CEA--'Living On Shaky Ground' Magazine--'No. Calif. Edition'--on 'CEA' website--2010

8/7/2019 CEA--'Living On Shaky Ground' Magazine--'No. Calif. Edition'--on 'CEA' website--2010

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2/17

2 Living on Shaky ground

M 6

M 5

M 7

M 8

19101900 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Wt i ?During an EarthquakE You ShoulD:

If y is, drop t cover sttbl t t. Hold on t t st pt tl ts stps.

Sy f ims h f ij y, sc swws, fplcs t.

Sy isi. y b j b b lss llbjcts ts.

If y h s, wk high g w t c s s s t s s t .

If y iig, m y s t t ltfc ptt s pssbl s t s s. St w stcts bjcts tt cl ll , sc s

bs, psss, lt psts, pw ls ts. Sts c.

If y i h mis, stbl slps, b f fig ks, s, sis tt cl bls b t tq.

aftEr an EarthquakE You ShoulD:

evacuate if y i tSunaMI HaZar d Zone.Wll t s s s t s s t s. d

wt fcl tfct. St w t cst t

fcls pt t t.

chk for injuris. do not move seriously-injure personlss t t .

chk f hzs sc s fs, s ls, w tltls ll bjcts.

c pttll l tl splls.

expt aftrshoks. aftershocks following lrge erthqukecn be lrge n mging.

Copyright 2009, Humboldt Earthquake EducationCenter at Humboldt State University. Reproduction bypermission only.

Dsclamer This document is intended to promoteearthquake and tsunami readiness. It is based on the bestcurrently available scientic, engineering, and sociologicalresearch; following its suggestions, however, does notguarantee the safety of an individual or of a structure.The writers, contributors, and sponsors of this handbookassume no liability for death, injuries, property damage,or other effect of an earthquake or tsunami.

Prepared by the Humboldt Earthquake Education Centerand the Redwood Coast Tsunami Work Group (RCTWG),in cooperation with the California Earthquake Authority(CEA), California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA),Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), CaliforniaGeological Survey (CGS), Department of Interior UnitedStates Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanographicand Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National WeatherService, with contributions from many members of theRedwood Coast Tsunami Work Group. The Redwood CoastTsunami Work Group is a member of the Earthquake CountryAlliance, a statewide alliance of alliances linking the publicinformation efforts of organizations and individuals thatprovide earthquake information and services in California.

Wrters Lori Dengler, Mark Hemphill-Haley, VernonFelton, Allison Monro (Humboldt State University),and Judy Warren (American Red Cross)

Producton HSU Marketing & CommunicationsDesgn Kristen Stegeman-GouldWeb desgn Matt HodgsonPhotography Kellie Jo Brown and Jarad Petroske

Cbs Yvonne Everett, Greg Crawford hmbdSe uvesy; Troy Nicolini noaa nWS; Vicki Ozakiredwd n d Se Ps; Linda Nellist, JudyWarren amec red Css; Jim Goltz, Greg RenickC EMa; Johanna Fenton fEMa; Rick Wilson, Jim FallsCgS; Ivan Wong, Keith Knudsen urS Cp; EddieBernard noaa PMEl; Jay Love Deeb; Mary LouZoback rs Meme Ss; Stuart NishenkoPg&E; Mark Benthien Se C EeCee; Carol Prentice, Brian Atwater uSgS; RichardMcCarthy, Robert Anderson C Sesmc SeyCmmss; Alan Winogradov De ne Cy;Labecca Nessier Y tbe; Shirley Laos tddrce; Dan Larkin hmbd Cy Sesoce oES; Kathy Moley Pcc Wesed assces;Walter Dudley uvesy hw h; ChrisNance, Rolf Erikson C Ee ay

Special thanks to the Southern California EarthquakeCenter and members of the 1906 Earthquake CentennialAlliance for the Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety andadditional materials adapted from the Putting DownRoots in Earthquake Countryseries.

illustrators and Photographers Kellie Brown (cover,p. 2, 3, 4-5, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 31), Edna Garrett courtesyPeter Palmquist collection (p.8, 11); Kevin Bayless (p. 8);Tom Lisle (p. 10); Clark Museum (p. 10); Karl Steinbrugge 1(p. 10); Stephen Mahin1 (p. 11); Ross Boulanger (p. 11); SmithCollection Pacic Tsunami Museum (p. 12); Jose Borrero

(p. 12); Reuters (p.12); Photoduck (p.12); Jarad Petroske(p. 15), Victor Kaistrenko (p. 16); Guy Gelfenbaum (p. 17);Cal EMA (p. 25); San Leandro EQ Retrot Program (p. 24);Todd Connor (p. 20, 21, 27); USGS (p. 6, 7, 9, 13, 17); RCTWG 2

(p. 15); Lori Dengler (p. 16); NOAA PMEL (p. 17); Josh Jackson(p. 17); Zeke Smith (p. 18-19); Ann Elliot Cutting (p. 26);American Red Cross (p. 29)

1 Courtesy of the National Information Service for Earthquake

Engineering, EERC, University of California, Berkeley

2 Evacuation map based on relative hazard maps by Jay Patton

and Lori Dengler

Dedcaton To the memory of Rolf Erickson, whosetireless work promoting earthquake preparedness hasmade our generation of Californians safer.

y Can Pp tnxt Q TsSome PeoPLe Think t s t wt pp tq ts

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northErn California EarthquakES SinCE 1900 MagnituDE 6 or largEr

Introduction

W D i D? 3

aswe tese qess 4

Earthquakes

Y lve Ee Cy 6

hsc Ees 8

types Ees 9

Ee Dme 10

Tsunamis

W s tsm? 12

hw kw

tsm s Cm? 14

2004 id oce tsm 16

Seven Steps That May Save Your Life

Befe n Ehquke-PrEParE

Sep 1: idey hzds 20

Sep 2: Cee Dsse Pepedess P 22Sep 3: Pepe Dsse ks 23

Sep 4: idey & fx Weesses 24

Duing n Ehquke-ProtECt

Sep 5: Pec Yse D Ee 25

afe n Ehquke-rECovEr

Sep 6: Evce necessy

Cec ijes & Dme 26

Sep 7: fw Y Ee P 28

Insurance and Recovery

is as Ee d tsm Dme 30

recve fm B oe 31

CttsEarthquakes of magnitude (M) 6 and larger since 1900 located inCalifornia north of Santa Rosa and in the adjacent off-shore area.


