各国の科学技術...2012/11/01 · 210 Ⅲ 各国の科学技術 Indicators of S&T in selected...

Ⅲ　各国の科学技術Indicators of S&T in selected countries

204


25．各国の科学技術の概要　Outline of R&D activities in selected countries

25-1 米国 United States

25-1-1 米国総括 US summary

205

25．各国の科学技術の概要

Outline of R&D activities in selected countries

Ⅲ

206


25-1-2 米国組織別研究費の推移 R&D expenditures by research sector in the US

207



25-1-3 米国負担源別研究費割合の推移 R&D expenditures by source of funds in the US

Ⅲ

208


25-1-4 米国性格別研究費の推移 R&D expenditures by type of activity in the US

209



25-1-5 米国組織別研究者数の推移 Number of researchers by research sector in the US

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210


25-1-6 米国科学技術行政機構図 S&T administrative organizational charts in the US

The President The Congress

The House ofRepresentatives

The Senate

Government Accountability Office

Library of Congress

Congressional Budget Office

Office of Management andBudget

Council of Economic Advisers

Council on Environmental Quality

Under Secretary for Research,Education, and Economics

Under Secretary for NaturalResources and Environment

Under Secretary andAdministrator for Oceans and

Atmosphere

Under Secretary for International Trade

House Committees

Joint Committees

Senate Committees

Agricultural Research Service

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Economic Research Service

National Agricultural Statistics Service

Forest Service

Natural Resources Conservation Service

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

President’s Council ofAdvisors on Science and

Technology

National Science and Technology Council

Office of Science andTechnology Policy

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Assistant to the President for Science and Technology

Executive Office of the President

Congressional Research Service

211



Office of Fossil Energy

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Office of Nuclear Energy

Office of Environmental Management

Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability

Office of Science

Under Secretary

Under Secretary for Science

Department of Energy

Assistant Secretary forCommunications and

Information

Under secretaries of Defense, And Assistant Secretaries of

Defense, and other specified officials

Under Secretary for IntellectualProperty and Director

Defense Business Transformation Agency

Missile Defense Agency

Defense Advanced ResearchProjects Agency

Defense Information Systems Agency

National Geospatial-IntelligenceAgency

Institute of Education Sciences

Office of Innovation andImprovement

United States Patent andTrademark Office

National Institute of Standards and Technology

National Telecommunications andInformation Administration

Department of Defense

Department of the Air Force

Department of the Army

Department of the Navy

Federal EnergyRegulatory Commission

Department of Education

Advanced ResearchProjects Agency - Energy

Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs

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212


Health Resourcesand Services Administration

National Institutes of Health

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Homeland Security AdvancedResearch Projects Agency

U.S Coast Guard

U.S. Customs & Border Protection

Transportation Security Administration

Under Secretary for Scienceand Technology

Research and Development Partnerships

Administration for Children and Families

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Indian Health Service

Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality

Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention

Food and Drug Administration

Naval Reactor Office

Defense Programs Office

Defense NuclearNonproliferation Office

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Department of Health and Human Services

Department of Homeland Security

Under Secretary for Nuclear SecurityNational Nuclear Security Administrator

213



Bureau of Reclamation

Bureau of Land Management

Office of Surface Mining,Reclamation and Enforcement

Assistant Secretary, Land andMinerals Management

Bureau of Oceans and InternationalEnvironmental and Scientific Affairs

United States Agency forInternational Development

National Park Service

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

U.S. Geological Survey

Office of Healthy Homes andLead Hazard Control

Department of the Interior

Federal Motor Carrier SafetyAdministration

Research and InnovativeTechnology Administration

Pipeline and HazardousMaterial Safety Administration

Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Highway Administration

Federal Railroad Administration

National Highway Traffic safetyAdministration

Saint Lawrence SeawayDevelopment Corporation

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Assistant Secretary, Fish, Wildlife and Parks

Assistant Secretary, Water and Science

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

Department of Transportation

Department of State

Bureau of Safety andEnvironmental Enforcement

Science and Technology Advisor

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214


Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate

Science Mission Directorate

Aerospace Safety AdvisoryPanel

NASANASA Advisory Council

Aeronautics ResearchMission Directorate

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Office of Nuclear Material Safetyand Safeguards

