CE8701 ESTIMATION, COSTING AND VALUATION ENGINEERING CIVIL ...

CE8701ESTIMATION,COSTING AND

VALUATIONENGINEERING

CIVILENGINEERING -7TH SEMESTER

UNIT I QUANTITYESTIMATION

TOPIC 1.1 PHILOSOPHY OFQUANTITY ESTIMATION -PURPOSE OF QUANTITYESTIMATION - METHODS OFQUANTITY ESTIMATION -TYPES OF QUANTITYESTIMATES - APPROXIMATEESTIMATES - DETAILEDESTIMATE - ESTIMATION OFQUANTITIES FOR BUILDINGS

1. To make out an estimate for a work thefollowing data are necessary-Drawing,Specification and ___________a) materialsb) rates

c) laboursd) transportation

Answer: bExplanation: The rates per unit of variousitems of work, the rates of various materialsto be used in the construction, and the wagesof different category of labour, skilled orunskilled as mason, carpenter, mazdoor,bhishti etc. available for preparing estimate.

2. _________________ is required forpreliminary studies of various aspects of awork or project.a) Supplementary Estimateb) Plinth Area Estimatec) Revised Estimated) Abstract Estimate

Answer: dExplanation: to decide the financial positionand policy for administrative sanction by thecompetent administrative authority. In case ofcommercial projects as irrigation projects asirrigation projects, residential buildingprojects and similar projects which earnrevenue income, the probable income may beworked out.

3. Approximate cost of a hostel building for100 students @Rs.10000/- per student worksout as Rs. 10 lakhs.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Approx. cost of a bed hospital@ Rs.50000/- per bed comes to Rs.50 lakhs.Approx. cost of a barrack of 10 bays@10000/- per bay comes to Rs.1 lakh.

4. Per kilometre basis depending on thenature of road, for 10 km of a state highwayapprox. cost @ Rs. 50000/- per 1 km worksout as Rs. 5 lakh.a) Trueb) False

Department of Civil Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Downloaded From: https://cse-r17.blogspot.com 1

www.studymaterialz.in

mailto:@Rs.10000/-per

https://cse-r17.blogspot.com

Answer: bExplanation: Per kilometre basis dependingon the nature of road, for 10 km of a statehighway approx. cost @ Rs. 500000/- per 1km works out as Rs. 50 lakh.

5. The approx. cost of 10 km length ofirrigation channel of 3 cu m per sec. capacity@ Rs.70000/- per km works out as Rs.7 lakh.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: For an irrigation project havinga commanded area 2000 hectares, approx.cost @ Rs.1000/- per hectare comes to Rs.20lakhs.

6. Approx. cost of a bridge of 3 spans of 50 meach span @Rs.30000/- per running m ofspan comes to 3*50*30000 = Rs. 45 lakhs.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Per running metre of spandepending on the roadway, nature and depthof foundation, type of structure, etc. For smallculverts approx. cost may also be per numberof culverts of different spans.

7. Approximate cost of sewerage project for apopulation of one Rs. 10/- head works out asRs. 10 lakh.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Approximate cost of sewerageproject for a population of one Rs. 100/- headworks out as Rs. 100 lakhs.

8. Cube rate estimate is less accurate ascompared to the plinth area estimate as theheight of the building is also compared.a) Falseb) True

Answer: bExplanation: Cube rate estimate is mostaccurate as compared to the plinth areaestimate as the height of the building is alsocompared.

9. For storeyed building plinth area estimateis not prepared for each storey separately.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: For storeyed building plintharea estimate is prepared for each storeyseparately.

10. __________ is prepared on the basis ofplinth area of building, the rate beingdeducted from the cost of similar buildinghaving similar specification, heights andconstruction, in the locality.a) Cube Rate Estimateb) Supplementary Estimatec) Maintenance Estimated) Plinth Area Estimate

Answer: dExplanation: Plinth area estimate iscalculated by finding the plinth area of thebuilding and multiplying by the plinth arearate. The plinth area should be calculated forthe covered area by taking external dimensionof the building at the floor level.

11. ________________ is the amountprovided in the estimate and bill of quantitiesfor some specialised work to be done by aspecialised firm; whose details are not knownat the time of preparing estimate.a) Prime costb) Provisional sumc) Capital costd) Building cost index

Answer: bExplanation: The work like installation ofrefrigerating machine; installation of lift, airconditioning, etc., for which full information






and details may not be known at the time ofpreparing estimate and entering into contractand are require to be installed by a specialisedfirm, a sum.

12. In this method approx. total length ofwalls is found in running metre and this totallength multiplied by the rate per runningmetre of wall gives a fairly accurate cost.a) Annual repairb) Item rate estimatec) Approximate quantity method estimated) Cubical content estimate

Answer: cExplanation: For this method the structuremay be divided into two parts viz. Foundationincluding plinth and Superstructure.

13. _______________ estimate is a detailedestimate and is prepared to maintain thestructure or work in proper order and safecondition.a) Supplementary and revised estimateb) Maintenance estimatec) Item rate estimated) Revised estimate

Answer: bExplanation: For building; this includeswhite washing, colour washing, painting,minor repairs etc. For road works the A.R.estimate provides for patch repairing,renewals, repair of culverts, etc.

14. A large work or project may consists ofseveral building or small works and each ofthese work is known as ___________a) sub-workb) sub-projectc) sub-headd) sub-construction

Answer: aExplanation: Detailed estimate of each sub-work is prepared separately and accounts ofexpenditure are kept sub-work wise.

15. The term ______________ is used todenote a procedure of costing or valuing anitem of work on the basis of actual labourersand materials required.a) prime costb) hour-workc) day-workd) sub-work

Answer: cExplanation: Certain items of work whichcannot be measured as- a design in the plasterwork, front architectural finish of a building,work under water, etc. are valued and paid by‘day work’. In such cases the schedule ofrates of materials and different classes oflabourers likely to be engaged in th workshould be included in the tender and incontract agreement.

TOPIC 1.2 BITUMINOUS ANDCEMENT CONCRETE ROADS

1. The surface of the highway pavementshould be designed to allow __________

a) High rolling resistance b) Low rolling resistance c) No rolling resistance

d) Very high rolling resistance

Answer: b Explanation: The surface of highway

pavement should be designed to allow norolling resistance for safety purposes.

2. The soil becomes weak in __________ a) Summer

b) Winter c) Rainy season

d) Spring season

Answer: c Explanation: The soil becomes weak in rainy

season due to the absorption of water in thesoil.





3. The pavement layer is considered superiorif it distributes load like a __________a) Point loadb) Uniformly distributed loadc) Uniformly varying loadd) Triangular load

Answer: aExplanation: The pavement layer isconsidered most superior if it distributes theload equally to all parts of pavement.

4. Which of the following pavement hasgreater life?a) Bituminous pavementsb) Cement concrete pavementsc) Gravel roadsd) Earth roads

Answer: bExplanation: The cement concrete roadshave a greater life than remaining allpavements which may last even up to 100years.

5. Which of the following requirement isgiven most importance in highway design?a) Structuralb) Functionalc) Seasonald) Maintenance

Answer: aExplanation: The structural design likehighway speed, geometric design is given themost importance in design.

6. The surface of the pavement should be__________a) Smoothb) Roughc) Sufficient enough to resist skidd) Very rough

Answer: cExplanation: The surface of the pavementshould be sufficient enough to resist the skidof vehicles by using friction.

7. Rough and uneven roads increase__________a) Vehicle costb) Petrol costc) Accident costd) Vehicle operation cost

Answer: dExplanation: Roughness and uneven roadswill increase the cost of vehicle operation andmaintenance of vehicle cost.

8. The drainage layer is __________a) Surface courseb) Sub basec) Based) Sub grade

Answer: bExplanation: The drainage layer is the subbase layer that is used to collect the waterfrom pavement surfaces to send to groundwater.

9. The maximum stress sustained by concretepavements in kg/cm2 is __________a) 40b) 45c) 50d) 55

Answer: bExplanation: The concrete pavements aredesigned to sustain a stress of 45Kg/cm2

which is the maximum limit.

10. The ICPB type of pavement uses__________a) Concrete paver blocksb) Fly ashc) GGBSd) RMC

Answer: aExplanation: The ICPB uses mostlyinterlocking concrete paver blocks for theconstruction of pavements.





11. The ICPB may be used in __________a) Water logged areasb) Parksc) Footpathsd) Highways

Answer: aExplanation: The inter locking concretepaver blocks may be used in water loggedareas to absorb the water and send it to theground water.

12. The design life of flexible pavement is__________a) 12b) 10c) 8d) 15

Answer: dExplanation: The design life of flexiblepavement is considered as 15 years, it maylast even further if properly maintained.

13. The design period of cement concreteroad is taken as __________a) 20b) 25c) 30d) 35

Answer: cExplanation: The design period of cementroads is usually taken as 30 years but they caneven last longer if properly maintained anddesigned.

14. In India the flexible pavement is designedas per __________a) MSAb) KSAc) CSAd) FSA

Answer: aExplanation: The flexible pavements aredesigned as per IRC 37 which uses MSA tospecify the unit of the vehicles.

15. The maximum length of vehicle that canbe used on Indian roads is __________a) 11b) 12c) 13d) 14

Answer: bExplanation: The maximum length of avehicle in India is restricted as per the rotarydesign of the highway which is maximum12m.

TOPIC 1.3 SEPTIC TANK

1. Which of the following materials is notused in the construction of a septic tank?

a) Concrete b) Rubber

c) Fibreglass d) Plastic

Answer: b

Explanation: A septic tank is a watertightchamber made of brick-work, concrete,fiberglass, PVC or plastic, through whichblack water from the cistern or pour-flushtoilets and grey water through a pipe frominside a building or an outside toilet flows forprimary treatment.

2. Septic tank is a small scale treatment unit. a) True

b) False

Answer: a Explanation: The septic tank is the most

common small-scale decentralized unit forgrey water and black water from cistern orpour-flush toilets. It is basically asedimentation tank.

3. The shape of the tank is circular. a) True

b) False





Answer: bExplanation: The shape of the septic tankcan be rectangular or cylindrical. Septic tanksare used for wastewater with a high content ofsettleable solids, typically for effluent fromdomestic sources.

4. The heavy particles in the tank _____a) Floatb) Sink into the bottomc) Separated using magnetic methodsd) Flow along liquid

Answer: bExplanation: Liquid flows through the topand heavy particles sink to the bottom, whilescum floats to the top. Over time, the solidsthat settle to the bottom are degradedanaerobically.