3/17


4/17


PlatE tECtoniCS

If our planet were the size of an egg,

the earths outermost layer would

be about as thick as the eggshell.

This shell is broken into several

pieces called plates, which move

about as fast as your ngernails

grow. A plate boundary is where

one plate meets another. A triple

junction is an area where three

plates or plate boundaries meet.

The vast majority of the worlds

earthquakes occur at or near the

boundaries between plates. The

most seismically active plate

boundaries are collision zones

where one plate dives beneath an

adjacent plate in a process known as

subduction. Northwestern California

is located on top of one of these

zones known as the Cascadia

subduction zone.

our faultS

Faults are weak zones in the earths

crust where the rock on one side

has moved relative to the other

side. Some faults, like the San

Andreas, are vertical and the two

sides move horizontally like cars

on a freeway. Thrust faults slope

like a ramp and the rock above the

fault is pushed up and over the

rock below. The largest faults on

earth are thrust faults in subduction

zones. An earthquake is caused

when the rock miles below the

earths surface breaks along the

fault and the two sides suddenly

slip in a process called fault rupture.

The larger the rupture area, the

larger the earthquake. The rupture

begins many miles beneath the

earths surface. The epicenter is

the location on the ground surface

directly above the point where the

rupture starts.

y L etq CtCls st tqs t pst 150 s,

sc s t 1906 S Fcsc tq, cc

lts t S as lt sst. Wl w t s

t S as ts, t t ssc

s, s cpbl pc tqs s l l

s t 1906. nt t mc tpl jct

ls t 700 l l Csc sbct z, bl

cpbl pc t (M)9 tqs. Flts

ntst Cl sw c pst tq

t M 7 .

norThern CaLiFornia iS t st btl plcs

t ut Stts t l wt ts ts,

cst tc sts. T lc cs tt

t spctcl plc t l ls t t st

tq-p spts t cttl ut Stts. Fcs

p wt t t l b t slbs t

ts t sc t ct t Cst rs, t Tt

alps, t mc Plt t h Csc lcs.

hw ssl ct pct

w qcl c t xt l nt

Cl tq s ll tt wt w

w wll pp t tbl. Ts b

wll lp pcsl tt.

all arEaS of northErn California havE ExPEriEnCED EarthquakES

in thE PaSt anD Will Do So again in thE futurE

CaSCaDia SuBDuCtion zonE ey700-me pe bdy wee egd d J de fc pes de beee n amec pe. te M 91700Cscd eqke key ped ey700 mes e m Cpe Medc vce isd, Cd.

CoaStal onShorE faultS e s csed by e gd pe s sped bee e n amec pe. BaSin anD rangE e

ce s.

MoDoC PlatEau e ce csm d s.

MEnDoCino triPlE JunCtion e ewee e gd, Pcc d n amecpes mee; e e ms sesmcyce es e ce u.S.

San anDrEaS fault SYStEM e 800-me bdy beweee Pcc d n amecpes. te M 7.81906 eqkeped 250 mes e m S Cz See Ce.

NORTH A MER ICA N PLATE

J UA N DE FUCA

PLA TE

GORDAPLATE

PA C I F IC PL A TE

PlatE MotionS loaD thE faultS

Three plates meet on Californias North Coast at the Mendocino triple junction. To the

north of the triple junction, the Gorda plate is pulled to the northeast beneath the North

American plate at a few inches per year. To the south of the triple junction the Pacic plate

grinds to the northwest past the North American plate at a similar speed.

mt #1 ies bec ppey ned d azDespite Hollywood special effects, California will not fall into the ocean. Earthquakesactually help keep the land above sea level. If it werent for the uplift associated with them,all of the continental land masses would have been leveled just about to sea level long ago.

The 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake uplifted a 15-mile stretch of coast about four feet.


5/17


Notable earthquakesJanuary 26, 1700 Cascadia subduction zone M 9tq

pt Cp mc t vc islbs

nt ac l nt ac l st .

Jps cts scb s t s tss

cts t s t Pcc.

April 18, 1906 San Andreas ault M 7.8 tq pt

St C t Slt C, t lst nt Cl

tq t pst 200 s. ot cll t S Fcsc

tq, t cs j t cstl cts s

t s hblt ws lt tt t stt.

June 6, 1932 Gorda plate ault M 6.4 tq ct

act cs s t hblt B

ll w e w c b

bl cllps .

December 21, 1954 Coastal onshore ault M 6.5 tq

lct btw Bl L Wllw C cs

t hblt B ll kbl.

November 8, 1980 Gorda plate ault M 7.2 tq lct

s T cs w pss t cllps,

ssl j sx ppl t b. $2

ll ppt s; lt e, o t S

Fcsc wst n.

hoW Big iS Big?

Magnitude is one way to measure the size of a

earthquake. Each unit of magnitude correspond

to about 32 times more energy released. An M

earthquake releases 32 times more energy than a

M 6, and about 1000 times more than M 5. Both th

area affected by the earthquake and how long th

shaking lasts increase with magnitude. An M 4 w

be felt only close to the epicenter and will last

few seconds. An M 7will be felt by people hundred

of miles away and last 20 seconds or longer.

Intensity is another way to estimate earthquak

size. It measures how strongly the groun

shakes in a particular location. If you fe

an earthquake, you can help determine th

intensity by reporting your observations

ee.ss./ecee/dy

W etqs h occ t Pst, T Wll hpp a

The Size, LoCaTion w t tqs cc

ct wt t xpct t t. Sc t -

1800s, l 40 tqs M 6 l cc

Cl t St rs jct s s.

nt ll tqs tt ct nt Cl

ct . gt tqs l t 1964 M 9.2 als

tq t tss tt c t cst.