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

Executive Director forOperations

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Office of New Reactors

Office of Federal and State Materialsand Environment Management Programs

Office of Nuclear Securityand Incident Response

Regional Offices (Region I-IV)

Office of Water

Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

Office of Air and Radiation

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention

Office of Research and Development

Environmental ProtectionAgency

Office of Environmental Information

215



National Science Board

Office of Polar Programs

Office of Budget, Finance andAward Management

Office of Information andResource Management

Office of International Scienceand Engineering

Directorate for Engineering

Directorate for Geosciences

Directorate for Mathematicaland Physical Sciences

Directorate for Social,Behavioral and Economic Sciences

Office of Cyber infrastructure

Office of Integrative Activities

Directorate for Computer &Information Science & Engineering

Directorate for Education andHuman Resources

Directorate for Biological Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Academy of Sciences

National Research Council

National Science Foundation

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216


25-2 欧州連合　European Union

25-2-1 欧州連合（EU-15）総括　EU-15 summary

217



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218


25-2-2 欧州連合（EU-27）総括　EU-27 summary

219



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220


25-2-3 欧州連合組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector in EU

221



25-2-4 欧州連合負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in EU

Ⅲ

222


25-2-5 欧州連合組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in EU

223



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224


25-2-6 欧州連合科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in EU

Research and Innovation

Competition

Industry, Research and Energy Committee

Communications Networks, Content and Technology

Enterprise and Industry

Mobility and Transport

Agriculture and Rural Development

Education and Culture

Economic and Financial Affairs

Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities

Environment

Maritime affairs and Fisheries

Health and Consumers

Internal Market and Services

Regional PolicyITU

Institute for Trans-uranium Elements

IETInstitute for Energy and Transport

ERCEuropean Research Council

Executive Agencies

REAResearch Executive Agency

EACIExecutive Agency for

Competitiveness and InnovationEACEA

The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency

EAHCExecutive Agency for

Health and Consumers

TEN-T EATrans-European Transport Network

Executive Agency

GIndustrial technologies

H Transport

European Parliament

A

Framework ProgrammeInterinstitutional relations

BEuropean Research Area

DInternational cooperation

CResearch and Innovation

E

Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food

F Health

IEnvironment

MManagement and

Operational Support - FP

KEnergy

IESInstitute for Environment

and Sustainability

IHCPInstitute for Health and Consumer Protection

Climate Action

Energy

European Council Council

RResources

Joint Research CentreIPSC

Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen

IPTSInstitute for Prospective Technology Studies

IRMMInstitute for Reference

Materials and Measurements

European Commission

225



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226


25-3 ドイツ　Germany

25-3-1 ドイツ総括　Germany summary

227



Ⅲ

228


25-3-2 ドイツ組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector in Germany

229



25-3-3 ドイツ負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in Germany

Ⅲ

230


25-3-4 ドイツ性格別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by type of activity in Germany

231



25-3-5 ドイツ組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in Germany

Ⅲ

232


25-3-6 ドイツ科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in Germany

Bundeskanzler

BKBundeskanzleramt

FuE-Institute der Länder

Hochschulen

WRWissenschaftsrat

DFGDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft e.V.

MPG 87Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung

der Wissenschaften e.V.

FhG 60Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der

Angewandten Forschung e.V.

(WGL) 88Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried

Wilhelm Leibniz

SWPStiftung Wissenschaft und Politik

GWKGemeinsame Wissenschaftskonferenz

EFIExpertenkommission Forschung

und Innovation

BMBFBundesministerium fürBildung und Forschung

16Länderregierungen

HGF 18Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

Deutscher Forschungszentren (AWI)

DESYDKFZ)

DLR(DZNE)

FZJGSI

GEOMAR(HZB)