5. The scum formed in the tank _____a) Flowsb) Gets dissolvedc) Sink into the bottomd) Floats on top

Answer: dExplanation: The scum formed in the tanksfloats over the top. Over time, the solids thatsettle to the bottom are degradedanaerobically.

6. Which of the following methods are notused for the dispersion of the effluent out of aseptic tank?a) Wetlandsb) Soak pitc) Evapo-transpiration moundd) Leach field

Answer: aExplanation: By using a soak pit, Evapo-transpiration mound or leach field, theeffluent of the septic tank must be dispersedor transported to another treatmenttechnology via a solids-free sewer, simplifiedsewer or solids-free sewer.

7. During the disposal of the sludge, it mustbe ______a) Liquefiedb) Driedc) Burnedd) Fluidized

Answer: bExplanation: The sludge can be dried inplanted or unplanted drying beds, settling orthickening ponds. If the sludge is dried orcomposted, it can be applied in agriculture asa valuable nutrient.

8. What is the amount of water used perperson per day for flushing?a) 2-3 Lb) 3-10 Lc) 4-30 Ld) 5-40 L

Answer: dExplanation: The amount of water used by aperson per day for flushing is 5-40 L. Whenseptic tanks are used for a primary treatmentin DEWATS systems, they are generallyfollowed by anaerobic filters.

9. The first chamber in a septic tank should beat least ______ of the total length.a) 10 %b) 20 %c) 35 %d) 50 %

Answer: dExplanation: The first chamber should be atleast 50% of the total length and when thereare only two chambers, it should be twothirds of the total length. Most of the solidssettle out in the first chamber.

10. Which of the following reasons is correctwith respect to the need of providing bafflewalls?a) Mixing of scum and wastewaterb) Settling of heavy particles





c) Increase velocity of the liquidd) Prevent scum and solids from escaping

Answer: dExplanation: The baffle or the separationbetween the chambers is to prevent scum andsolids from escaping with the effluent. A T-shaped outlet pipe, the lower arm of whichdivides 30 cm below water level, furtherreduces the scum and solids that aredischarged.

11. What are the product gases of anaerobicdigestion?a) Carbon-dioxide and methaneb) Methane and oxygenc) Oxygen and carbon-dioxided) Nitrogen and methane

Answer: aExplanation: Over time, anaerobic bacteriaand micro-organisms start to digest the settledsludge anaerobically, transforming it intoCO2 and CH4 and some heat. Optimalphysical treatment by sedimentation takesplace when the flow is smooth andundisturbed.

12. What is the mixture of methane andcarbon-dioxide of anaerobic digestion called?a) Waste gasesb) Poisonous gasc) Biogasd) Carbo-methane

Answer: cExplanation: The mixture of methane andcarbon-dioxide of an anaerobic digestion iscalled biogas. Over time, anaerobic bacteriaand micro-organisms start to digest the settledsludge anaerobically, transforming it intoCO2 and CH4 and some heat.

TOPIC 1.4 SOAK PIT

1. A __________ is a chamber made ofconcrete, fiberglass, PVC or plastic, through

which domestic wastewater, sewage flows forprimary treatment.a) drainage tankb) pit latrine tankc) harvesting water tankd) septic tank

Answer: dExplanation: Septic tank systems are a typeof onsite sewage facility (OSSF). They can beused in areas that are not connected to asewerage system, such as rural areas. Thetreated liquid effluent is commonly disposedin a septic drain field which provides furthertreatment. However, groundwater pollutionmay occur and can be a problem.

2. The term “septic” refers to ____________a) anaerobic bacterial environment thatdevelops in the tankb) refers to safety and precautionc) drainage of waste materialsd) aerobic bacterial environment thatdevelops in the tank

Answer: aExplanation: The term “septic” refers to theanaerobic bacterial environment that developsin the tank which decomposes or mineralizesthe waste discharged into the tank. Septictanks can be coupled with other onsitewastewater treatment units such as biofiltersor aerobic systems involving artificiallyforced aeration.

3. Figure shown below represents a symbol‘A’, it signifies?

CSE-R

17.B

LOGSP

OT.COM





a) Septic tankb) Soak pitc) Gutterd) Water storing tank

Answer: aExplanation: A septic tank collects and treatswastewater at a property that is not connectedto the mains sewer system. Installedunderground, a septic tank makes use ofnatural processes to treat the sewage it stores.Usually made up of two chambers orcompartments, the tank receives wastewaterfrom an inlet pipe. Wastewater enters the firstchamber and separates over time, with solidssettling at the bottom, oils and greasesforming a layer of scum at the top, and a layerof relatively clear water remaining in themiddle.

4. Septic tank is usually consists of brick wallin cement not less than _______a) 20 cmb) 100 cmc) 80 cmd) 200 cm

Answer: aExplanation: Septic tank is usually consistsof brick wall in cement not less than20cm(9”) thick and the foundation floor areof cement concrete 1:3:6 or 1:2:4. Both insideand outside faces of wall and floor areplastered with a minimum thickness of 12mmthick cement mortar 1:3 and all inside cornersare rounded.

5. Connecting pipe should be _______ mmminimum diameter.a) 60b) 300c) 700d) 100

Answer: aExplanation: It may be of R.C.C, Hume pipe,cast iron pipe, S.W. Inlet and outlet may bemade through T-junction pipe or baffle wall

of precast R.C.C. may be provided at adistance 1/5 of length of the septic tank sothat the inlet sewage may not disturb theworking of the tank.

6. Soak pit shall not be less than____________a) 45 cmb) 90 cmc) 50 cmd) 100 cm

Answer: bExplanation: Soak pit shall not be less than90 cm in diameter and not less than 1.5 m indepth below invert level of the inlet pipe. Thepit is constructed with lining of dry brick orstone with open joints backed with at least 7.5cm thick coarse aggregate.

7. A _________ is a type of toilet that collectshuman faeces in a hole in the ground.a) gutterb) septic tankc) pit toiletd) latrine

Answer: cExplanation: A pit latrine or pit toilet is atype of toilet that collects human faeces in ahole in the ground. They use either no wateror one to three litres per flush with pour-flushpit latrines. When properly built andmaintained they can decrease the spread ofdisease by reducing the amount of humanfaeces in the environment from opendefecation. This decreases the transfer ofpathogens between faeces and food by flies.

8. The pit is typically at least ____________deep and ___________ across.a) 14 meters, 10 mb) 30 meters, 15 mc) 3 meters, 1 md) 11 meters, 9 m

Answer: cExplanation: The World Health Organization





recommends they be built a reasonabledistance from the house balancing issues ofeasy access versus that of smell. The distancefrom groundwater and surface water shouldbe as large as possible to decrease the risk ofgroundwater pollution. The hole in the slabshould not be larger than 25 cm (9.8 inches)to prevent children falling in. Light should beprevented from entering the pit to reduceaccess by flies. This may require the use of alid to cover the hole in the floor when not inuse.

9. The size of the faeces drop hole in the flooror slab should not be larger than____________a) 5mb) 25 cmc) 45 cmd) 250 mm

Answer: bExplanation: The user positions themselfover the small drop hole during use. The sizeof the feces drop hole in the floor or slabshould not be larger than 25 centimeters (9.8inches) to prevent children falling in. Lightshould be prevented from entering the pit toreduce access by flies. This requires the useof a lid to cover the hole in the floor when notin use. However, in practice, such a lid is notcommonly used as it is easy to lose it or forthe lid to get very filthy.

10. As of 2013 pit latrines are used by anestimated ____________ people.a) 1.77 billionb) 2.77 millionc) 1.77 billiond) 4.66 billion

Answer: cExplanation: This is mostly in thedeveloping world as well as in rural andwilderness areas. In 2011 about 2.5 billionpeople did not have access to a proper toiletand one billion resort to open defecation intheir surroundings. Southern Asia and Sub-

Saharan Africa have the poorest access totoilets. In developing countries the cost of asimple pit toilet is typically between 25 and60 USD. Ongoing maintenance costs arebetween 1.5 and 4 USD per person per yearwhich are often not taken into consideration.

11. As a very general guideline it isrecommended that the bottom of the pitshould be at least _______ abovegroundwater level.a) 0.5 mb) 2 mc) 12 md) 20 m

Answer: bExplanation: As a very general guideline it isrecommended that the bottom of the pitshould be at least 2 m above groundwaterlevel, and a minimum horizontal distance of30 m between a pit and a water source isnormally recommended to limit exposure tomicrobial contamination.[1]However, nogeneral statement should be made regardingthe minimum lateral separation distancesrequired to prevent contamination of a wellfrom a pit latrine. For example, even 50 mlateral separation distance might not besufficient in a strongly karstified system witha down gradient supply well or spring, while10 m lateral separation distance is completelysufficient if there is a well developed claycover layer and the annular space of thegroundwater well is well sealed.

12. A _____________ houses the squattingpan or toilet seat and provides privacy andprotection from the weather for the user.a) roofb) terracec) shaded) shelter

Answer: dExplanation: A shelter, shed, small buildingor “super-structure” houses the squatting panor toilet seat and provides privacy and





protection from the weather for the user.Ideally, the shelter or small building shouldhave hand washing facilities available insideor on the outside (e.g. supplied with waterfrom a rainwater harvesting tank on the roofof the shelter) although this is unfortunatelyrarely the case in practice. In the shelter, analcleansing materials (e.g. toilet paper) and asolid waste bin should also be available. Amore substantial structure may also be built,commonly known as an outhouse.

TOPIC 1.5 RETAINING WALLS

1. The theory of plasticity pertaining to soilsis based on ___________

a) Mohr’s theory b) Rankine’s method

c) Mohr-coulomb theory d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a Explanation: The theory of plasticity

pertaining to soils is based on Mohr’s theoryof rupture.

2. On designing retaining walls it is necessaryto take care of __________ exerted by soilmass.a) Erosion

b) Lateral pressure c) Surcharge

d) Lateral stress

Answer: b Explanation: In the designing of retaining

walls; sheet piles or other earth-retainingstructures, it is necessary to compute thelateral pressure exerted by the retained massof soil.

3. The material retained or supported by theretaining structure is called __________

a) Surchargeb) Support wall

c) Back fill d) All of the mentioned

Answer: cExplanation: The material retained orsupported by the structure is called backfillwhich may have its top surface horizontal orinclined.