Tps etqsOffshore earthquakesmore Than TWo-ThirdS l stc tqs

b lct s lts wt t g plt

l t mc lt. Fttl ts

tqs b t s t cs .

hw 13 w cls t t cst t c w

cs bls. F s tqs

M 7 l, ts ws b ss.

Onshore earthquakesT st nt Cl tqs t

pst ct w cs b lts s. etqs s

sll s M 5 c cs t cls t pplt

s. T lts tt t tt

cpbl pc tqs t M 7 .

rECEnt EarthquakES Dont tEll thE WholE StorY

The rst seismographs were installed in California just over 100 years ago and

written records only go back as far as the mid-1800s. For evidence of earlier

earthquakes, scientists look for geologic clues such as surface fault rupture

and tsunami deposits, oral history of native peoples and written records from

distant areas that were affected by a Northern California-generated tsunami.

The study of ancient earthquakes is called paleoseismology.

mt #2Sm Eqkes Pee B oes

m hppe

Small earthquakes release very little energy compare

to large ones. To equal the release of energy of a

M 9earthquake, we would need about 2000 M

earthquakes every year for 500 years! This is mo

than ve moderate earthquakes every day.

April 26-27, 1992 Mendocino triple junction area M 7.2, 6.7,

6.6 tqs cs s js, lsls,

j t bls st hblt Ct.

T sc tq cs tt st Scts

bsss stct. Cstl plt pc sll ts

tt ws c s w s hw. $66 ll

s; lt st o t Sls r.

September 21, 1993 Basin and Range ault Tw M 6

tqs ct klt Flls st o

t 1,000 bls. Tw ppl , $7.5

ll s; lt tt St o

nt Cl.

September 1, 1994 Mendocino ault M 7 ct 90 ls

s Cp mc. n ; lt Sto t S Fcsc cs tll bls t

sw Sct. a t-c ts ws c

Csct Ct.

June 15, 2005 Gorda plate ault M 7.2 ct 100 ls

s e. n ; lt ltl St

o t S Fcsc. a ts w ws ss

t uS Wst Cst t-c ts ws bs

t Csct Ct.

Bricks rom the same building ell during the April 1992

earthquake. The building has now been replaced by a

wooden structure.

Northern Caliornia earthquakes between 1970 and 2009

Ferndale ater the 1906 earthquake.

The Big One The Cascadia subduction zoneT wls lst lts ssct wt sbct

s pc tqs t M9 ! T l

t tq t Csc sbct z cc

1700, lttl 300 s . glsts

c t lst 13 t Csc tqs

t pst 7,000 s stt t cc l

t tls w btw 200 800 s. T

Csc tq b sl t t tq

tt st t 2004 i oc ts. it cl c

st s nt Cl t st

C lst ts l. it wll ls p

ts tt cl ct t l cst, bt t

cts tt t Pcc bs.


6/17


damage in earThQuakeS s l t s. hw

stl t ss ptcl lct s slt

tq t, t stc w t tq

sc, t tt tp lt t, t tp

tl sc s bc st sl. a tt

t s stl tq b sl ct

t. all s nt Cl xpc

st s t pst wll t t.

g s c cs pl-blt stcts t cllps.

i Cl, w bl cs cl ssc

s qts t 75 s, t st ll

slt s s ll ts wt s

bssss. Lts, tls sts, bsls, cpb

ctts t bjcts c tppl j !

y bsss scp j t

xt nt Cl tq, bt w pw

ls, bs b wt ls wll spt

stct cl slt t , t w

c. T cts t w t pl t s tt

wll c lsss. F t w c

pp ps 18-25.

Hazardous material releasesChemicals, pesticides and other hazardous materials can be released

when industrial plants, laboratories and other facilities are damaged in

an earthquake. Oil was released when these tanks failed during the 1983

M 6.5Coalinga earthquake.

Landslides

Earthquakes can trigger landslides that damage roads, buildings, pipelines and other infrastructure.

Northern California has steep slopes underlain by loose rock that is highly susceptible to landslides.

Landslides may temporarily dam rivers and cause a destructive ood hazard when the rivers break

through. The Navarro River in this photo was temporarily dammed by a landslide in 1995.

Destructive FiresEarthquakes and tsunamis are often followed by res because gas lines

may break, electrical shorts cause sparks, damaged water tanks and

broken pipes limit water for re ghting, and damaged roads prevent

re ghter access. The 1964 tsunami caused this re in Crescent City that

burned for three days.

Damaged infrastructureEarthquakes often damage roads, which can hinde r rescue and recovery

efforts and may cause accidents. Ruptured pipelines result in water loss

and can cause sinkholes that undermine roads and buildings. Damage

to gas and electrical systems can cause res, as well as major service

outages. This Highway 101 overpass south of Eureka collapsed in the

November 1980 M 7.2 earthquake.

LiquefactionStrong ground shaking can cause loose soil and ll to behave like a

liquid. Liqueed ground loses its strength causing slumps and fractures

that can disrupt roads, and cause buried gas and water lines to break.

This hazard is greatest in saturated low-lying areas of loose, sandy

soils or poorly compacted ll. The photo was taken shortly after the

1906 earthquake and shows liquefaction-caused slope failures on the

banks of the Eel River.

Dam failuresEarthquake shaking and fault rupture c an cause dams to fail, potentially

causing catastrophic downstream ooding, reduced water supply and

contamination. This photo shows the failure of the Shihkang Dam, the

largest concrete gravity dam in Taiwan, caused by the 1999 M 7.6Chi

Chi, Taiwan earthquake.

Surface ruptureFault movements can break the ground surface, damaging buildings and

other structures and breaking pipe lines. This track at a high school in

Taiwan was deformed when a thrust fault ruptured the ground in 1999.

mst etq d sCs b S...

