CE 405 - SCHEDULING The term that you will use throughout the rest of your career to define the...

CE 405 - SCHEDULING

The term that you will use throughout the rest of your career to define the individual work items is “Activity”.

Depending on the Project, Activities can be excessively detailed, or they can be extremely broad.

CE 405 - SCHEDULING

What type of Schedule would you consider to be a broad Schedule?

CE 405 - SCHEDULING

A billion dollar nuclear power plant summary schedule would be an example of a “broad” schedule – an entire multi-million dollar building might be a single Activity on this Schedule.

CE 405 - SCHEDULING

What type of Schedule would you consider to be a detailed Schedule?

CE 405 - SCHEDULING

A weekend bridge demolition requiring a railroad closure would be an example of a very “detailed” Schedule where Activities are broken down on an hour-by-hour basis.

ACTIVITIES

Review: What is the Definition of a Construction Project Activity?

ACTIVITIES

Review: What is the Definition of a Construction Project Activity?

“An Activity is a discrete part of a Project that can be identified for planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling the Project.”

ACTIVITIES

“An Activity is a discrete part of a Project that can be identified for planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling the Project.”

Where have we seen these 4 terms before?

ACTIVITIES

Planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling are the four Project Management functions.

ACTIVITIES

Planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling are the four Project Management functions.

Extrapolating these two concepts – Activities are what you use to Manage your Project

You get to decide how detailed or broad you want your Activities to be.

ACTIVITIES

What are the 5 characteristics of Activities?

ACTIVITIES

5 characteristics of Activities?

1. Activities consume time.

ACTIVITIES



2. Usually consume resources.

ACTIVITIES




3. Have a definable start and finish.

ACTIVITIES





4. Activities are assignable.

ACTIVITIES





4. Activities are assignable.

5. Activities are measurable.

ACTIVITIES

What is the number one fundamental purpose of a Schedule?

ACTIVITIES

What is the number one fundamental purpose of a Schedule?

Communicates When each Activity is planned to be accomplished.

ACTIVITIES

When is each Activity planned to be accomplished?

It logically follows that:


ACTIVITIES

1. Activities consume time. You will have events that you

want to include on your Schedule that mark a point in time – these events are referred to in Scheduling jargon as milestones.

ACTIVITIES

1. Activities consume time. You will have events that you

want to include on your Schedule that mark a point in time – these events are referred to in Scheduling jargon as milestones.

What is jargon?

ACTIVITIES

What is jargon? Every trade has unique

definitions for specific words The Glossary at the end of your

text contains common Scheduling terms – study it – You will need it for the midterm & final

ACTIVITIES

What does the word “course” mean to you?

ACTIVITIES

Definition of “course”:

1. Highway work – a layer of gravel or bituminous (base course)

2. Masonry – a horizontal row of brick or CMU block

3. Golf – a grassy pasture where you knock a ball around

ACTIVITIES

2. Activities consume Resources. (Usually, but not always) Review: What is the definition of

Resources on a Construction Job?

ACTIVITIES

Resources:What you build into your Estimate

for a ProjectLabor, materials, equipment,

subcontractorsMoney will sometimes also be

considered a resource (financing)

ACTIVITIES

3. Activities have a definable start and finish.

What determines when a work Activity can Start?

ACTIVITIES

What determines when a work Activity can Start?

When all the required preceding work is Finished (Predecessors).

When you have all the Resources available on the Jobsite that are needed to Start the work.

ACTIVITIES

3. Activities have a definable start and finish.

What determines when a work Activity has Finished?

ACTIVITIES

What determines when a work Activity has Finished?

When you can Start any follow-on work Activities (Successors) that depend on the completion of that Activity

ACTIVITIES

1. When you can Start any follow-on work Activities (Successors) that depend on the completion of that Activity.

What is the term we use to define this degree/level of completion on a Construction Project?

ACTIVITIES

What is the term we use to define this degree/level of completion?

Substantial Completion

We are talking about Activity Substantial Completion in this case – not Project Substantial Completion

ACTIVITIES

The terms Predecessor, Successor, and Concurrent are fundamental terms within Scheduling jargon

These are the three basic Activity inter-relationships when you are establishing your Project’s logic

ACTIVITIES

4. Activities are “assignable”. What does this mean?

ACTIVITIES

4. Activities are “assignable”. What does this mean? Responsibility and Accountability

for completing a given Activity can be delegated to either:

1) Individual (Foreman)

2) Entity (Subcontractor, Supplier)

ACTIVITIES

Why is it important to you, as a Project Manager, that Activities be assignable?