4. The coefficient of earth pressure when thesoil is at equilibrium is ___________a) σv /σhb) σh /σvc) σv × σhd) σ1 / σ3

Answer: bExplanation: When the soil is at elasticequilibrium(i.e. at rest) the ratio of horizontalto vertical stress is called the co-efficient ofearth pressure of rest.σh /σv = K0.

5. The computation of stress in plasticequilibrium is based on __________a) Theory of plasticityb) Mohr’s theory of rupturec) Rankine’s theoryd) All of the mentioned

Answer: aExplanation: The theory on which thecomputation of the stress in a state of plasticequilibrium is based is called the theory ofplasticity.

6. The wedge-shaped portion of the backfilltending to move with the wall is called_______a) Wedge fallb) Active fallc) Failure wedged) None of the mentioned

Answer: cExplanation: During the active state, the wallmoves away from backfill and a certainportion of the backfill in wedged-shaped tendto move which is called a failure wedge.





7. In active stress, the major principal stressσ1 acting on the wall will be in __________plane.a) Verticalb) Horizontalc) Inclinedd) Zero

Answer: bExplanation: In an active state, the majorprincipal stress σ1 is vertical and the minorprincipal stress σ3 is horizontal.

8. The plastic state of stress was proposed by___________a) Mohrb) Rankinec) Coulombd) Darcy

Answer: bExplanation: The plastic state of stress whenthe failure is imminent was investigated byRankine in 1860.

9. The position of the backfill lying above thehorizontal plane at the top of wall is called_________a) Active stateb) Plasticityc) Surcharged) Slip lines

Answer: cExplanation: The position of the backfilllying above a horizontal plane at the elevationof the top of a wall is called the surcharge,and its inclination to the horizontal is calledsurcharge angle β.

10. What will be the co-efficient of passiveearth pressure, at a depth of 8m in cohesionless soil sand with an angle of internal frictionof 30° when the water rises to the groundlevel?a) 4b) 5

c) 3d) 1

Answer: cExplanation: Given φ = 30°Co-efficient of passive earth pressure, Kp =(1 + sin φ) / (1 – sin φ)Kp = (1 + sin 30)/ (1 – sin 30°)KP = 3.

TOPIC 1.6 CULVERTS

1. A structure that allows water to flow undera road, railroad, trail, or similar obstructionfrom one side to the other side is called as______________a) drainage

b) bridges c) tunnel

d) culverts

Answer: d Explanation: Culverts are commonly used

both as cross-drains for ditch relief and topass water under a road at natural drainageand stream crossings. A culvert may be abridge-like structure designed to allowvehicle or pedestrian traffic to cross over thewaterway while allowing adequate passagefor the water.

2. A structure that carries water above land isknown as an _____________

a) aqueduct b) aquedant c) over surface

d) outland

Answer: a Explanation: Bridges for conveying water,

called aqueducts or water bridges areconstructed to convey watercourses acrossgaps such as valleys or ravines. The termaqueduct may also be used to refer to theentire watercourse, as well as the bridge.Large navigable aqueducts are used astransport links for boats or ships.





3. If the span of crossing is greater than 12feet (3.7 m), the structure is termed as bridgeand otherwise is culvert.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: A bridge is a structure built tospan physical obstacles without closing theway underneath such as a body of water,valley, or road, for the purpose of providingpassage over the obstacle. There are manydifferent designs that each serve a particularpurpose and apply to different situations.

4. Culverts cannot be constructed of a varietyof materials including cast-in-place or precastconcrete.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Culverts can be constructed ofa variety of materials including cast-in-placeor precast concrete (reinforced or non-reinforced), galvanized steel, aluminium, orplastic, typically high-density polyethylene.Two or more materials may be combined toform composite structures. For example,open-bottom corrugated steel structures areoften built on concrete footings.

5. Construction or installation at a culvert sitegenerally results in disturbance of the sitesoil.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Construction or installation at aculvert site generally results in disturbance ofthe site soil, stream banks, or streambed, andcan result in the occurrence of unwantedproblems such as scour holes or slumping ofbanks adjacent to the culvert structure.

6. Box culverts can be defined as a passagefor water over a natural ground having a deck

slab over it as path way for vehicles.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Slab culvert- A passage forwater over a natural ground having a deckslab over it as path way for vehicles.Box culvert – Box culverts are usually madeup of Reinforced Concrete (RCC) as a boxshaped tunnel through which the water flowsand the vehicular transmission takes placeover the box.

7. A culvert can be used to span over acanyon, or depression, or even over a freewayor roadway.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: A bridge doesn’t necessarilyhave to bridge over water. A bridge can beused to span over a canyon, or depression, oreven over a freeway or roadway.

8. The process of removing culverts, which isbecoming increasingly prevalent, is known as___________a) outlightingb) culvertingc) daylightingd) inlighting

Answer: cExplanation: In urban design and urbanplanning, daylighting is the redirection of astream into an above-ground channel.Typically, the goal is to restore a stream ofwater to a more natural state. Daylighting isintended to improve the riparian environmentfor a stream which had been previouslydiverted into a culvert, pipe, or a drainagesystem.

9. An _________ culvert is normally a lowprofile culvert. It allows them to be installedwithout disturbing the causeway as it will





span over the entire drainage width.a) boxb) rectanglec) archd) circular

Answer: cExplanation: They are normally made ofmetal, stone masonry or RCC. They areinstalled easily, and you don’t need to useexpensive water diversion structures to installit. Common shapes include semicircular arch,elliptical arch, and concrete box culverts.Another benefit of these type of structure isthat the installation process will not take a lotof time, compared to traditional box culverts.

10. _________ culverts have a concrete(sometimes other materials can be used too)floor allowing the water to flow smoothlythrough it.a) Boxb) Cylindricalc) Narrowd) Long

Answer: aExplanation: Box culverts are usually madeup of Reinforced Concrete (RCC). Some boxculverts can be built using compositestructures and are great when water needs tochange direction or when a large flow ofwater is expected. Box culverts can also beinstalled in such way that the top of theculvert is also the roadway surface. The mostchallenging part of installing these type ofculverts is that you generally will need tohave a dry surface to install the culvert, sodewatering or diversion of the water will beneeded to complete the installation.

UNIT II RATE ANALYSISAND COSTING

TOPIC 2.1 STANDARD DATA -OBSERVED DATA - SCHEDULEOF RATES - MARKET RATES

1. To make out an estimate for a work thefollowing data are necessary-Drawing,Specification and ___________

a) materials b) rates

c) labours d) transportation

Answer: b

Explanation: The rates per unit of variousitems of work, the rates of various materialsto be used in the construction, and the wagesof different category of labour, skilled orunskilled as mason, carpenter, mazdoor,bhishti etc. available for preparing estimate.

2. _________________ is required forpreliminary studies of various aspects of awork or project.

a) Supplementary Estimate b) Plinth Area Estimate

c) Revised Estimate d) Abstract Estimate

Answer: d Explanation: to decide the financial position

and policy for administrative sanction by thecompetent administrative authority. In case ofcommercial projects as irrigation projects asirrigation projects, residential buildingprojects and similar projects which earnrevenue income, the probable income may beworked out.

3. Approximate cost of a hostel building for100 students @Rs.10000/- per student worksout as Rs. 10 lakhs.

a) True b) False

Answer: a Explanation: Approx. cost of a bed hospital

@ Rs.50000/- per bed comes to Rs.50 lakhs.






Approx. cost of a barrack of 10 bays@10000/- per bay comes to Rs.1 lakh.

4. Per kilometre basis depending on thenature of road, for 10 km of a state highwayapprox. cost @ Rs. 50000/- per 1 km worksout as Rs. 5 lakh.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Per kilometre basis dependingon the nature of road, for 10 km of a statehighway approx. cost @ Rs. 500000/- per 1km works out as Rs. 50 lakh.

5. The approx. cost of 10 km length ofirrigation channel of 3 cu m per sec. capacity@ Rs.70000/- per km works out as Rs.7 lakh.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: For an irrigation project havinga commanded area 2000 hectares, approx.cost @ Rs.1000/- per hectare comes to Rs.20lakhs.

6. Approx. cost of a bridge of 3 spans of 50 meach span @Rs.30000/- per running m ofspan comes to 3*50*30000 = Rs. 45 lakhs.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Per running metre of spandepending on the roadway, nature and depthof foundation, type of structure, etc. For smallculverts approx. cost may also be per numberof culverts of different spans.

7. Approximate cost of sewerage project for apopulation of one Rs. 10/- head works out asRs. 10 lakh.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Approximate cost of sewerageproject for a population of one Rs. 100/- headworks out as Rs. 100 lakhs.

8. Cube rate estimate is less accurate ascompared to the plinth area estimate as theheight of the building is also compared.a) Falseb) True

Answer: bExplanation: Cube rate estimate is mostaccurate as compared to the plinth areaestimate as the height of the building is alsocompared.

9. For storeyed building plinth area estimateis not prepared for each storey separately.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: For storeyed building plintharea estimate is prepared for each storeyseparately.

10. __________ is prepared on the basis ofplinth area of building, the rate beingdeducted from the cost of similar buildinghaving similar specification, heights andconstruction, in the locality.a) Cube Rate Estimateb) Supplementary Estimatec) Maintenance Estimated) Plinth Area Estimate

Answer: dExplanation: Plinth area estimate iscalculated by finding the plinth area of thebuilding and multiplying by the plinth arearate. The plinth area should be calculated forthe covered area by taking external dimensionof the building at the floor level.

11. ________________ is the amountprovided in the estimate and bill of quantitiesfor some specialised work to be done by a






specialised firm; whose details are not knownat the time of preparing estimate.a) Prime costb) Provisional sumc) Capital costd) Building cost index

Answer: bExplanation: The work like installation ofrefrigerating machine; installation of lift, airconditioning, etc., for which full informationand details may not be known at the time ofpreparing estimate and entering into contractand are require to be installed by a specialisedfirm, a sum.

12. In this method approx. total length ofwalls is found in running metre and this totallength multiplied by the rate per runningmetre of wall gives a fairly accurate cost.a) Annual repairb) Item rate estimatec) Approximate quantity method estimated) Cubical content estimate

Answer: cExplanation: For this method the structuremay be divided into two parts viz. Foundationincluding plinth and Superstructure.

13. _______________ estimate is a detailedestimate and is prepared to maintain thestructure or work in proper order and safecondition.a) Supplementary and revised estimateb) Maintenance estimatec) Item rate estimated) Revised estimate

Answer: bExplanation: For building; this includeswhite washing, colour washing, painting,minor repairs etc. For road works the A.R.estimate provides for patch repairing,renewals, repair of culverts, etc.