HZDR(HZI)UFZ

HZGHZM

GFZKIT

MDCIPP

233



AAAuswärtiges Amt

BMIBundesministerium des Innern

BMWi Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie

BMELVBundesministerium für Ernährung,

Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz

BMVgBundesministerium der Verteidigung

BMFSFJBundesministerium für Familie,Senioren,

Frauen und Jugend

BMASBundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales

BWB)Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung

BMGBundesministerium für Gesundheit

BMVBSBundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und

Stadtentwicklung

BMUBundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und

Reaktorsicherheit

(UBAUmweltbundesamt

B NBundesamt für Naturschutz

B SBundesamt für StrahlenschutzBMZ

Bundesministerium für WirtschaftlicheZusammenarbeit und Entwicklung

DLR

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234


25-4 フランス　France

25-4-1 フランス総括　France summary

235



Ⅲ

236


25-4-2 フランス組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector in France

237



25-4-3 フランス負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in France

Ⅲ

238


25-4-4 フランス性格別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by type of activity in France

239



25-4-5 フランス組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in France

Ⅲ

240


25-4-6 フランス科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in France

Président de la République

HCST: Haut Conseil de la Science et de la Technologie

AERES: Agence d’Evaluation de laRecherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur

Haut comité pour la transparence etl’information sur la sécurité nucléaire

Premier Ministre

Centre d’Analyse Stratégique

Universités

Grandes Ecoles

Direction générale pour l'enseignement supérieur et l’insertion professionnelle

Direction Générale la Recherche et del’Innovation

ANR: Agence Nationale de la Recherche

OST: Observatoire des Sciences et desTechnologies

IHEST: Institut de Hautes Etudes pour la Science et la Technologie

CNESER: Conseil National de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche

CSRT: Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologies

Ministère de l’Enseignment supérieur et de laRecherche

Ministère des Affaires étrangèreset européennes

241



INRIA: Institut National de la Recherche enInformatique et en Automatique

CEA:Commissariat à l’énergie atomiqueet aux énergies alternatives

Ministère de l‘Économie, des Finances

INSEE: Institut National de la Statistique et desÉtudes Économiques

ADEME: Agence de l’Environnement et de laMaîtrise de l’Energie

INRA: Institut National de la RechercheAgronomique

IFREMER: Institut Français de Recherche pourl’Exploitation de la Mer

Le Muséum National d’histoire Naturelle

ONERA: Office National d’Études et deRecherches Aérospatiales

Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie

CNRS: Centre National de la RechercheScientifique

CNES: Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales

Ministère de la Défence

OSÉO Innovation

Ministère de l’ Écologie, du Développement Durable et de l’ Énergie

Ministère de l’Agriculture de l’Agroalimentaire, et de la Forêt

Ministère des affaires sociales et de la santé

Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication

INSERM: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale

Ministère de Redressement Productif

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242


25-5 英国　United Kingdom

25-5-1 英国総括　UK summary

243



Ⅲ

244


25-5-2 英国組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures research sector in the UK

245



25-5-3 英国負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in the UK

Ⅲ

246


25-5-4 英国組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in the UK

247



25-5-5 英国科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in the UK

Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)

Council for Science and Technology (CST) (BBSRC)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

(EPSRC)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)

Medical Research Council (MRC)

Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

UK Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO)

Government Chief Scientific Adviser (GCSA)

UK Space Agency

The Royal Academy of Engineering

Energy Technology Institute (ETI)

Technology Strategy Board (TSB)

National Measurement Office (NMO)

Department for Education (DfE)

*Higher Education Funding Council (HEFCE)

The Royal Society

The British Academy

Wellcome Trust

Cancer Research UK

British Science Association

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

Department of Health (DH)

HM Treasury

Ministry of Defense (MoD)

Department for Transport (DfT)

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)

National Health Service (NHS)

Office for Strategic Coordination of Health Research (OSCHR)

British Council

Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC)

Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)

UK Trade and Investment

Sanger Institute

House of Commons

House of LordsScience and Technology Committee

House of Commons Science and Technology Committee

Horizon Scanning Centre

Government Office of Science (Go-Science)

Department for International Development (DFID)

House of Lords

Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST)

*Universities

Research Councils UK (RCUK)

National Endowment for Science, Technology and Arts (NESTA)

Cabinet

Parliament

Prime Minister

Department for Business, Innovation & Skills (BIS)