Earthquakes also cause damage in other ways

mt #3te gd W Cck ope d Sww Y up

The opening of great, yawning chasms that may swallow houses and

people only occurs in ction. Though some ssures may be produced

on earthquake-triggered landslides, the earths pressure is too great

to allow ground cracks associated with faulting to open up.


7/17


Tss st cl cs b t qs, bt

ls b t b lsls, sb lcc

pts , l, t pcts.

n tw tss l . Sts t l l slp

ts wt t ts t s s l

f, sll c wt bs.

L tss c ts 20 t 50 t l

t cst , slt s, . T st

ts s s t t st. i nt Cl,

t lst s cc s t t tl w.

Ts ws ss ct t

t s l. it s t s t ppc t cst

tl cls pt t t.

T t btw w ss ts

t . it s t pssbl t pct w

ss w c t wll lps btw ws.

T s t tst s t bc lw-l

cstl s. ol l cstl s s ts

ll t ptt t t tw ls l.

ot t st s ts s sl lw

c wt, xps t s f. Ts ww

lws s tt t wt wll s bc stl.

nt ll tss pc b wt lws

l st s tt ts

w s b ss, ct t cst tl

t wt t s t wt pll bc.

Wt s TSunami?A tsunami (soo-nah-me) is a series of waves or surges that is most oftencaused by earthquake fault movement beneath the sea oor.

TSunamiS Can CauSe t lss l ppt cstl s. v l tss c

cs t cstl s tss ls w t tqk tt cs t.

Tt- tss b c t nt Cl cst sc 1933. mst w sll,

bt cs . T st ws cs b ts t b t M 9.2 1964 als

tq. it f 29 blcks Csct Cts wtt, bs pt clts s

st s St Cz, cs 12 ts Cl .

1946haWaii The tsunami surge approaching

Coconut Island in Hilo, Hawaii looked like a

sloping mountain o water.

2004inDonESia In Banda Aceh the water

was choked with debris.

2004 thailanD When the water rushed in, it

looked like a river in food.

2004thailanD In Phuket, the tsunami began as

a withdrawal o the ocean water that exposed

hundreds o eet o the sea foor.

1 Gravity pulls the offshore Gorda and Juan de Fuca platesbeneath the North American Plate. Most of the time the

two plates are rmly stuck together along the boundary

(red zone).

2 Over time, the North American plate is squeezed andbulges up as the Gorda plate slowly moves beneath it.

3 Eventually the stuck area can no longer resist thesqueezing and breaks along the boundary, causing a

large earthquake. Like a spring, the overriding North

American Plate jumps upward and seaward, lifting the

water above it. A tsunami is born.

4 The water bulge divides and sends waves both easttowards the coast and west into the Pacic. The rst

waves reach nearby shores only minutes after the

earthquake. The other set of waves may still be large

enough to damage distant coastal areas ma ny hours later.

Tsunami Facts

HOW TSUNAMIS ARE FORMED

NORTHAMERICANPLATE

GordaPlatestuck

slowdistortion

Tsunamiwaves spread

Earthquake starts tsunami

Sc ps,releasing energy

in an earthquake


8/17


Ferndale

Trinidad

McKinleyville

Manila

Samoa

Fairhaven

King Salmon

FieldsLanding

Loleta

Ferndale

F

ValleyWest

a

ek

2 mi

Natural WarningsSTrong ground Shaking, l c , t wt

c sll xps t s f ll ts

ws tt ts b c. i bs

ts w ss, tl wl t

l. a ts wt ts

ss ct t s l. St w

cstl s tl cls pt t t.

Ofcial Warningsy b t tt Ts W s b ss

Tv, stts, -t- ctct b c

sps, noaa wt s, s css, b

t ss cts pls. m

w t bc s t without using

a phone. T t lcl tls stts

t. Fllw t cts c psl

w s t ct lw-l cstl s.

natural anD of fiCial WarningS arE EquallY iMPortant.

rESPonD to WhiChEvEr You hEar or oBSErvE firSt!

hw Wll i kw Ts s C?You may nd out that a tsunami is coming in two ways:

i t bc l tq, tt

w sll, l t tl.

i t lw-l s, COUNTw l t tq

lsts. i ct 20 scs st

s lct ts z z,

ct s s s t s s t s.

GO ON FOOT. rs bs b b

st s. a w pw lss

t c w t t . i

ct s pssbl, t t pp f st

bl clb tbt l s lst st.

How Do I Know if an Earthquake is Big Enough to Cause a Tsunami?

mt #4a tsm s Ses ume

B We

TSUNAMIS ARE NOT SURFABLE. If

youre a surfer, you know how little

control you have if your board is in

whitewater. A tsunami has no face, so

theres nothing for a surfboard to grip.

The water isnt clean, but is lled with

everything dredged up from the sea

oor and the land the wave runs over

including, garbage, parking meters,

pieces of buildings, and dead animals.

You cant dive beneath the wave because

the entire water column is in motion,

not just the top few feet. You cant exit

the wave either, because the trough

behind may be 100 or more miles away,

and all that water is moving towards

you. Big-wave riders should save their

talentsand their livesfor big waves

that are generated by large storms.

offiCial WarningS froM tSunaMi Warning CEntErS

Tsunami warning systems detect earthquakes large enough to cause

a tsunami and send warning bulletins before the waves arrive so that

local authorities can evacuate vulnerable populations.The United States

operates two tsunami warning centers: the Pacic Tsunami Warning

Center in Hawaii covers Hawaii, the U.S. Pacic territories, and provides

guidance to many other countries. The West Coast Alaska Tsunami

Warning Center (WCATWC) has the responsibility of warning Canada

and the rest of the United States, including California. WCATWC has

access to tide gauges, deep ocean water level sensors and a globalnetwork of seismographs that can locate and estimate the size of large

earthquakes anywhere in the Pacic basin in less than 15 minutes.