14. A large work or project may consists ofseveral building or small works and each of

these work is known as ___________a) sub-workb) sub-projectc) sub-headd) sub-construction

Answer: aExplanation: Detailed estimate of each sub-work is prepared separately and accounts ofexpenditure are kept sub-work wise.

15. The term ______________ is used todenote a procedure of costing or valuing anitem of work on the basis of actual labourersand materials required.a) prime costb) hour-workc) day-workd) sub-work

Answer: cExplanation: Certain items of work whichcannot be measured as- a design in the plasterwork, front architectural finish of a building,work under water, etc. are valued and paid by‘day work’. In such cases the schedule ofrates of materials and different classes oflabourers likely to be engaged in th workshould be included in the tender and incontract agreement.

TOPIC 2.2 STANDARD DATAFOR MAN HOURS ANDMACHINERIES FOR COMMONCIVIL WORKS

1. _______________ is a self propelledmachine which is used mainly to exert apowerful tractive force for pulling othermachines.

a) Tractor b) Bulldozer

c) Angle dozer d) Scraper





Answer: aExplanation: When the tractor is not requiredfor hauling other machines, it can be easilyconverted to serve as bulldozer, angle dozer,etc. The tractor are used for agricultureoperations.

2. A _________ is very useful equipment andit can be used for construction work like toclear the site of work, to make the land level,etc.a) Scraperb) Graderc) Excavatord) Bulldozer

Answer: dExplanation: Depending upon the mountains,bulldozer maybe crawler tractor mountedbulldozer or will tractor mounted bulldozer.The latter can attain higher travel speed onthe job and can be moved on paved floorwithout causing damage to the floor.

3. The size of the bulldozer is indicated by thedimension of its _________a) Siteb) Tyrec) Engined) Blades

Answer: dExplanation: Each Blade has a theoreticalcapacity of hauling a particular type of earthand knowing the number of turns a bulldozerwill make in a given time, the approximateoutput of a bulldozer can be activated.

4. A ________________ can be used on wetground and in all conditions of weather.a) Graderb) Scraperc) Escalatord) Bulldozer

Answer: dExplanation: By suitable attachments to thebulldozer, it can be utilized to remove trees,

rocks, Boulder, etc. In order to increase theoutput, two Bulldozers working side by sidewith their blades in contact can be used.

5. A ____________ is used to level theground and spreads the loose material.a) Excavatorb) Scraperc) Graderd) Tractor

Answer: cExplanation: Grader is a self propelled athome by a tractor. It consists of 3 to 4 M longangled blade supported on a Frameworkmounted on wheels. It performs variousoperations like grading, spreading, sidecutting and mixing of materials.

6. A Grader which is told by a tractor isknown as _________a) Tractor graderb) Motor graderc) Scraperd) Elevating grader

Answer: dExplanation: The self propelled greater isknown as a motor grader. For grading themachine moves forward and steering incontrolling by Steering wheel.

7. _______________ consists of a largebucket which is attached to a tractor.a) Bulldozerb) Scraperc) Graderd) Escalator

Answer: bExplanation: The capacity of scrapper variesfrom 3 M cube to 9 M cube. The scrap as acutting edge or blade and the bottom and it ispossible to dig earth to a depth of about 250mm.

8. ________________ are usually mountedon two or four pneumatic tyred wheels.

CSE-R

17.B

LOGSP

OT.COM





a) Scraperb) Backactorc) Elevatord) Escalator

Answer: aExplanation: An apron is provided in front ofthe container which opens and close in orderto regulate the flow of earth in and out of thecontainer. Scrapers are capable of producing avery smooth and accurate formation level.

9. __________________ type of scraperconsists of a four wheeled scrapper bowltowed behind crawler Power unit.a) Three axleb) Two axlec) Crawler drawnd) Four axle

Answer: cExplanation: Capacities of a scrapper bowlranges from 3 metre cube to 50 metre cube.The speed of operation is governed by thespeed of towing vehicles, which is 8 km perhour when hauling, and 3 km per hour, whenscrapping.

10. An _______________ is an oldest type ofmachine which removes earth.a) Escalatorb) Excavatorc) Elevatord) Bulldozer

Answer: bExplanation: Excavator performs it work ofmoving the earth while the main unit isstationary. The title effort is required to movethe dead weight of earth in a vertical plane.

11. _________________ type of excavatorused for digging the foundation trenchesbelow operating level.a) Clamshellb) Backactorc) Power shoveld) Skimmer

Answer: bExplanation: Back trench hoe excavator canalso be used for the excavation of smallerareas such as basement, footing and trenches.The hoe is an instrument for scrapping,digging and losing the earth.

12. _________________ type of excavator isused for digging below, at or above operatinglevel in a vertical range.a) Skimmerb) Draglinec) Clamshelld) Back trench

Answer: cExplanation: The Clamshell excavator arewidely used for rehandling of material and forworking in Limited space as in case offoundation trenches for pipelines, etc. It isalso used for jobs that require fairly accuratedumping and disposal of material.

13. ________________ type of excavatorcarries Shovel at its lower end.a) Power shovelb) Draglinec) Clamshelld) Backactor

Answer: aExplanation: Power shovel excavator is usedto dig at or above the operating level. It canhandle loose rock and the material caught inthe shovel can be suitably disposed off.

14. __________________ type of excavatoris used for digging at or below the operatinglevel.a) Skimmerb) Draglinec) Power shoveld) Dredger

Answer: bExplanation: The various types of draglineexcavator are available and the factoraffecting the output of a dragline excavator





are- the size and type of bucket, the depth ofcutting, length of boom and the angle ofSwing.

15. ________________ type of excavatorcarries the skimmer at its lower end.a) Skimmerb) Dredgerc) Escalatord) Elevator

Answer: aExplanation: Skimmer is used for surfaceexcavation and levelling and it cuts thesurface of earth to a depth of about 200 mmto 300 mm. The skimmer excavator can alsobe used for loading the loose excavatedmaterial.

TOPIC 2.3 RATE ANALYSIS FORALL BUILDING WORKS,CANALS, AND ROADS

1. Which of the following is not aclassification of labour?

a) Skilled first class b) Skilled second class

c) Unskilled d) Unskilled fourth class

Answer: d

Explanation: Labour is classified into skilledfirst-class, skilled second class and unskilled.The purpose of analysis of rates is forworking out the economical use of materialsand the actual cost of per unit of the items.

2. The concrete used for cement concreteroads is of grade ___________

a) M 10 b) M 15 c) M 20 d) M 35

Answer: b Explanation: The concrete used for cement

concrete roads is of grade M 15 using 20 mm

hand broken grade metal. For base course,concrete of 1:4:8 is used using 40 mm HBGmetal.

3. Which of the following is the correct orderof stages of estimation of concrete roads?a) Earthwork excavations, cement concretefor the base course (1:4:8) and cementconcrete for wearing course (1:2:8)b) Earthwork excavations, cement concretefor wearing course (1:4:8) and cementconcrete for the base course (1:2:8)c) Earthwork excavations, cement concretefor the base course (1:6:9) and cementconcrete for wearing course (1:7:9)d) Cement concrete for the base course(1:2:3), cement concrete for wearing course(2:7:9) and earthwork excavations

Answer: aExplanation: The correct order of stages ofestimation of concrete roads is earth workexcavations, cement concrete for the basecourse (1:4:8) and cement concrete forwearing course (1:2:8). Cement concrete roadis laid over an existing Water BoundMacadam road.

4. The rates of materials used for governmentworks are approved by _________a) Executive Boardb) SDOc) Elective Boardd) Board of Chief Engineers

Answer: dExplanation: The Board of Chief Engineersapproves the rates of materials used forgovernment works. However, every year,these are fixed by the SuperintendentEngineer.

5. Calculate the number of cement bagsrequired for 2500 kg of cement.a) 50b) 100c) 500d) 200





Answer: aExplanation: The weight of one cement bagis 50 kg. Therefore, the number of cementbags required for 2500 kg of cement is2500/50 i.e. 50 bags.

6. The quantity of sand required for RCC(1:2:4) for 15 cubic metres of work is___________a) 4.76 m3

b) 10.32 m3

c) 8.43 m3

d) 6.51 m3

Answer: dExplanation: Approximately 1.52 m3 of dryconcrete is required for 1 m3 of wet concrete.The quantity of sand required for RCC (1:2:4)for 15 cubic metres of work is [2/(1+2+4)] x1.52 x 15 m3 i.e. 6.51 m3.

7. The quantity of coarse aggregate requiredfor RCC (1:3:6) for 20 cubic metres of workis ________a) 18.24 m3

b) 15.23 m3

c) 24.87 m3

d) 32.45 m3

Answer: aExplanation: The ratio 1:3:6 is for cement,sand and coarse aggregate. Therefore, thequantity of coarse aggregate required forRCC (1:3:6) for 20 cubic metres of work is[6/(1+3+6)] x 1.52 x 20 m3 i.e. 18.24 m3.

8. Calculate the number of cement bagsrequired for RCC (1:2:4) for 15 m3 of work.a) 24.6b) 38.9c) 56.7d) 93.8

Answer: dExplanation: The quantity of cement

required is [1/(1+2+4)] x 1.52 x 15 m3 i.e.3.257 m3. SP weight of concrete is 1440kg/m3 and the weight of one cement bag is 50kg. Therefore, the number of cement bagsrequired for RCC (1:2:4) for 15 m3 of work is3.257 x 1440/50 = 93.8 bags.

9. The unit of payment of cement concrete inlintels is _________a) Per sqmb) Per cumc) Quintald) Kilograms

Answer: bExplanation: The unit of payment of cementconcrete in lintels is per cum. The unit ofpayment of R.C.C. in the slab is also per cum.Here, per cum stands for per cubic metre.

TOPIC 2.4 COST ESTIMATES

1. Which of the following are parametersinvolved in computing the total cost of asoftware development project?

a) Hardware and software costs b) Effort costs

c) Travel and training costs d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

Explanation: All these are accounted for inestimating a software development cost.

2. Which of the following costs is not part ofthe total effort cost?

a) Costs of networking and communications b) Costs of providing heating and lighting

office space c) Costs of lunch time food

d) Costs of support staff

Answer: c Explanation: This is a incurred by the

employees.





3. What is related to the overall functionalityof the delivered software?a) Function-related metricsb) Product-related metricsc) Size-related metricsd) None of the mentioned

Answer: aExplanation: Productivity is expressed interms of the amount of useful functionalityproduced in some given time. Function pointsand object pointsare the best-known metrics of this type.