ACTIVITIES

Importance of Activities being assignable?

When you have hundreds or thousands of Activities on a Project – you need to delegate Responsibility for as many of those Activities as possible to someone else rather than yourself.

ACTIVITIES

What is the difference between Responsibility and Accountability?

ACTIVITIES

Responsibility (per Webster)

1. “liable to be called on to answer”

2. “liable to legal review, or in case of fault – to penalties”

3. “marked by or involving accountability”

ACTIVITIES

Accountability (per Webster)

1. “Answerable”

2. “A statement explaining one’s conduct”

3. “A statement of reasons, causes, grounds, or motives”

ACTIVITIES

Back to the original question: What is the difference between

Responsibility and Accountability?Which is the more powerful term?

ACTIVITIES

Which is the more powerful term?Accountability.When the day of reckoning comes for

anything that you are responsible for – your ability to accurately account for what happened may make the difference as to whether you keep your Job or not

ACTIVITIES

What gives you the ability to accurately account for everything that occurs on a Construction Project?

ACTIVITIES

What gives you the ability to accurately account for everything that occurs on a Construction Project?

DocumentationThe notes/reports/diary that you write

up at the end of every day!!!!!This can not be over-emphasized

ACTIVITIES

5. Activities are measurable. In order to determine the status of

your Project (degree of completion) – you will need to periodically assess how much work has been done (i.e. 25% complete) on each Activity, and then sum those up to determine the total Project status.

ACTIVITIES

5. Activities are measurable. Since monthly progress payments

are based on work completed, the Schedule is the tool used to determine how much money that the Contractor should receive each month

ACTIVITIES

5. Activities are measurable. All of the basic contract formats

(AIA, AGC, FAR, MDT) require the Contractor to submit an updated Schedule with the monthly payment request – otherwise the payment request will be rejected

ACTIVITIES

5. Activities are measurable. What will make your life easier

when it comes to “measuring” how much work has been completed?

ACTIVITIES

5. Activities are measurable. What will make your life easier

when it comes to “measuring” how much work has been completed?

Detailed Schedule

ACTIVITIES

What are the 5 types (Categories) of Activities that you will have on a Construction Project?

ACTIVITIES

Types (Categories) of Activities:

1. Administration

ACTIVITIES


1. Administration

2. Mobilization/Demobilization

(Mob/Demob)

ACTIVITIES


1. Administration


3. Procurement

ACTIVITIES


1. Administration


3. Procurement

4. Construction

ACTIVITIES


1. Administration


3. Procurement

4. Construction

5. Start-up and Testing

ACTIVITIES

1. Administration What are some examples of

“Administration” Activities

ACTIVITIES

“Administration” Activities Notice-to-Proceed (NTP)

> What is the significance of the

NTP?

ACTIVITIES

“Administration” Activities Significance of the NTP? This is when the Owner gives the

Contractor a written “directive” to start work

Day One of your contract performance period

ACTIVITIES

“Administration” Activities Notice-to-Proceed (NTP) Permits/Licenses

ACTIVITIES

“Administration” Activities Notice-to-Proceed (NTP) Permits/Licenses Change Orders (Contract

“Modifications”)

ACTIVITIES

“Administration” Activities Notice-to-Proceed (NTP) Permits/Licenses Change Orders (Modifications) Quality Control Procedures

ACTIVITIES

“Administration” Activities Notice-to-Proceed (NTP) Permits/Licenses Change Orders (Modifications) Quality Control Procedures Acceptance – Substantial and

Final Completion

ACTIVITIES

2. Mob/Demob Activities What are some examples of

Mobilization and Demobilization Activities?

ACTIVITIES

Mob/Demob Activities:

1. Field Office/Secure Storage Area

ACTIVITIES



2. Utilities – Power, Water, Electric

ACTIVITIES



2. Utilities – Power, Water

3. Hire/Train Work Crews

ACTIVITIES



2. Utilities – Power, Water


4. Obtain/Deliver/Set-up Equipment

- Cranes, Forklifts, Heavy Equip

ACTIVITIES



2. Utilities – Power, Water, Toilets


4. Obtain/Deliver/Set-up Equipment

5. Layout Work (Surveys)

ACTIVITIES


1. Administration


3. Procurement

4. Construction

5. Start-up and Testing

ACTIVITIES

Review: Procurement Activities: What is the definition of

Procurement?

ACTIVITIES

Procurement Activities: What is the definition of

Procurement? The process of obtaining

materials, supplies, etc. that you will need to get the Project done

ACTIVITIES

Procurement Activities: Your primary work effort be

associated with Procurement on your Job will be the preparation and processing of Submittals.