Tsunami warnings are most effective when the tsunami source is more

than 1000 miles away such as Alaska, Japan, or Chile. If the earthquake

is located on a local fault such as the Cascadia subduction zone, there

is too little time for WCATWC to get a warning to you. Strong ground

shaking that lasts a long time or ot her natural warning signs will be your

only warning. Know what areas are hazardous and immediately head to

high ground or inland away from the coast.

Based on earthquake size and location, the WCATWC will issue bulletins

corresponding to the relative tsunami threat:

tsm W: A signicant tsunami is considered imminent

the rst waves are expected within three hours or less. If you hear

that a warning has been issued, leave the beach or harbor areas

and get more information. Follow the instructions of local ofcials

about what areas need to be evacuated.

tsm Wc: A tsunami may have been generated but the threatis uncertain and the rst wave arrival is at least three hours away.

Stay alert for more information. A watch may be upgraded to a

warning as more information becomes available.

tsm adsy: No signicant ooding is expected but vulnerable

harbor areas like Crescent City may be damaged by strong water

currents. Authorities may request you to leave beaches and harbors.

tsm im: There is no tsunami risk. The bulletin is

issued for information purposes only. Relaxno action is needed.

For more information, visit wcwc....

What if I am Outside the Map Area?

g t 100 t b s ll

tw ls l, w t cst.

i ct t ts , s s

pssbl. e t l pws

c c.

Dont hEaD toWarDS thE CoaSt if You havE hEarD that

a tSunaMi Warning haS BEEn iSSuED. You will put yourself in danger andmake it more difcult for the people who need to evacuate.

SaMoa, CaResidents practice tsunami

evacuation in an annual drill.

Ts ect mpsAll o Caliornias coast is being mapped or tsunami hazards. Contact yourcounty Ofce o Emergency Services to see what inormation is availableor your area. The map below is an example rom Humboldt County.

tSunaMi EvaCuation arEa

Humboldt Bay Region

hoW to uSE thiS MaP

Locate where you live, work and play. If you are in

the yellow area, evacuate by foot immediately

after feeling a large earthquake. Use this map to

guide you to the grey safe areas. If you are in a

grey zone, stay where you are you are not atrisk of a tsunami.

Evacuation maps are for emergency

planning and response and are not

intended for any other purposes. They are

based on the best, currently available data

and are subject to change and updates.


9/17


700 miles 700 miles

Lessons from the Simeulue Islanders

L s sll ll Sl isl t cst

St. T tq bls t

tw t st ts s l t ts

t t tq s b. T ss w 30

t st bl t tw.

Not a single man, woman or child in Langi was killed.

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itt tclcl w sst. Bt t ppl

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t s tss t t t xt. i t

ss stl t ,

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cts t wl t ll t sc p t t ct

bt 90 t b t ll, w t sts

sppls tp bl tls. gt tss

Sl t lst l ts cc

1907. L tqs c is st

t pc tss. Sl isls cs

tq pptt t pctc t ct slls

wt t pcs ts t.

The greaT indoneSia tqk dcb 26, 2004 t wl w t stct pw tss.

T M 9.2 tq tt cs t ts pt t 900 ls t St-a sbct z.

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ts t t tq. it t 15 ts t st ws t t t St, bt tw s t c S

L Tl. T ws w stll l t cs ac bt s s t t tq. T

ts t cstls 14 cts ll t lst 227,000 ppl. Fw ppl i oc cts w

w tss t tl w ss, t ws ts w sst t w pplts

t sc t p ws.

Ghost orests are caused by great subduction zone

earthquakes when rupture causes land to abruptly drop

down, exposing the tree roots to salt water. The trees

above in Indonesia were killed by the 2004 earthquake

which lowered the ground level several eet.

2004SuMatra Above Langi village was completely

destroyed by the 2004 tsunami. Below Four months later,

a new house has been built on the damaged oundations.

Let Rupture zone o the 1700 Cascadia earthquake

Right Rupture zone o the 2004 Indonesian earthquake

The Red Cedar trees along the Copalis River in

Washington State met a similar ate over 300 years

ago when the last great Cascadia earthquake occurred.

thE 2006 kuril iSlanDS tSunaMi

On November 15, 2006, an M 8.3 earthquake occurred in the Kuril

Islands north of Japan. It generated a moderate tsunami that traveled

outward from the source region and across the Pacic basin. More than

8 hours after the earthquake, the rst surge reached Crescent City. This

tsunami was very different from the Indian Ocean tsunami. It produced

extremely strong currents, breaking and damaging docks. The costs to

repair the damage are estimated at over $20 million.

The 2006 tsunami didnt look like a wave. It looked like a rising and

lowering tide and, at its peak, like a rushing river within the harbor.

All of the damage was done by strong currents. The tsunami water

height never exceeded the high tide level.

Most people in the harbor didnt realize that a tsunami was more

than one surge and were very surprised that the strongest currents

occurred several hours after the rst wave.

T 2004 i oc Ts

Why Northern Californians should be interestedin the Indian Ocean tsunami:

nt Cl s lct l sbct ts tp lc stt s t st i oc.

T lst t tq t Csc sbct

z cc J 26, 1700, ws l t

s sz s t 2004 is tq. it pc

ts tt ct t ppls t

Cl t vc isl, C cs

Jp t 48 00 ls w.

Above right Modeled peak water heights rom the

2006 Kuril Islands tsunami. The shape o the

sea oor ocuses energy at Caliornias North Coast.

Below right All the damage to Crescent City Harbors small

boat basin was caused by strong currents and occurred

more than two hours ater the frst tsunami wave arrived.


10/17

StEP 1iDEntifY hazarDS

1 Know whether you live, work or play in atsunami hazard zone.

2 Hang plants in lightweight pots withclosed hooks, well secured to a joist orstud and far away from windows.

3 Store re extinguisher (type ABC) in easilyaccessible location.

4 Install strong latches on kitchen cabinets.

5 Use exible connections where gas linesmeet appliances.

6 Remove or lock refrigerator wheels,secure to studs.

7 Keep several ashlights in easilyaccessible places around the house.

8 Secure valuable electronics items such ascomputers and televisions.

9 Keep breakables in low or secure cabinetswith latches.

J Move heavy plants and other large itemsto oor or low shelves.