4. A _________ is developed using historicalcost information that relates some softwaremetric to the project cost.a) Algorithmic cost modellingb) Expert judgementc) Estimation by analogyd) Parkinson’s Law

Answer: aExplanation: The model uses a basicregression formula with parameters that arederived from historical project data andcurrent as well as future projectcharacteristics.

5. It is often difficult to estimate size at anearly stage in a project when only aspecification is availablea) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Function-point and object-pointestimates are easier to produce than estimatesof code size but are often still inaccurate.

6. Which technique is applicable when otherprojects in the same analogy applicationdomain have been completed?a) Algorithmic cost modellingb) Expert judgementc) Estimation by analogyd) Parkinson’s Law

Answer: cExplanation: The cost of a new project isestimated by analogy with these completedprojects.

7. Which model assumes that systems arecreated from reusable components, scriptingor database programming?a) An application-composition modelb) A post-architecture modelc) A reuse modeld) An early design model

Answer: aExplanation: It is designed to make estimatesof prototype development.

8. Which of the following states that workexpands to fill the time available.a) CASE toolsb) Pricing to winc) Parkinson’s Lawd) Expert judgement

Answer: cExplanation: The cost is determined byavailable resources rather than by objectiveassessment. If the software has to bedelivered in 12 months and 5 people areavailable, the effort required is estimated tobe 60 person-months.

9. Which model is used during early stages ofthe system design after the requirements havebeen established?a) An application-composition modelb) A post-architecture modelc) A reuse modeld) An early design model

Answer: dExplanation: Estimates are based on functionpoints, which are then converted to number oflines of source code. The formula follows thestandard form discussed above with asimplified set of seven multipliers.





10. Which model is used to compute theeffort required to integrate reusablecomponents or program code that isautomatically generated by design or programtranslation tools?a) An application-composition modelb) A post-architecture modelc) A reuse modeld) An early design model

Answer: cExplanation: None.

11. The COCOMO model takes into accountdifferent approaches to softwaredevelopment, reuse, etc.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Its the COCOMO-2 model.COCOMO 2 incorporates a range of sub-models that produce increasingly detailedsoftware estimates.

UNIT IIISPECIFICATIONS,

REPORTS AND TENDERS

TOPIC 3.1 SPECIFICATIONS -DETAILED AND GENERALSPECIFICATIONS -CONSTRUCTIONS SOURCES

1. Specifications are of two types- Generalspecification or brief specification and__________________a) Short specification

b) General specification c) Detailed specification d) Brief specification

Answer: cExplanation: The detailed specification of anitem of work specifies the qualities andquantities of materials, the proportion ofmortar, workmanship, the method ofpreparation and the execution and the methodof measurement. The detailed specification ofdifferent items of work are preparedseparately and describe what the worksshould be and how they shall be executed andconstructed.

2. For first class building D.P.C. shall be__________ thick cement concrete 1:1 1/2:3.a) 10.5 cmb) 2.5 cmc) 5.5 cmd) 0.5 cm

Answer: bExplanation: D.P.C. shall be 2.5 cm (1”)thick cement concrete 1:1 1/2:3, mixed withone kg of impermo per bag of cement or otherstandard water proofing materials as specifiedand painted with two coats of bitumen.

3. For First class building drawing room anddining room floors shall be of __________a) Concreteb) Tilesc) Mosaicd) Wooden

Answer: cExplanation: Floors of bedrooms shall becoloured and polished of 2.5 cm(1”) cementconcrete over 7.5 cm(3”) lime concrete.Floors of others shall be of 2.5 cm (1”)cement concrete over 7.5 cm(3”) limeconcrete polished.

4. For first class building chaukhats shall beof seasoned ____________a) Sesame woodb) Saal woodc) Teak woodd) Arjun woodCSE

-R17

.BLO

GSPOT.

COM





Answer: cExplanation: Shutters shall be teak wood 4.3cm thick panelled glazed or partly panelledand partly glazed as required, with additionalwire gauge shutters. All fittings shall be ofbrass. Doors and windows shall be varnishedor painted two coats with high class enamelpaint over one coat of priming.

5. For fourth class building roofing shall be of__________ over bamboo and woodensupports.a) Mud roofb) Tile roofc) Wooden roofd) Bamboo roof

Answer: bExplanation: Roof tiles are designed mainlyto keep out rain, and are traditionally madefrom locally available materials such asterracotta or slate. Modern materials such asconcrete and plastic are also used and someclay tiles have a waterproof glaze. Roof tilesare ‘hung’ from the framework of a roof byfixing them with nails.

6. For 2nd class building rain water pipesshall be of ______________ finished painted.a) Cast ironb) Bog ironc) Brown ored) Pyrite

Answer: aExplanation: Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greaterthan 2%.[1] Its usefulness derives from itsrelatively low melting temperature. The alloyconstituents affect its colour when fractured:white cast iron has carbide impurities whichallow cracks to pass straight through, greycast iron has graphite flakes which deflect apassing crack and initiate countless newcracks as the material breaks, and ductile castiron has spherical graphite “nodules” whichstop the crack from further progressing.

7. Foundation and plinth shall be of______________ brickwork with lime mortarover lime concrete.a) 2nd classb) 3rd classc) 1st classd) 4th class

Answer: cExplanation: Characteristics of first classbrick-– All bricks should be of first class ofstandard specifications.– Bricks should be made of good earthcompletely burnt.– Bricks should be of deep cherry red orcopper colour.– Bricks should be regular in shape.– Edges of bricks should be sharp.– On being struck, bricks should emit clearringing sound.– Bricks should be free from cracks, chips,flaws and lumps of any kind.– Bricks should not absorb water more thanone sixth of its weight after one hour ofimmersing in water.

8. Specification does not specify or describesthe nature and the class off the work,materials to be used in the work,workmanship, etc.a) Falseb) True

Answer: aExplanation: Specification specifies ordescribes the nature and the class off thework, materials to be used in the work,workmanship, etc., and is very important forthe execution of the work. The cost of a workdepends much on the specifications.

9. The specifications are written in a languageso that they indicate what the work should beand words “shall be” or “should be” are used.a) Trueb) False





Answer: aExplanation: The General Specification forCivil Engineering Works lays down thequality of materials, the standards ofworkmanship, the testing methods and theacceptance criteria for civil engineeringworks undertaken for the government for aparticular Region. Where necessary, thisGeneral Specification should besupplemented by a particular specification.

10. General specification gives the nature andthe class of the work and the materials ingeneral terms.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: It is a short description ofdifferent parts of the work specifyingmaterials, proportion, qualities, etc. Generalspecification give general idea of the wholework or structure and are useful for preparingthe estimate.

11. For first class building the foundation andplinth shall be of 1st class brickwork in limemortar or 1:2 cement mortar over limeconcrete or 1:6:7 cement concrete.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Foundation and plinth shall beof 1st class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:6cement mortar over lime concrete or 1:4:8cement concrete.

12. For first class building roof shall be ofR.C.C. slab.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Roof shall be of R.C.C. slabwith an insulation layer and lime concreteterracing above, supported over R.S. Joists or

R.C.C. beams as required. Height of roomsshall not be less than 3.7 m (12 feet).

13. For 2nd class building superstructure shallbe of 1st class brickwork in lime mortar.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: For 2nd class buildingsuperstructure shall be of 2nd class brickworkin lime mortar. Lintels over doors andwindows shall be of R.B.

14. For third class building flooring shall beof brick-on-edge floor over well rammedearth.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Rammed earth is simple tomanufacture, non-combustible, thermallymassive, strong, and durable. However,structures such as walls can be laborious toconstruct of rammed earth without machinery,e. g., powered tampers, and they aresusceptible to water damage if inadequatelyprotected or maintained.

15. For fourth class building the doors andwindows shall be of _________ wood orcountry wood.a) Salb) Neemc) Teakd) Mango

Answer: dExplanation: Technically mango is ahardwood with dense grains, so it has thestrength to bear the weight necessary forchairs and heavy tables, but it’s still softenough that it’s relatively easy to work with,requiring no special tools on behalf of themanufacturers. Mango furniture can stand thewear and tear of time as well as yourgrandmother’s oak kitchen table, but, unlike





traditional hardwood furniture, it’s moreaffordable and, as we’ll get into, completelysustainable.

TOPIC 3.2 TYPES OFSPECIFICATIONS

1. The water proof mud- plaster consists of_______________a) soil

b) janta Emulsion c) cowdung

d) soil, janta emulsion and cowdung

Answer: d Explanation: Soil – soil should not be too

much clayey nor too much sandy (50% clayand 50% sand are suitable). Weight of dryearth should do about 112 kg per cu m (70 lbsper cu ft).

Bhusa – About 60% of bhusa by weight ofdry soil is to be mixed.

Cowdung – It should be used for surfacefinishing.

Janta Emulsion – 5% of janta emulsion byweight of dry soil is to be mixed.

2. The brick work is not measured in cu m incase of __________

a) one or more than one brick wall b) brick work in arches

c) reinforced brick work d) half brick wall

Answer: d

Explanation: Half brick wall is measured insq m.

3. The excavation exceeding 1.5 m in widthand 10 sq. m in plan area with a depth notexceeding 30 cm, is termed as __________

a) excavation b) surface dressing

c) surface excavation d) cutting

Answer: cExplanation: Surface dressing is done upto15 cm depth and surface excavation upto 30cm depth.

4. Stabilized soil wall is cued for ______ to______ days by sprinkling water.a) 3 to 6b) 15 to 20c) 7 to 10d) 20 to 35

Answer: cExplanation: An appropriate type of chosensoil, when compacted at optimum moisturecontent, can be made strong and durable bythe addition of a stabilizing agent.Stabilisation enables the soil to retain itsshape and a significant proportion of itsstrength even when wetted to the point ofsaturation.

5. The roofing cannot be made with slate.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Slate can be made into roofingslates, a type of roof shingle, or morespecifically a type of roof tile, which areinstalled by a slater. Slate has two lines ofbreakability – cleavage and grain – whichmake it possible to split the stone into thinsheets. When broken, slate retains a naturalappearance while remaining relatively flatand easy to stack.

6. Average number of blocks required for atwo-roomed house is about 2500.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: More recently, an improvedversion has been designed and marketed byAeroweld Industries, B-9 HAL IndustrialEstate, Bangalore – 560 037. The size of theblocks is 30.5 cm x 14.4 cm x 10 cm or 23 cm





x 19 cm x I0 cm. One such machine can beutilised to make 300 – 500 blocks per day byfour unskilled workmen.

