 hours
x4
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Synchronous Photoinjection• Laser light that shines on the photocathode is
RF pulsed at 499 MHz and creates an RF microstructure on the electron beam
• 499 MHz is a sub-harmonic of the fundamental accelerator operating frequency 1497 MHz
• During three-hall operations, three separate 499 MHz lasers—one for each hall—are used to generate three interlaced electron beams
• Use pulsed light to extract electrons only when we need them.
• This prolongs operating lifetime of the cathode.
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Beam Formation
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Beam Formation
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Chopping System
• Beam from 100 keV photocathode gun is sent through 499 MHz chopper cavity
• Transverse orthogonal magnetic fields rotate the beam in a circle of ~1.5 cm radius
• Slits at 240°, 0° and 120° degrees allow bunches of electrons to pass
• Chopper slits and laser intensity are individually controlled to regulate currents for Halls A, B & C
• The three beams are recombined by another 499 MHz chopper cavity
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Chopping System
Chopper #1
RF Cavity (499 MHz)
Chopper #2
RF Cavity (499 MHz)
Lens Lens
B
C A
Master Slit
BeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeamBeam
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Chopping System
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Chopper System
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Beam in a Longitudinal E Field
Debunching Bunching
Accelerating
Decelerating
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Injector Layout
.
5 MeV Dump
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• Measure the time of arrival of the bunch at a high frequency cavity (5.988 GHz) downstream of the buncher cavity
• Move the phases of the chopper cavities and re-measure the time of arrival
• Plot the time of arrival as a function of the phase
• Each point is the center of gravity of the beam
• By moving the center of gravity, the result mimics the behavior of particles distributed along the bunch
• CEBAF bunch is less than 10 picoseconds long• This measurement is accurate to 15
femtoseconds
Longitudinal Bunch Optimization
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Injector Layout
.
5 MeV Dump
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
CEBAF Beamline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Linear Accelerator
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
CEBAF 5-Cell Cavity
CEBAF 5-cell cavities operate at 1497 MHz with an active length of 50 cm eachThere are eight cavities per cryomodule
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• Gradient specification of CEBAF cavities was 5 MV/m
• Average gradient of cavities installed was 7.3 MV/m
• Two approaches to improve performance of cavities,
• Helium processing and waveguide vacuum processing – Carried out in situ– Reduction in cavity electron emission (field
emission) and waveguide gas discharge
• C50 program in place to take least capable cryomodules out of the machine and refurbish them
Cavity Performance
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Cavity Performance
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Evolving Standard for CEBAF Cavities
lllllllllll lllllllll ll l l ll ll l l l l ll l l l l ll l l l l l l
10.00E+7
1.00E+9
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Qo
Eacc [MV/m]
l Baseline
l e-polished
Spec for12 GeV cavities
Same shape7-cells
Original CEBAF
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Cryomodule System: Cavity DesignUpgraded SRF Cavity for CEBAF• 7-cell 1497 MHz niobium, same cell shape as
original
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Cryomodule Assembly
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Upgrade Cryomodule Design
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
CEBAF Beamline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Arc Transport Magnets• Spreader and recombiner sections of the machine connect linear accelerators to recirculation arcs
• Magnetic dipoles and septa are powered in series with different arcs
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Arc Transport Magnets• Recirculation arcs transport the beam between linacs
• Low energy beam at the top
• High energy beam at the bottom
• 16 or 32 dipoles are used to complete the 180 degree bend
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Typical Magnet Assembly
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• Any single user can receive beam from the first four passes
• All three users may receive beam from the fifth pass
• Time-dependent transverse kicks are applied to the microbunch structure to selectively direct beams along the correct path
• Accomplished with RF Separator cavities operating at 499 MHz
• Also use dipoles and quadrupoles at fixed field strengths to change the path of the beam
Beam Extraction
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Extraction System
• Extraction system consists of RF Separators, Septa and Dipole magnets
• 1-4 pass uses horizontal separation to deflect one beam to halls A, B or C
• 5th pass uses vertical separation and all 3 halls can have the maximum energy at the same time
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
499 MHz RF Separator Cavities
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Horizontal Extraction System
C
C
C
A
B A
B
A, B
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Horizontal Extraction Septa
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Vertical Extraction System
C AB
AB
C
A
B
C
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Vertical Extraction Septa
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Parity Quality Beam
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 200846
6 GeV CEBAF11
CHL-2
12Upgrade magnets
and power supplies
Two 0.6 GV linacs1.1
New cryomodules get new rf zones
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
12 GeV Magnet Upgrades
Quads The majority of the existing quadrupoles can meet
the 12 GeV needs without modification Upgrade other quads only as needed; Double Power
Supply current, Double up quads with new PS, or one new higher strength quadrupole magnet design
Most Hall B transport quadrupoles will be replaced with the new high strength quad Prototype dipole with added H-Steel
DipolesArcs 3-9 will have C-style dipoles modified with
added H-Steel to limit saturation
Halls B & C lines will have similar changes
Dipoles will be removed from stands for safe H-Steel installation and mapped for quality control
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
12 GeV Extraction
12 GeV Upgrade Plan View
Recirculation ARCS
RelocatedNew12 GeV Upgrade Elevation View
Horizontally deflecting RF cavities (499MHz, copper)
Horizontally deflecting septa
Horizontally deflecting dipoles
Pass 1
Pass 2
Pass 4
Pass 3
Pass 5
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
12 GeV Project Timeline
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
Energy Reach
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4Install Renascence and 3 C50 CryomodulesInstall 3 C50 CryomodulesInstall 3 C50 CryomodulesInstall 1 C50 CryomodulesInstall 10 C100 Cryomodules12 GeV Preliminary Engineering and Design12 GeV Procurement and Assembly12 GeV Installation12 GeV Commissioning and OperationsMaximum Energy to A, B, C at end of FY 11 GeV 11 GeV
ShortDown
LongDown
6 GeV 6 GeV 11 GeV5.1 GeV 5.9 GeV 6 GeV 6 GeV
FY 13 FY 14 FY 15Activity Name FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12
6 GeV
12 GeV
FY 07 FY 08
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
MCC Control Room
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Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
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23rd Annual HUGS Program June 2-20, 2008
• CEBAF Historical Timeline• Machine Overview• Injector• Linear Accelerators• Recirculation Arcs• Extraction Systems• Beam Specifications• 12 GeV Upgrade• Control Room• Questions
Outline
Thanks!