K Hang mirrors and pictures on closed hooks.

L Secure free-standing woodstove orreplace insert.

M Keep heavy unstable objects away fromdoors and exit routes.

N Place bed away from windows or itemsthat may fall.

O Secure knick knacks and other smallvaluables with museum putty.

P Brace overhead light xtures.

Q Place only light weight/soft items over bed.

R Secure top-heavy furniture to studs.

S Keep wrench or turn-off tool in waterproof wrap near gas meter.

T Know the location of your main electricalswitch (fuse box or circuit breaker).

Secure water heater with metal strapsattached to studs.

Trim hazardous tree limbs.

StEP 2CrEatE a Plan

Have your emergency plan accessibleand discuss with all family members.

StEP 3PrEParE DiSaStEr kitS

Obtain a NOAA Weather Radio withthe Public Alert feature to notify you otsunamis and other hazards.

Keep an emergency backpack with copieof important documents near the door tgrab and go.

Keep ashlight, slippers and gloves nexto beds.

Keep gas tank at least half full.

Store emergency food and water suppliin a dry accessible area. Include rst aidextra cash, portable radio, extra batteriemedications and other necessary suppli

StEP 4StrEngthEn Your hoME

Use anchor bolts every 4 to 6 feet tosecure home to foundation.

Reinforce brick chimneys.

1

2

3

4

6

5

7

7

8 8

J

9 L N

M

KO

QP

R

S

T

S Stps Tt m S y L


Start Here!

BEforE an EarthquakE or tSunaMiPrEParE

1. Identify hazards (see illustration below and page 20)

2. Create a disaster preparedness plan (page 22)

3. Prepare disaster kits (page 23)

4. Identify weaknesses (page 24)

During thE EarthquakEProtECt

5. Pro tect yourself during an earthquake (pag e 26)

aftEr thE EarthquakErECovEr

6. Evacuate if necessaryche ck for injuries anddamage (page 27)

7. Follow your plan (page 28)

earThQuakeS and TSunamiS tbl bt t

s t t tq t Csc sbct

. mst lss c b c b stps

t b, , t. T s stps tt llw

cl cts t p l s s, c

pttl c qcl. Ts stps sl

ls b llw scls, wplcs, t clts.

B llw t, ctlss cslts c b

lls lls s.

Ppt s t t s ssttt c s

clbt w sl stt? Stt b tltl t

l, s, bs c-ws bt wt

l ts b bt tqs

tss nt Cl. T scss wt

t pp tt pl xt stps.

m ppl wl b t pspct tl

sst , s slt, t pp t ll. d t ll t tt

tp. y c stt t b llw ts s stps.

vst earthquakecountry.org stcts scs.

thirty SuGGeStionS to make your home earthquake SafeConnect these actions with their locations in the house below.


11/17


HangIng objectS

Place only soft art above beds and sofas.

Hang mirrors and pictures on closed hooks.

Brace overhead light xtures.

objectS on open SHelveS and tabletopS

Hold small valuables in place with removable putty,museum wax, or quake gel.

Add lips to shelves to prevent costly items from sliding.

Move heavy objects and breakables to lower shelves.

FurnIture

Store heavy and breakable items onlower shelves.

Secure tall furniture to wall studswith lag bolts.

Water and gaS pIpeS

Evaluate, replace and properly secure rustedor worn pipes.

Replace rigid gas connections with exiblestainless steel gas connections.

Water HeaterS

Anchor to wall studs or masonry withmetal straps and lag screws.

Install exible (corrugated) copperwater connectors.

garageS and utIlIty rooMS

Move ammable or hazardous materialto low cabinets that are securely latched.

Ensure that items stored above or besidevehicle cannot fall.

KItcHenS

Install strong latches on cabinet doors.

Secure refrigerators and major appliances.HoMe and oFFIce electronIcS

Secure televisions, computers, sound systemsand other electronics with exible nylonstraps and buckles.Wood StoveS

Anchor stove feet by bolting to oor or creatingbrick and mortar bracing to keep stove from sliding.Note: anchors must not conduct heat.

Brace stove pipes.

above ground propane tanKS

Propane tanks can be anchored by mountingthe tank on a continuous concrete pad andbolting the four legs to the pad.

START NOW by determining if you live,work or play in a tsunami hazard zone

kw s. us ss ps t t

wc s zs. n ss ps

? o t p cst s 100 t

lt lw s t tw

ls l s.

identify Potential earthquake and tSunami hazardS and beGin to fix them

The FirST STeP t tq ts st s t cz zs. L

wplc t bjcts tt t ll st s. atl

t, cl w-t stcts, s lbl t earthquakecountry.org

lcl ac r Css c.

START NOW by identifying items that may fall, topple, or slide. Secure potentially

hazardous and valuable items.


12/17


Create a diSaSter PreParedneSS Plan PrePare diSaSter SuPPly kitSStep

plan noW to be SaFe durIng an eartHquaKe

q Practice DROP, COVER, and HOLD ON (see step 5, page 26).

q Identify safe spots in every room, such as under sturdy desksand tables.

q Learn how to protect yourself no matter where you are whenan earthquake strikes.

plan noW to reSpond aFter an eartHquaKe or tSunaMI

q Get a re extinguisher for your home and learn how to use it properly.

q Teach everyone in your household to use emergency whistles andto knock three times repeatedly if trapped.

q Identify family members or neighbors with special needs such asmedications, special diets and wheelchairs.

q Take a Red Cross First Aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) class or refresher course.

q Know the location of utility shut-offs and keep needed toolsnearby. Only turn off the gas if you smell or hear leaking gas.Only the gas company should turn the gas back on.

q Install smoke alarms and check them monthly. Change batteriesonce a year or whenever you hear a chirping sound.

q Work with your neighbors to identify people who have skills andresources useful in an emergency.

q Know the tsunami hazard zones in your community and how to getto safe areas.

q Recognize the w ss of a tsunamistrong groundshaking, water receding unusually far, and/or a loud roar fromthe oceanand make sure everyone in your family knows toimmediately evacuate if they are in a hazard zone.

q Know how you may be notied if a tsunami warning is issued.