7. Before applying water proof mud plaster,the joints should not be scrapped.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Before applying water proofmud plaster, the joints should be scrapped andwall surface should be cleaned and madedamp by sprinkling water and then plastershould e applied.

8. For preparation of subgrade the existingsubgrade should be dressed to a camber of 1in 24 to 1 in 32.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: It is watered and allowed tosoak for the night if necessary, and rolledwith 8 to 10 tonne road roller. The density ofthe compacted soil should not be less than 1.8gm /c.c. up to at least 6” depth.

9. For making bund ordinary mud wall gonda( bund) about 8” * 6” shall be made on thesides.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Bunding, also called a bundwall, is a constructed retaining wall aroundstorage “where potentially pollutingsubstances are handled, processed or stored,for the purposes of containing any unintendedescape of material from that area until suchtime as remedial action can be taken.

TOPIC 3.3 PRINCIPLES FORREPORT PREPARATION

1. A written report is more formal than anoral report.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: The statement is true. A writtenreport is more formal in nature than an oralreport and it removes almost every flawinherent in an oral report.

2. Which of these is usually written in a formof a memorandum?a) Informal reportsb) Formal reportsc) Professional reportsd) Business reports

Answer: aExplanation: Written reports can be of twotypes. They are: formal reports and informalreports. Informal reports are normally writtenin the form of a memorandum or a letter.

3. Which of these is not a formal report?a) Informationalb) Informalc) Interpretatived) Routine

Answer: bExplanation: Formal reports can be classifiedinto three different types. They are :informational, interpretative and routine.

4. Into which of these types are formal reportsnot classified?a) Informationalb) Interpretativec) Orald) Routine

Answer: cExplanation: Formal reports are writtenreports. They can be classified into threetypes : informational, interpretative androutine.





5. Which of these reports provide informationwithout any evaluation?a) Informationalb) Interpretativec) Routined) Progress

Answer: aExplanation: Informational reportsaccumulate and provide information withoutany assessment or evaluation. They do notmake any recommendations they do not giveany findings.

6. _______ report provides rational findings.a) Informativeb) Interpretativec) Routined) Progress

Answer: bExplanation: Interpretative reports do notmerely provide data. They assess this dataand provide rational findings and worthwhilerecommendations.

7. Interpretative reports are also known as________a) recommendation reportsb) routine reportsc) progress reportsd) informal reports

Answer: aExplanation: The correct statement is:Interpretative reports are also known asrecommendation reports. They assess the dataand provide rational findings and worthwhilerecommendations.

8. Which of these reports are written forrecording information?a) Informationalb) Interpretativec) Routined) Recommendation

Answer: cExplanation: Routine reports are normallywritten for recording information which isrequired at periodic intervals. In most casesthere may be printed forms where relevantgaps have to be filled with acquired data.

9. Which of these is not mentioned in aprogress report?a) Name of projectb) Right choice of instrumentsc) Nature of workd) Amount of work left

Answer: bExplanation: A progress report shouldcontain information like: Name of project,nature of project, extent of work to becompleted, amount of work left, etc..

10. Which of these reports involves thechecking of a piece of equipment to see if it’sstill in working condition?a) Progress reportb) Laboratory reportc) Inspection reportd) Inventory report

Answer: cExplanation: An inspection report is madewhen: An equipment is inspected to establishwhether or not it is in working condition.

TOPIC 3.4 REPORT ONESTIMATE OF RESIDENTIALBUILDING - CULVERT, ROADS

1. A structure that allows water to flow undera road, railroad, trail, or similar obstructionfrom one side to the other side is called as______________a) drainage

b) bridges c) tunnel

d) culverts





Answer: dExplanation: Culverts are commonly usedboth as cross-drains for ditch relief and topass water under a road at natural drainageand stream crossings. A culvert may be abridge-like structure designed to allowvehicle or pedestrian traffic to cross over thewaterway while allowing adequate passagefor the water.

2. A structure that carries water above land isknown as an _____________a) aqueductb) aquedantc) over surfaced) outland

Answer: aExplanation: Bridges for conveying water,called aqueducts or water bridges areconstructed to convey watercourses acrossgaps such as valleys or ravines. The termaqueduct may also be used to refer to theentire watercourse, as well as the bridge.Large navigable aqueducts are used astransport links for boats or ships.

3. If the span of crossing is greater than 12feet (3.7 m), the structure is termed as bridgeand otherwise is culvert.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: A bridge is a structure built tospan physical obstacles without closing theway underneath such as a body of water,valley, or road, for the purpose of providingpassage over the obstacle. There are manydifferent designs that each serve a particularpurpose and apply to different situations.

4. Culverts cannot be constructed of a varietyof materials including cast-in-place or precastconcrete.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Culverts can be constructed ofa variety of materials including cast-in-placeor precast concrete (reinforced or non-reinforced), galvanized steel, aluminium, orplastic, typically high-density polyethylene.Two or more materials may be combined toform composite structures. For example,open-bottom corrugated steel structures areoften built on concrete footings.

5. Construction or installation at a culvert sitegenerally results in disturbance of the sitesoil.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: Construction or installation at aculvert site generally results in disturbance ofthe site soil, stream banks, or streambed, andcan result in the occurrence of unwantedproblems such as scour holes or slumping ofbanks adjacent to the culvert structure.

6. Box culverts can be defined as a passagefor water over a natural ground having a deckslab over it as path way for vehicles.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Slab culvert- A passage forwater over a natural ground having a deckslab over it as path way for vehicles.Box culvert – Box culverts are usually madeup of Reinforced Concrete (RCC) as a boxshaped tunnel through which the water flowsand the vehicular transmission takes placeover the box.

7. A culvert can be used to span over acanyon, or depression, or even over a freewayor roadway.a) Trueb) False





Answer: bExplanation: A bridge doesn’t necessarilyhave to bridge over water. A bridge can beused to span over a canyon, or depression, oreven over a freeway or roadway.

8. The process of removing culverts, which isbecoming increasingly prevalent, is known as___________a) outlightingb) culvertingc) daylightingd) inlighting

Answer: cExplanation: In urban design and urbanplanning, daylighting is the redirection of astream into an above-ground channel.Typically, the goal is to restore a stream ofwater to a more natural state. Daylighting isintended to improve the riparian environmentfor a stream which had been previouslydiverted into a culvert, pipe, or a drainagesystem.

9. An _________ culvert is normally a lowprofile culvert. It allows them to be installedwithout disturbing the causeway as it willspan over the entire drainage width.a) boxb) rectanglec) archd) circular

Answer: cExplanation: They are normally made ofmetal, stone masonry or RCC. They areinstalled easily, and you don’t need to useexpensive water diversion structures to installit. Common shapes include semicircular arch,elliptical arch, and concrete box culverts.Another benefit of these type of structure isthat the installation process will not take a lotof time, compared to traditional box culverts.

10. _________ culverts have a concrete(sometimes other materials can be used too)floor allowing the water to flow smoothly

through it.a) Boxb) Cylindricalc) Narrowd) Long

Answer: aExplanation: Box culverts are usually madeup of Reinforced Concrete (RCC). Some boxculverts can be built using compositestructures and are great when water needs tochange direction or when a large flow ofwater is expected. Box culverts can also beinstalled in such way that the top of theculvert is also the roadway surface. The mostchallenging part of installing these type ofculverts is that you generally will need tohave a dry surface to install the culvert, sodewatering or diversion of the water will beneeded to complete the installation.

TOPIC 3.5 TTT ACT 2000

1. Which of the following is not a type ofcyber crime?

a) Data theft b) Forgery

c) Damage to data and systems d) Installing antivirus for protection

Answer: d

Explanation: Cyber crimes are one of themost threatening terms that is an evolvingphase. It is said that major percentage of theWorld War III will be based on cyber-attacksby cyber armies of different countries.

2. Cyber-laws are incorporated for punishingall criminals only.

a) True b) False

Answer: b Explanation: Cyber-laws were incorporated

in our law book not only to punish cybercriminals but to reduce cyber crimes and tiethe hands of citizens from doing illicit digital





acts that harm or damage other’s digitalproperty or identity.

3. Cyber-crime can be categorized into________ types.a) 4b) 3c) 2d) 6

Answer: cExplanation: Cyber crime can be categorizedinto 2 types. These are peer-to-peer attack andcomputer as weapon. In peer-to-peer attack,attackers target the victim users; and incomputer as weapon attack technique,computers are used by attackers for a massattack such as illegal and banned photo leak,IPR violation, pornography, cyber terrorismetc.

4. Which of the following is not a type ofpeer-to-peer cyber-crime?a) Phishingb) Injecting Trojans to a target victimc) MiTMd) Credit card details leak in deep web

Answer: dExplanation: Phishing, injecting Trojans andworms to individuals comes under peer-to-peer cyber crime. Whereas, leakage of creditcard data of a large number of people in deepweb comes under computer as weapon cyber-crime.

5. Which of the following is not an exampleof a computer as weapon cyber-crime?a) Credit card fraudulentb) Spying someone using keyloggerc) IPR Violationd) Pornography

Answer: bExplanation: DDoS (Distributed Denial ofService), IPR violation, pornography aremass attacks done using a computer. Spying

someone using keylogger is an example ofpeer-to-peer attack.

6. Which of the following is not done bycyber criminals?a) Unauthorized account accessb) Mass attack using Trojans as botnetsc) Email spoofing and spammingd) Report vulnerability in any system

Answer: dExplanation: Cyber-criminals are involved inactivities like accessing online accounts inunauthorized manner; use Trojans to attacklarge systems, sending spoofed emails. Butcyber-criminals do not report any bug isfound in a system, rather they exploit the bugfor their profit.

7. What is the name of the IT law that India ishaving in the Indian legislature?a) India’s Technology (IT) Act, 2000b) India’s Digital Information Technology(DIT) Act, 2000c) India’s Information Technology (IT) Act,2000d) The Technology Act, 2008

Answer: cExplanation: The Indian legislature thoughtof adding a chapter that is dedicated to cyberlaw. This finally brought India’s InformationTechnology (IT) Act, 2000 which deals withthe different cyber-crimes and their associatedlaws.

8. In which year India’s IT Act came intoexistence?a) 2000b) 2001c) 2002d) 2003

Answer: aExplanation: On 17th Oct 2000, the Indianlegislature thought of adding a chapter that isdedicated to cyber law, for which India’s





Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 cameinto existence.