ACTIVITIES

Submittals are:

1. Shop Drawings,

2. Fabrication Drawings,

3. Catalog Cuts,

4. Manufacturer’s Literature, etc. They describe what you intend to

install in the Project

ACTIVITIES

Preparing Submittals: Submittals are done in advance –

before you start work on the Activity they are associated with

Proactive, prevention oriented

ACTIVITIES

Preparing Submittals:

Communication tool used to inform the Owner and the A/E of the materials and equipment that you intend to install in the finished product

ACTIVITIES

Submittals: The Owner and/or A/E’s review of

your Submittals provides them with the opportunity to agree or disagree with your interpretation of the contract requirements before the material is installed

ACTIVITIES

Submittals: What potential pitfalls do you see

with the Submittal process regarding your Schedule?

ACTIVITIES

Potential Submittal process pitfalls? How long will it take the A/E to

review the submittals? What happens if a submittal is

rejected?

ACTIVITIES

Potential Submittal process pitfalls? How long will it take the A/E to

review the submittals? 30 Calendar Days is standard

What happens if a submittal is rejected? You start all over again!

ACTIVITIES

3. Procurement Activities On a Construction Project, what

are the steps in the Procurement process?

ACTIVITIES

Procurement Process Steps:

1. Identify what you need

ACTIVITIES



2. Obtain quotes from different potential Suppliers

ACTIVITIES



2. Obtain quotes

3. Select a Supplier

ACTIVITIES



2. Obtain quotes


4. Shop Drawing Preparation

ACTIVITIES



2. Obtain quotes


4. Prepare Shop Drawings

5. Submit/Review of Shop Drawings

PROCUREMENT PROCESS STEPS


2. Obtain quotes




6. Receive Shop Drawing Approval



2. Obtain quotes





7. Prepare/Process Purchase Order



2. Obtain quotes






8. Supplier Fabricates Item



2. Obtain quotes







9. Delivery of Item to Jobsite

PROCUREMENT LADDER

1. Identify what you need2. Obtain quotes3. Select a Supplier4. Prepare Shop Drawings5. Submit/Review of Shop Drawings6. Receive Shop Drawing Approval7. Prepare/Process Purchase Order8. Supplier Fabricates Item9. Delivery of Item to Jobsite10. Install Item in the Project


How Long might it take you to get a unique, specialty fabricated item (i.e. not “off-the-shelf”) for your Project?


1. Identify what you need – 1 week2. Obtain quotes – 1 week3. Select a Supplier – 1 week4. Prepare Shop Drawings – 2 weeks5. Submit/Review of Shop Drawings – 1 wk6. Receive Shop Drawing Approval – 4 wks7. Prepare/Process Purchase Order – 1 wk8. Supplier Fabricates Item – 8 wks9. Delivery of Item to Jobsite – 1 wk> Total time = 20 weeks = 5 months

ACTIVITIES

This 10 step Procurement Process is often called the “Procurement Ladder”

One of your primary responsibilities as a Project Manager is to identify and control “long lead-time” materials and installed equipment, and build them into the Schedule

ACTIVITIES

Will each of the 10 steps in the “Procurement Ladder” be a separate Activity?

ACTIVITIES

Will each of the 10 steps in the “Procurement Ladder” be a separate Activity?

NoBut for your significant Procurement

Activities, the Procurement Ladder will generate several Activities

ACTIVITIES

Which of the “Procurement Ladder” steps on the following slide will be separate Activities when they relate to a significant part of your Project?

PROCUREMENT LADDER

1. Identify what you need2. Obtain quotes3. Select a Supplier4. Prepare Shop Drawings5. Submit/Review of Shop Drawings6. Receive Shop Drawing Approval7. Prepare/Process Purchase Order8. Supplier Fabricates Item9. Delivery of Item to Jobsite10. Install Item in the Project

PROCUREMENT LADDER ACTIVITIES

1. Identify what you need2. Obtain quotes3. Select a Supplier4. Prepare Shop Drawings5. Submit/ Review of Shop Drawings6. Receive Shop Drawing Approval7. Prepare/Process Purchase Order8. Supplier Fabricates Item9. Delivery of Item to Jobsite10. Install Item in the Project

PROCUREMENT LADDER ACTIVITIES


2. Submit/ Review of Shop Drawings



5. Install Item in the Project One significant Procurement related

item of work can easily result in five Activities on your Schedule

PROCUREMENT ACTIVITIES

Project Management is:

“having the right equipment and the right materials available at the right time and in the right quantities.”