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248


25-6 中国　China

25-6-1 中国総括　China summary

249



Ⅲ

250


25-6-2 中国組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector in China

251



25-6-3 中国負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in China

Ⅲ

252


25-6-4 中国性格別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by type of activity in China

253



25-6-5 中国組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in China

Ⅲ

254


25-6-6 中国科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in China

National People’s Congress

National Development and Reform Commission

(CAEA)China Atomic Energy Authority

Institute of Scientific & Technological Information of China

State Leading Group for Science,Technology and Education

Ministry of Industry and Information

(CNSA)China National Space Administration

State Statistics Bureau

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Chinese Academy of Engineering

Development Research Center

State Bureau of Seismology(CMA)

China Meteorological Administration

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Local Governments

Chinese Academy of Strategic Studies for S&T Development

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

State Oceanic Administration

ResearchInstitutions

Ministry of Education

Ministry of Transport

Ministry of Agriculture

Ministry of Defence

Ministry of Health

Ministry of Housing and Urban-RuralConstruction

Water Resources

Land and Resources

Ministry of Environmental Protection

Finance

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

Science &Technology Commission

14

15State Intellectual Property Office

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

27

State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs

National Energy BureauAcademy of Military Sciences

PRC Central Military Commission

CPC Central Military CommissionState Council

Ministry of Science and Technology

(CAS)Chinese Academy of Science

State Food & Drug Administration

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Universities



State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine

255



Ⅲ

256


25-7 韓国　Rep. of Korea

25-7-1 韓国総括　Rep. of Korea summary

257



Ⅲ

258


25-7-2 韓国組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures research sector in Rep. of Korea

259



25-7-3 韓国負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in Rep. of Korea

Ⅲ

260


25-7-4 韓国性格別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by type of activity in Rep. of Korea

261



25-7-5 韓国組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in Rep. of Korea

Ⅲ

262


25-7-6 韓国科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in Rep. of Korea

President

KISTKorea Institute of Science and Technology

KARIKorea Aerospace Research Institute

KAERIKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute

NFRINational Fusion Research Institute

KRIBBKorea Research Institute of

Bioscience and Biotechnology

KISTIKorea Institute of Science

and Technology Information

(ETRI)Electronics and Telecommunications

Research Institute

(KIMM)Korea Institute of Machinery

and Materials

Ministry of Strategy and Finance

RDA)Rural Development Administration

DAPADefense Acquisition Program Administration

Ministry of Health & Welfare

Ministry of Knowledge Economy

Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries

Ministry of Environment

Prime Minister

Universities

Ministry of Education, Science Technology

NSTCNational Science and Technology Commission

PACESTPresidential Advisory

Council on Education, Science & Technology

(STEPI)Science and Technology Policy Institute

Senior Secretary to the President for National Future

KISTEPKorea Institute of S&T

Evaluation and Planning

NRFNational Research Foundation of Korea

KRCFSTKorea Research Council

of Fundamental Science & Technology

IstKKorea Council for Industrial

Science and Technology

Special Advisor to the President for Science and Technology

Presidential Committee on Green Growth

Presidential Council on Future and Vision

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime AffairsADD

Agency for Defense Development

(NASNational Academy of Science

(KASTKorean Academy of Science and Technology

(KOFSTKorean Federation of S&T Societies

Ministry of Defense

IBSInstitute for Basic Science

Secretary to the President for S&T

KOFACKorea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Creativity

Korea Communications Commission

263



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264


25-8 ロシア　Russian Federation

25-8-1 ロシア総括　Russian Federation summary

265



Ⅲ

266


25-8-2 ロシア組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector in Russian Federation

267



25-8-3 ロシア負担源別研究費割合の推移

R&D expenditures by source of funds in Russian Federation

Ⅲ

268


25-8-4 ロシア性格別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by type of activity in Russian Federation

269



25-8-5 ロシア組織別研究者数の推移

Number of researchers by research sector in Russian Federation

Ⅲ

270


25-8-6 ロシア科学技術行政機構図

S&T administrative organizational charts in Russian Federation

President

Government

Parliament

Department of Science, High Technology and Education

Council for Science, Technology and Education

Commission for Modernization and TechnologicalDevelopment of Russia’s Economy

Ministry of Defense

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Commission on High Technologies and Innovations