9. What is the full form of ITA-2000?a) Information Tech Act -2000b) Indian Technology Act -2000c) International Technology Act -2000d) Information Technology Act -2000

Answer: dExplanation: Information Technology Act-2000 (ITA-2000), came into existence on17th Oct 2000, that is dedicated to cyber-crime and e-commerce law in India.

10. The Information Technology Act -2000bill was passed by K. R. Narayanan.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: The bill was passed & signedby Dr. K. R. Narayanan on 9th May, in theyear 2000. The bill got finalised by headofficials along with the Minister ofInformation Technology, Dr. PramodMahajan.

11. Under which section of IT Act, stealingany digital asset or information is written acyber-crime.a) 65b) 65-Dc) 67d) 70

Answer: aExplanation: When a cyber-criminal stealsany computer documents, assets or anysoftware’s source code from any organization,individual, or from any other means then thecyber crime falls under section 65 of IT Act,2000.

12. What is the punishment in India forstealing computer documents, assets or anysoftware’s source code from any organization,individual, or from any other means?

a) 6 months of imprisonment and a fine of Rs.50,000b) 1 year of imprisonment and a fine of Rs.100,000c) 2 years of imprisonment and a fine of Rs.250,000d) 3 years of imprisonment and a fine of Rs.500,000

Answer: dExplanation: The punishment in India forstealing computer documents, assets or anysoftware’s source code from any organization,individual, or from any other means is 3 yearsof imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 500,000.

13. What is the updated version of the IT Act,2000?a) IT Act, 2007b) Advanced IT Act, 2007c) IT Act, 2008d) Advanced IT Act, 2008

Answer: cExplanation: In the year 2008, the IT Act,2000 was updated and came up with a muchbroader and precise law on differentcomputer-related crimes and cyber offenses.

14. In which year the Indian IT Act, 2000 gotupdated?a) 2006b) 2008c) 2010d) 2012

Answer: bExplanation: In the year 2008, the IT Act,2000 was updated and came up with a muchbroader and precise law on differentcomputer-related crimes and cyber offenses.

15. What type of cyber-crime, its laws andpunishments does section 66 of the Indian ITAct holds?a) Cracking or illegally hack into any systemb) Putting antivirus into the victim





c) Stealing datad) Stealing hardware components

Answer: aExplanation: Under section 66 of IT Act,2000 which later came up with a muchbroader and precise law says that cracking orillegally hacking into any victim’s computeris a crime. It covers a wide range of cyber-crimes under this section of the IT Act.

TOPIC 3.6 TENDER NOTICES -TYPES - TENDERPROCEDURES

TOPIC 3.7 DRAFTING MODELTENDERS , E-TENDERING-DIGITAL SIGNATURECERTIFICATES- ENCRYPTING -DECRYPTING

1. Quotations are letters of enquiry.a) True

b) False

Answer: a Explanation: The statement is true.

Quotations are letters of enquiry in which anorganisation or an individual asks anotherorganisation or individual to quote its or hisrates and terms of payment for the goodsintended to be purchased.

2. Where is the name of the company invitingmentioned in an invitation of quotation?

a) Top left corner b) Bottom left corner

c) Top right corner d) Bottom right corner

Answer: c

Explanation: The name of the companyinviting is mentioned in the top right corneron an invitation of quotation along with theaddress and date.

3. Where is the name of the company whichis invited mentioned?a) Top left cornerb) Top right cornerc) Bottom left cornerd) Bottom right corner

Answer: aExplanation: The name of the companywhich is invited is mentioned in the top leftcorner in an invitation of quotation below theaddress of the inviting party.

4. Where is the courteous leave-takingmentioned in an invitation of quotation?a) Top leftb) Bottom rightc) Top rightd) Bottom left

Answer: bExplanation: The courteous leave-taking ismentioned in the bottom right corner alongwith signature and designation.

5. Quotations are friendly letters.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: The statement is false.Quotations are letters of enquiry and thus arebusiness letters. It is normal to invitequotations from a large number of sellers.

6. A tender is advertised in ______a) newspapersb) business environmentc) domestic marketsd) sellers

Answer: aExplanation: There is a difference betweenquotations and tenders. A tender is advertisedin newspapers, magazines, etc..

7. Which of these is not mentioned in atender?





a) Dateb) Notice numberc) Signd) Designation

Answer: cExplanation: A tender does not have the signof the authority mentioned in it. It only hasthe designation mentioned.

8. Where is the designation of the authoritygiving the tender mentioned?a) Top centerb) Bottom leftc) Bottom rightd) Top left

Answer: cExplanation: The name of the authority ismentioned in the bottom right corner alongwith the organization’s name and branch.

9. Where is the name of the organizationmentioned in the tender?a) Top leftb) Top centerc) Top rightd) Bottom center

Answer: bExplanation: The name of the organizationalong with tender notice number and date ismentioned in the top center in bold in thebeginning.

10. Which of these is mentioned in a tender?a) Notice numberb) Signaturec) Address of the tendererd) Courteous leave-taking

Answer: aExplanation: In the top center, the name andaddress of the organisation is mentionedalong with the tender notice number and thedate.

TOPIC 3.8 REVERSEAUCTIONS.

1. In reverse engineering process, what refersto the sophistication of the design informationthat can be extracted from the source code?

a) interactivity b) completeness

c) abstraction level d) direction level

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

2. In reverse engineering, what refers to thelevel of detail that is provided at anabstraction level?

a) interactivity b) completeness

c) abstraction level d) directionality

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

3. The core of reverse engineering is anactivity called

a) restructure code b) directionality

c) extract abstractions d) interactivity

Answer: c

Explanation: The engineer must evaluate theold program and extract a meaningfulspecification of the processing that isperformed, the user interface that is applied,and the program data structures or databasethat is used.

4. What have become de rigueur forcomputer-based products and systems ofevery type?

a) GUIs b) Candidate keys

c) Object model d) All of the mentioned





Answer: aExplanation: Therefore, the redevelopmentof user interfaces has become one of the mostcommon types of re-engineering activity. Butbefore a user interface can be rebuilt, reverseengineering should occur.

5. Forward engineering is also known asa) extract abstractionsb) renovationc) reclamationd) both renovation and reclamation

Answer: dExplanation: Forward engineering, alsocalled renovation or reclamation , not onlyrecovers design information from existingsoftware, but uses this information to alter orreconstitute the existing system in an effort toimprove its overall quality.

6. Reverse engineering is the process ofderiving the system design and specificationfrom itsa) GUIb) Databasec) Source coded) All of the mentioned

Answer: cExplanation: None

7. Reverse engineering techniques for internalprogram data focus on the definition ofclasses of objects.a) Trueb) False

Answer: aExplanation: This is accomplished byexamining the program code with the intentof grouping related program variables.

8. Which of the following steps may not beused to define the existing data model as aprecursor to re-engineering a new databasemodel:a) Build an initial object model

b) Determine candidate keysc) Refine the tentative classesd) Discover user interfaces

Answer: dExplanation: Once information defined inthe preceding steps is known, a series oftransformations can be applied to map the olddatabase structure into a new databasestructure.

9. Much of the information necessary tocreate a behavioral model can be obtained byobserving the external manifestation of theexistinga) candidate keysb) interfacec) database structured) none of the mentioned

Answer: bExplanation: The GUI or the interfaceprovides the base for the behavioral model.

10. Extracting data items and objects, to getinformation on data flow, and to understandthe existing data structures that have beenimplemented is sometimes calleda) data analysisb) directionalityc) data extractiond) client applications

Answer: aExplanation: None.

11. Reverse engineering and Re-engineeringare equivalent processes of softwareengineering.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: Re engineering is a process ofanalysis and change whereby a system ismodified by first reverse engineering and thenforward engineering.





12. Transformation of a system from onerepresentational form to another is known asa) Re-factoringb) Restructuringc) Forward engineeringd) Both Re-factoring and Restructuring

Answer: dExplanation: None.

13. Which of the following is not an objectiveof reverse engineering?a) to reduce maintenance effortb) to cope with complexityc) to avoid side effectsd) to assist migration to a CASE environment

Answer: dExplanation: Reverse engineering helps us todetect side effects rather than avoiding them.

UNIT IV CONTRACTS

TOPIC 4.1 CONTRACT – TYPESOF CONTRACTS – FORMATIONOF CONTRACT – CONTRACTCONDITIONS – CONTRACTFOR LABOUR, MATERIAL,DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION –DRAFTING OF CONTRACTDOCUMENTS BASED ON IBRD /MORTH STANDARD BIDDINGDOCUMENTS –CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS– CONTRACT PROBLEMS –ARBITRATION AND LEGALREQUIREMENTS

1. A voluntary arrangement between two ormore parties that is enforceable by law as abinding legal agreement is known as

__________a) jobb) loanc) contractd) mutual fund

Answer: cExplanation: A contract arises when theparties agree that there is an agreement.Formation of a contract generally requires anoffer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutualintent to be bound. Each party to a contractmust have capacity to enter the agreement.Minors, intoxicated persons, and those undera mental affliction may have insufficientcapacity to enter a contract. Some types ofcontracts may require formalities, such as amemorialization in writing.

2. What is the type of mistake which occurswhen only one party to a contract is mistakenas to the terms or subject-matter?a) Mutual mistakeb) Unilateral mistakec) Bilateral mistaked) Individual mistake

Answer: bExplanation: The courts will uphold such acontract unless it was determined that thenon-mistaken party was aware of the mistakeand tried to take advantage of the mistake. Itis also possible for a contract to be void ifthere was a mistake in the identity of thecontracting party. An example is in Lewis v.Avery where Lord Denning MR held that thecontract can only be voided if the plaintiff canshow that, at the time of agreement, theplaintiff believed the other party’s identitywas of vital importance. A mere mistakenbelief as to the credibility of the other party isnot sufficient.

3. _______________ contract is one that hasautomatic renewals until one party requeststermination.a) Uniformb) Evergreen





c) Moderated) On-demand

Answer: bExplanation: If these are left unattended,they can have significant cost impacts withlittle value. If these agreements won’t workfor the company, the clauses stating thecontract automatically renews should beremoved. If the clause makes sense or cannotbe taken out, alerts can still be set in acontract management platform as a reminder.