Consider a NOAA Weather Radio with the Public Alert feature ifyou live or work in a tsunami hazard zone.

q If a tsunami warning is issued, get off the beach and tune in to yourradio or television for further instructions on what to do.

q Is there a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) in your area? Ifnot, go to czecps./ce and nd out how to start one.

plan noW to coMMunIcate and recover aFter an

eartHquaKe or tSunaMI

q Select a safe place outside of your home to meet your family orhousemates after the shaking stops.

q Identify an out-of-the area contact person to call who can relayinformation to other friends and family.

q Provide all family members with a current list of importantcontact telephone numbers.

q Determine where you might stay if your home cannot be occupiedafter an earthquake or tsunami.

q Ask about your childrens school or day care emergency responseplans. Keep emergency release information current.

q Talk to your insurance agent about your coverage for earthquakeand tsunami losses.

q Make copies of important documents such as identication, deeds,insurance policies and nancial records in a secure, waterproofcontainer. Include a household inventory of your belongings.

WiLL everyone in sl w wt t

t lt s st tq w ts

w s b ss? d w w t t tc

wt c t tws? B t xt tq

ts, talk t l, sts c-ws

plan wt c ps wll b, t.

Ater the shaking stops or the waves recede, power, utilities,

communication systems and roads may be out, res and

chemical spills may occur, or you may be separated rom

children, pets and other amily members. B pl w,

wll b . Pl tqs tss

wll ls pp t qt cs

sc s sts, s, f.

everyone ShouLd have psl sst sppl ts.

kp t w sp st t, s t c

b c bl s t

qcl ct t ts z z. kp

home, t car, t t t work.

perSonal/oFFIce dISaSter Supply KIt

q Medications, prescription list, copies of medical cards, doctorsnames and contact information

q Medical consent forms for dependents and copies of personalidentication

q First aid kit and handbook

q Non-latex gloves, dust masks

q Spare eyeglasses or contactlenses and cleaning solution

q Whistle (to alert rescuers toyour location)

q Sturdy shoes, change of clothes,blanket

q Emergency cash ( ATMs requirepower and might not work)

q Local road maps

q List of emergency out-of-area contact phone numbers

q Bottled water, snack foods high in water and calories

q Flashlight with extra batteries and light bulbs

q Comfort items such as games, crayons, writing materials,stuffed animals

q Toiletries and personal care supplies

q Extra keys for car, home, ofce, safe deposit box etc.

HouSeHold dISaSter Supply KItSppes es see dys

Store in an easily accessible location, preferably outdoors, in a largewatertight, easily-moved container. Replace perishable items likewater, food, medications and batteries on a yearly basis.

q Water (minimum one gallon a day for each person and pet)

q Wrenches or other special tools to turn off gas and water supplies

q Work gloves and protective goggles

q Heavy duty plastic bags for waste, and to serve as tarps, rainponchos, etc. Include duct tape.

q Portable or hand-cranked radio with extra batteries

q Additional ashlights or light sticks

q Canned and packaged food

q Charcoal or propane for outdoor cooking and matches if needed

q Cooking utensils and a manual can opener

q Pet food, pet carrier and restraints

q Comfortable, warm clothing including extra socks

q Blankets and/or sleeping bags, and perhaps a tentq Copies of vital documents (deeds, insurance, bank accounts etc.)

car dISaSter Supply KIt

Decide what items in your personal kit are absolute necessitiesand add:

q An additional 6-pack of water

q Tire repair kit, booster/jumper cables, pump and ares, whitedistress ag or silver space blanket

q Seasonal supplies: winter (blanket, hat, mittens, shovel, sand,chains, windshield scraper); summer (sunscreen and hat)

Tpa spce be not

only keeps you warm

and dry, its reective

surface can be used to

signal for help.

Store your items in grab-and-go backpacks or small

due bags so you can take them with you i you need to

evacuate. You could be stranded at work or in your ofce;

keep a change o clothes and extra medicines there as well.

Keep a ashlight and a pair o sturdy shoes

secured to each persons bed.


13/17


SPECial ConSiDErationS

Childe

Earthquakes and tsunamis may be traumatic events for all of us. Theyare especially frightening for children who may not understand suchevents and feel anxious and confused. After an earthquake, a childfears reoccurrence and injuries, and b eing separated from other familymembers. Seeing a parent or other adult become frightened adds to achilds anxiety. Repeated aftershocks can increase th ese fears. You canhelp to alleviate your childs fears before the next earthquake.

Talk with children about what might happen during an earthquake ortsunami. Let them ask questions.

Involve children in reducing hazards, putting together an earthquakekit and in developing an earthquake plan. Include emergencyinformation in your childs back pack. Practice family earthquake drills.

AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE

Keep the family together.

Reassure children.

Encourage children to talk or draw pictures about their experience.

Include children in earthquake cleanup and safety activitieswhenever possible and age appropriate.

Take particular care at bedtime. Children may have difcultysleeping, may wake up frequently and/or have nightmares for weeksor months afterwards. Allowing a child to share a room with anotherchild or parents may alleviate these fears.

Fgile, Eldely d Disbled

Persons with any special considerations need to take extra precautions.

Realistically assess your own special needs and those of familymembers and write them down. Include medications and specialequipment such as ventilators and oxygen tanks.

Keep medications, duplicate prescriptions, glasses and any specialequipment in a safe place where they can be easily reached.

Keep a notebook, pencils, a whistle and ashlight in several locationif you have difculty in communicating.

Include supplies for seeing eye, hearing, or companion dogs.

DURING AND AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE

If you are in a wheelchair, lock the wheels of the chair once you arein a safe and protected position.

If unable to move safely and quickly, stay where you are, even in beand cover your head and body with your arms, pillows and blanket

Use your whistle to call for help and signal others if you need it.