The Council of Federation

State Duma Committee for Science and Science Intensive Technology

Committee for Education and Science

Ministry of Education and Science

The State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM

National Research Center ”Kurchatov Institute”

RospatentThe Federal Service of Intellectual Property

(Rosobrnadzor)The Federal Service of Supervision in the

sphere of Education and Science

Higher Education Institutions

Russian Academy of Sciences

Siberian Branch

Ural Branch

Far Eastern Branch

(RFBR)Russian Foundation for Basic Research

(RFH)Russian Foundation for Humanities

(FASIE)The Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises

Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology

Ministry of Industry and Trade

Ministry of Communications and Mass Media

Ministry of Energy

Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development

Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Russian Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of Agriculture

Ministry of Economic Development

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Disaster Relief

Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision(Rostexnadzor)

Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)

Department of Science and Education Policy

Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development

Federal Biomedical Agency

Ministry of Regional Development

Ministry of Far East Development

)Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies ”RUSNANO”

Russian Venture Company

271



25-9 カナダ　Canada

25-9-1 カナダ組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector in Canada

Ⅲ

272


25-9-2 カナダ負担源別研究費割合の推移　R&D expenditures by source of funds in Canada

273



25-9-3 カナダ組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector in Canada

Ⅲ

274


25-9-4 カナダ科学技術行政機構図　S&T administrative organizational charts in Canada

Prime Minister

Science, Technology and Innovation CouncilIndustry Canada

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

(R)(Advisory Body to the Government of Canada)

(F/R)

(F)

(F)

(R)

RF

Canadian Space Agency

National Research Council Canada

Natural Sciences and EngineeringResearch Council of Canada

Social Sciences and HumanitiesResearch Council of Canada

Statistics Canada

Canada Foundation for Innovation

Genome Canada

Health Canada

Natural Resources Canada

Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Environment Canada

Transport Canada

National Defense

Defense Research and Development Canada

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade

Canadian International Development Agency

International Development Research Center

(R)

(F)

(F/R)

Council of Canadian Academies

(R)

Cabinet

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (R)

(F)

275



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276


25-10 その他の国 / 地域　Other countries/regions

277



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278


279



Ⅲ

280


281



Ⅲ

282


26．科学技術関係予算　S&T budget

283

26．科学技術関係予算

S&T budget

Ⅲ

284


27．研究費　R&D expenditures

27-1 組織別研究費の推移　R&D expenditures by research sector

285

27．研究費

R&D expenditures

Ⅲ

286


27-2 性格別研究費割合　R&D expenditures by research sector and type of activity

287

27．研究費

R&D expenditures

Ⅲ

288


28．研究人材　R&D personnel

28-1 組織別研究者数の推移　Number of researchers by research sector

289

28．研究人材

R&D personnel

Ⅲ

290


28-2 研究関係従業者数　Number of R&D personnel by kind of occupation

291

28．研究人材

R&D personnel

28-3 専攻分野別学位取得者数の推移　Number of degrees granted by field of science

Ⅲ

292


29．ノーベル賞及びフィールズ賞の各国別受賞者数　

Number of Nobel Prize and Fields Prize winners by country

293

29．ノーベル賞及びフィールズ賞の各国別受賞者数

Number of Nobel Prize and Fields Prize winners by country

Ⅲ

294


30．技術貿易額　Technology trade value

295

30．技術貿易額

Technology trade value

Ⅲ

296


31．特許　Patents

31-1 特許件数の推移　Number of patents by country

31-1-1 出願　Patent applications

297

31．特許

Patents

31-1-2 登録　Patent grants

Ⅲ

298


31-2 国籍別特許件数　Number of patents by applicant's nationality

31-2-1 出願（2010 年）　Patent applications (2010)

299

31．特許

Patents

31-2-2 登録（2010 年）　Patent grants (2010)

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各国の科学技術...2012/11/01 · 210 Ⅲ 各国の科学技術 Indicators of S&T in selected...

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