Having too much can be as bad as not having enough – where do you store excess materials?

ACTIVITIES

Any other Questions on Procurement Activities?

ACTIVITIES

4. Construction Activities

- These are pretty straight-forward: Sitework Building the Structure Work by MEP Subs (and others) Interior Finishes

ACTIVITIES

5. Start-up and Testing ActivitiesWhat are some examples of Start-

up and Testing Activities?

ACTIVITIES

5. Start-up and Testing Activities:

1. Major Installed Equipment – HVAC, Standby Generators, etc.

2. Life Safety and Security Systems

3. Sterilizing Water Piping

4. Manufacturing Processes – Mechanical Systems

ACTIVITIES

5. Start-up and Testing ActivitiesWhat “phase” of the Job will you

usually find these Activities?

ACTIVITIES

5. Start-up and Testing ActivitiesWhat “phase” of the Job will you

usually find these Activities?Commissioning Phase –

immediately prior to the final inspections

ACTIVITIES

Activity IdentificationHow do you determine what

Activities you are going to build into your Project Schedule?

ACTIVITIES

Activity Identification1. Detailed review of all contract

documents2. Past practices of your Company

on similar projects they have completed in the past

3. Bid Estimate/ Bidding Documents4. Subcontractor/Supplier input

ACTIVITIES

Activity Identification

1. What work has to be done?

ACTIVITIES



2. Where is the work being done?

ACTIVITIES




3. Who is responsible for the work?

ACTIVITIES





4. When will the work be performed?

ACTIVITIES





4. When will the work be performed?

5. How will the work be accomplished?

ACTIVITIES

Activity Detail

What is the appropriate level of detail for:

$500K residential home$5M Bozeman Library$10M highway road project

ACTIVITIES

Activity DetailHow sophisticated is your Owner?How much information do they

want?

ACTIVITIES

Activity Detail

“Goldilocks Paradox”

ACTIVITIES

Activity Detail

“Goldilocks Paradox”Too much detail - confusing

ACTIVITIES

Activity Detail

“Goldilocks Paradox”Too much detail – confusing Too little detail – lacking info

ACTIVITIES

Activity Detail

“Goldilocks Paradox”Too much detail – confusing Too little detail – lacking infoJust right – depends on who is

working on a given Activity

LEVEL OF ACTIVITY DETAIL

1. What’s the purpose of the Schedule

- Who is going to be using it?



2. How complex is this part of the work

- different parts of a Project may require different levels of detail




3. What is your Company’s philosophy

- detailed for the Jobsite?

- summary for the Home Office?





4. What do you know about the work

- if it’s a Fast-Track Job, do you have enough info to Schedule the work?






5. Who is responsible for the work

- will a sub provide the Schedule for its work?






5. Who is responsible for the work

6. Will more or less detail make the Schedule more useful or accurate?


In Scheduling Jargon, what does the term “task” mean?


In Scheduling Jargon, what does the term “task” mean?

A “task” is a sub-element of an Activity

Tasks are individual items of work that all need to be accomplished for an Activity to get done


What are the Tasks that would be included in a Concrete Footing Activity?


Tasks in a Concrete Footing Activity?1. Obtain formwork boards/stakes2. Obtain tools – maul, stringline, level3. Shoot grade/level subgrade4. Install forms5. Order/deliver/place concrete6. Finish/cure concrete7. Strip forms and backfill/compact


On large or repetitive work Projects, Activities may be broken down by location or station:

2nd floor concrete deck Base course – stations 5+00 - 10+00


Some Owners restrict the time length of Activities to a period that can be more accurately measured

The Montana Department of Transportation specs allow a maximum Activity duration of 20 workdays – thus Activities should only span two monthly payment periods

ACTIVITIES

It is very important that each Activity Description be:

1. Brief/Concise

2. Totally Unique

3. Mean the Same to Everyone

4. Consistent Abbreviations Don’t rely on numbers to group or

to make descriptions unique

ACTIVITIES

Work Breakdown Structures (WBS):In the past WBS and numbering

systems were used to group Activities for various purposes

Now WBS are used primarily for financial accounting purposes – tracking planned costs against actual expenditures (Earned Value)

ACTIVITIES

Primavera Scheduling Software allows you to assign numerous Activity Codes to your Activities that you can use to sort/organize/ prioritize in an infinite number of combinations

CE 405 - SCHEDULING The term that you will use throughout the rest of your career to define the...

Documents

Transcript of CE 405 - SCHEDULING The term that you will use throughout the rest of your career to define the...