4. How are final contracts signed in modernbusiness?a) e-Signaturesb) Document scanningc) Thump impressiond) Shaking hands

Answer: aExplanation: Electronic signatures, or e-Signatures, have become crucial forbusinesses as they seek to increase the speedof time-to-signature, e-Signatures are legallybinding and have the same legal status as awritten signature, as long as it fulfills therequirements of the regulation it was createdunder.A contract management platform shouldinclude the ability to integrate with an e-Signature software, or include e-Signatures aspart of the platform.

5. Which tender allows anyone to submit atender to supply the goods or services that arerequired?a) Framework tenderingb) Selective tenderingc) Open tenderingd) Close tendering

Answer: cExplanation: On larger projects, there maythen be a pre-qualification process thatproduces a short-list of suitable suppliers whowill be invited to prepare tenders. This sort ofpre-qualification process is not the same as

selective tendering.Open tendering has been criticised forattracting tenders / expressions of interestfrom large numbers of suppliers, some ofwhom may be entirely unsuitable for thecontract and as a result it can waste a greatdeal of time, effort and money. However,open tendering offers the greatest competitionand has the advantage of allowing new oremerging suppliers to try to secure work.

6. ________________ involves thepreparation of tenders based on a typical ornotional bill of quantities or schedule ofworks.a) Framework tenderingb) Selective tenderingc) Negotiated tenderingd) Serial tendering

Answer: dExplanation: The rates submitted can then beused to value works over a series of similarprojects, often for a fixed period of timefollowing which the tendering procedure maybe repeated. Serial tendering can reducetender costs, and may encourage suppliers tosubmit low rates to secure an ongoingprogram of work.

7. _______________ tendering is used whenall the information necessary to calculate arealistic price is available when tenderingcommences.a) Single-stageb) Double-stagec) Frameworkd) Serial

Answer: aExplanation: Single-stage tendering is themore traditional route, used when all theinformation necessary to calculate a realisticprice is available when tendering commences:• An invitation to tender is issued toprospective suppliers (perhaps followingcompletion of a pre-qualificationquestionnaire and/or a pre-tender interview).





The invitation to tender will includeinformation describing the goods or servicesrequired in sufficient detail to enableprospective suppliers to prepare an accuratetender.• Tenders are prepared and returned byprospective suppliers (this may involvequestions and answers and a mid-tenderinterview to clarify the client’s requirements).• Submitted tenders are then assessed andcompared (this may involve furtherinterviews).• The preferred tenderer is selected andnegotiations opened.• Subject to the outcome of those negotiationsthe preferred tenderer may then be appointed.

8. An invitation to tender might not include?a) Holiday packagesb) Preliminariec) A letter of invitation to tenderd) Design drawing

Answer: aExplanation: An invitation to tender mightbe issued for a range of contracts, including;equipment supply, the main constructioncontract (perhaps including design by thecontractor), demolition, enabling works andso on.An invitation to tender might include:• A letter of invitation to tender.• The form of tender.• Preliminaries.• The form of contract.• A tender pricing document.• A drawing schedule.• Design drawings.• Specifications.

9. Mutual mistake occurs when both partiesof a contract are mistaken as to the terms.a) Falseb) True

Answer: bExplanation: Each believes they arecontracting to something different. Courts

usually try to uphold such mistakes if areasonable interpretation of the terms can befound. However, a contract based on a mutualmistake in judgment does not cause thecontract to be voidable by the party that isadversely affected.

10. In Schedule contract the contractorundertakes the execution or construction ofspecific work with all its contingencies, tocomplete it in all respect within a specifiedtime for a fixed amount.a) Falseb) True

Answer: aExplanation: In lump sum contract thecontractor undertakes the execution orconstruction of specific work with all itscontingencies, to complete it in all respectwithin a specified time for a fixed amount. Inthis an owner agrees to pay a contractor aspecified lump sum after the completion ofwork without a cost breakdown. After workno detailed measurements are required.

UNIT V VALUATION

TOPIC 5.1 DEFINITIONS –VARIOUS TYPES OFVALUATIONS – VALUATIONMETHODS - NECESSITY –CAPITALISED VALUE –DEPRECIATION – ESCALATION– VALUATION OF LAND –BUILDINGS – CALCULATIONOF STANDARD RENT –MORTGAGE – LEASE

1. _____________ is the technique ofestimating or determining the fair price orvalue of a property such as a building, a

CSE-R

17.B

LOGSP

OT.COM





factory, other engineering structures ofvarious types.a) depreciationb) capital valuec) valuationd) taxation

Answer: cExplanation: By valuation the present valueof a property is determined. The present valueof property may be decided by its sellingprice, or income or rent it may fetch. Thevalue of property depends on its structure,life, maintenance, location, bank interest,legal control, etc. The value also depends onsupply on demand and the purpose for whichvaluation is required.

2. What is the capitalized value of a propertyfetching a net annual rent of Rs.1000 and thehighest rate of interest prevalent being 5%,rate of interest is 8%?a) Rs.16500.00b) Rs.18500.00c) Rs.12900.00d) Rs.12500.00

Answer: dExplanation: For Rs.5.00 interest, capitalRs.1000.00To get Rs.1000.00 interest, capital =(100/5)*1000= Rs.20000.00In short capitalized value is – Net annualincome*Year’s purchaseFor the same net income if the rate of interestis 8% the capitalized value = 1000*(100/8) =Rs.12500.00.

3. A pumping set with a motor has beeninstalled in a building at a cost of Rs.2500.00.Assuming the life of the pump as 15 years,work out the amount of annual instalment ofsinking fund required to be deposited toaccumulate the whole amount of 4%compound interest.a) Rs.355b) Rs.125

c) Rs.185d) Rs.1950

Answer: bExplanation: The annual sinking fund, I = Si/ [(1+i)n-1] = 2500*0.04/(1+0.04)15-1 =2500*0.05 = Rs.125The owner is to deposit Rs.125/- annually in4% compound interest carrying investmentfor 15 years to accumulate Rs.2500/-.

4. An old building has been purchased by aperson at a cost of Rs.30000/- excluding thecost of the land. Calculate the amount ofannual sinking fund at 4% interest assumingthe future lie of the building as 20 years andthe scrap value of the building as 10% of thecost of purchase.a) Rs.979.7b) Rs.4387.20c) Rs.107.20d) Rs.907.20

Answer: dExplanation: The total amount of sinkingfund to be accumulated at the end of 20 years.S = 30000 * 90/100 = Rs.27000.00Annual instalment of sinking fund.I = Si / [(1+i)n-1] = 27000*0.04/(1+0.04)20-1= 27000*0.0336 = Rs.907.20Annual Instalment for sinking fund requiredfor 20 years = Rs.907.20.

5. In this method, it is assumed that theproperty will lose its value by a constantpercentage of its value at the beginning ofevery year. This method is called?a) Sinking fund methodb) Constant percentage methodc) Straight line methodd) Quantity survey method

Answer: cExplanation: In this method a fixed amountof the original cost is deducted every year sothat at the end of the utility period only thescrap value is left.Annual depreciation D = Original cost-scrap





value/life in year = C-S/n,Where C- original cost, S- scrap value, n-lifeof the property in years and D- annualdepreciation. The book value after thenumber of years, say N years = original cost –N*D.

6. A property fetches a net annual income ofRs.900 deducting all outgoings. Workout thecapitalized value of the property if the rate ofinterest is 6% per annum.a) Rs.67003.00b) Rs.189003.00c) Rs.45603.00d) Rs.15003.00

Answer: aExplanation: Year’s purchase = 100/6 =16.67Capitalized value of the property = Netincome * Y.P. = 900*16.67 = Rs.15003.00.

7. A building costing Rs.700000.00 has beenconstructed on a freehold land measuring 100sq m recently in a big city. Prevailing rate ofland in the neighbourhood is Rs.150.00 per sqm. Determine the net rent of the property, ifthe expenditure on an outgoing includingsinking fund is Rs.24000.00 per annum. Workout also the gross rent of the property permonth.a) 48000/-, 8000/-b) 18000/-, 6000/-c) 46700/-, 6000/-d) 48000/-, 6000/-

Answer: dExplanation: Cost of construction =Rs.700000.00Cost of land @Rs.150.00 per sq m = 100*150= Rs.150000.00Net return:On building @ 6% on the cost of construction= 700000.00 *6/100 = Rs.42000.00On the land @ 4% on the cost of land =700000.00 *6/100 = Rs.6000.00Total net rent per year = Rs.48000.00Gross rent = Net rent + outgoings =

48000+24000.00 = 72000.00 per annumGross rent per month = 72000/12 = 6000.00.

8. Find the plinth area required for theresidential accommodation for an assistantengineer in the pay scale of Rs.400.00 to1000.00 per month.a) 293.33 sq m.b) 93.33 sq m.c) 983.33 sq m.d) 23.33 sq m.

Answer: bExplanation: Average pay = 400+1000/2 =Rs. 700.00 per month.Average monthly rent @ 10% of salary =700.00/10 = Rs.70.00Average annual rent 70.0*12 = Rs.840.00.Capital cost of the building @ 6%interest =840*100/6 = Rs.14000.00Plinth area required @Rs.150.00 per sq m ofplinth area = 14000/150 = 93.33 sq m.Normally the quarter for the assistantengineer should be constructed at the cost ofRs.14000.00 having plinth area of 93.33 sqm.But due to the increase in the cost ofconstruction, this may be increased by 100%and the capital cost of construction may befixed as Rs.2800.00 and the approximateplinth area of 93.33.

9. Obsolescence is the annual periodicpayments for repayments of the capitalamount invested by a party.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: An annuity is a series ofpayments made at equal intervals. Examplesof annuities are regular deposits to a savingsaccount, monthly home mortgage payments,monthly insurance payments and pensionpayments. Annuities can be classified by thefrequency of payment dates. The payments(deposits) may be made weekly, monthly,quarterly, yearly, or at any other regular




mailto:@Rs.150.00

mailto:@Rs.150.00


interval of time.An annuity which provides for payments forthe remainder of a person’s lifetime is a lifeannuity.

10. Scrap value is the net annual letting valueof a property, which is obtained afterdeducting the amount of yearly repairs fromthe gross income.a) Trueb) False

Answer: bExplanation: In financial accounting, scrapvalue is associated with the depreciation ofassets used in a business. In this situation,scrap value is defined as the expected orestimated value of the asset at the end of itsuseful life. Scrap value is also referred to asan asset’s salvage value or residual value.





CE8701 ESTIMATION, COSTING AND VALUATION ENGINEERING CIVIL ...

Documents

Transcript of CE8701 ESTIMATION, COSTING AND VALUATION ENGINEERING CIVIL ...