To fnd out more about how children and adults react to emergencand how you can help, contact your local mental health departme

Pets d LiestcDont forget your pets in your earthquake and tsunami plan.

Include extra pet food and medications in your disaster kits.

Consider implanting your pet with an identication microchip sothat if you and your pet are separated, you can be easily reunited.

Many emergency shelters dont allow pets. Prepare a list of family,friends and other locations that could shelter your pets in anemergency. Emergency preparedness is particularly importantfor livestock owners because of their food and shelter needs anddifculties in transporting large or numerous animals.

Make sure every animal has durable and visible identication.

Identify alternate water and power sources. A generator with asafely-stored supply of fuel may be essential if you have electricalequipment necessary to the well being of your animals.

If you use heat lamps or other electrical machinery, make sure thewiring is safe and that any heat source is clear of ammable debris.

More tips for livestock owners at: ss./ss_ed/ss_dssecee/esces/dsse_pepedess__esck.m

Pier and post or post and beam foundations

consist of wooden posts on isolated concretefootings, which support the entire structure.

Many homes in rural Northern California

use this foundation system. This type is

particularly vulnerable to the strong side-

to-side shaking from earthquakes. There

is no question that the best foundation to

resist earthquake shaking is a continuous

perimeter foundation, but for many Northern

California residents, the cost of installing such

a foundation is prohibitive.

It is possible, however, to strengthen your pier

and post foundation at relatively low cost.The bracing system pictured here will increase

resistance to lateral forces for your home. The

bracing should be installed around the perimeter

of the structure and, at a minimum, every second

line of interior posts. This type of strengthening

should be considered adequate for short term

stabilization until you are able to install a

permanent, concrete, perimeter system.

Find out more at eecy..

StrEngthEning Your PiEr anD PoSt foun Dation

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sc t sst s t s t. L

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Ask your landlord these questions:

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hs t wt t b stpp t t wll sts?

m i sc t t t wlls?

TsunamisDoes your community:

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pctc ct lls?

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ts z zs ct ts, tc

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t tsunamiready.noaa.gov.i t st, t wt c

t c ct t ts ct.

Cs sc t c lsss tqs

tss. S p 30 t.

identify Potential WeakneSSeS and beGin to fix them


14/17


evaCuate if neCeSSary CheCk for injurieS and damaGe

ProteCt yourSelf durinG an earthquake droP, Cover, and hold on

IndoorS

Drop, cover, and hold on

dp w t t f t c st

s, tbl t t.

hl t t tbl s b pp t wt

tl t pst tl t stps s t

s s t .

I there is no nearby table or desk:

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wws, tll t bcss.

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i ll blt p t,

w , bc sl plc.

a xt wlls, wws, bjcts, s,

tll t, l pplcs, cbts wt

bjcts lss.

do noT go ouTSide WhiLe The ground iS Shaking!

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s lts. d t b sps spl ssts

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t zs.

drIvIng Pll t t s t , stp st t

p b. a psss, bs, pwls, ss

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t ps s t.

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i ct c t st, t lst pt

pp b t st. dt t t l tl t

s stps. T x t slwl, wtc ll bs

t tt cl ll t tscs. St

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IF you are In tHe MountaInS a stbl slps

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EVACUATE if you are in a TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONEF l lcl tq, l st s

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t t s ct s (stp 1). r t p 15

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IS very Strong itl t l bs,

b ts sst t, WaLk t s .IF evacuatIon IS IMpoSSIble g t t pp f st

bl clb t. Ts sl l b lst st.

do not WaIt For an oFFIcIal WarnIng

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sc s stpp bl, sc bt CPr

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t ptt.

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t tl s. Wt

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sss t .

mt #5te te le s e Bes Wy Pec Yse

isde Bd

NOT TRUE. The best survival method inside a building is to dp,

ce d d . The triangle of life advocates that you get next

to a large object rather than crouch beneath a desk or table. This

will expose you to lacerations and crushing injuries from falling

objects and debris. Many reputable scientic, government and relief

organizations have examined the triangle of life and are unanimous

in recommending that you drop, cover and hold on. Find out more at

eqkecy./dpced.

T ps stps cctt tt t xt tq ts.

Wt sl wl t s s?

Tp hw w i w ee sb e cse sm?

Get into the habit of COUNTING how long the earthquake

lasts. If you count 20 seconds or more of very strong shaking

and are in a tsunami hazard zone, evacuate to a safe area as

soon as you can safely walk. Even if you arent in a tsunami

zone, counting is a good ideait will help to keep you calm.


15/17


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pss s ls.

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b splc, st.

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sppls (ps, bttls, bb ), sppls

ll sbl pss

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st b t)

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F t b st ema.gov/about/process.

When Safe, Continue to folloW yourdiSaSter PreParedneSS Plan

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oc t ls t s, ct t llw t pl pp

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Tp J Cmmy Emeecyrespse tem (CErt)

CERT programs will educate you about the hazards in your

area and will train you in basic disaster response skills. Cont act

your local American Red Cross Ofce to nd out about CERT

teams in your area or go to cecp./ce.


16/17


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earthquakecountry.org/roots.

mt #6hmewes isce W Ce ay Dme My hme

Bes Csed by Ee tsm

Most residential property insurance policies do not cover earthquake

or tsunami damage. A separate earthquake insurance policy is one

way to protect your home and the investments you have made inpersonal belongings. The National Flood Insurance program is the

only organization that offers policies to cover ood damages related

to storms or tsunamis. Investigate your options carefully to ensure

that your assets are sufciently protected.

Tp Dont forget your eqke d smedess we y e e dy. Thirty-nine

Americans died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, most of

whom were on vacation in Thailand and Sri Lanka.


17/17

CEA--'Living On Shaky Ground' Magazine--'No. Calif. Edition'--on 'CEA' website--2010

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Transcript of CEA--'Living On Shaky Ground' Magazine--'No. Calif. Edition'--on 'CEA' website--2010