8/13/2019 Ce 152 Hydrology

1/3

CE 152 HYDROLOGY

a. Introductionb. Solar radiationc. Temperatured. Stable and unstable aire. Humidityf. Windg. Precipitationh. Evapotranspirationi. Streamflowj. Flood probabilityk. Subsurface water

Hydrology-study of movement, distribution and quantity of water throughout the earth.

Water covers 70% of the earths surface

Total volume=1.5 km3

o Saltwater=95%o Freshwater=5%

Frozen=4% Liquid-1%

Groundwater=.98 Lakes-.01 Soil=.002 Rivers-.002 Biological-.005

Branches of hydrology

o Chemical hydrologyo Ecohydrologyo Hydrogeologyo Hydroinformaticso Hydrometeorologyo Isotope hydrologyo Surface hydrology

Related fields

o Aquatic chemistryo Civil engineeringo Climatologyo Environmental engineeringo Environmental wngineering scienceso Geomorphologyo Hydrographyo Hydraulic engineeringo Oceanographyo Physical geography

Quantifying groundwater flow and transport

o Aquifer cahracterization Flow direction

Piezometer Conductivity Geophysical methods

Quantifying surface water

o Stream guageo Tracer techniqueso Chemical transporto Sediment transport and erosiono Stream-aquifer exchange

Quantifying hyrologi exchange

o Precipitation Bulk rain

Disdrometer Radar Rain gauge Satellite Sling psychometer

Remote sensing

o Land based sensoro Airborne sensorso Satellite sensors

8/13/2019 Ce 152 Hydrology

2/3

Water quantityo Saple collectiono Insitu methodso Physical measurementso Collection of samples to quantify organic compoundso Collection of samples to quantify inorganic compoundso Analysis of aqueous organic compoundso Analysis of aqueous inorganic compoundso Microbiological sampling and analysis

Integrating measurement and modelling

o Budget analyseso Parameter estimationo Scaling intime and spaceo Data assimilationo Quantity control of data

Applications of hydrology

o Determining the water balance of a regiono Determining the agricultural water balanceo Designing riparian restoration projectso Mitigating and predicting flood, andslide and drought risko Real-time flood forecasting and flood warningo Designing irrigation schemes and managing agricultural productivityo Providing drinking watero Designing bridgeso Designing dams for water supply and hydroelectric power generationo Designing sewers and urban drainage systemo Hydriopowero Water cycleo Water distribution on eartho Wataer managemento Hydrology

Water cycle describes the continuos movement of water on above and below the surface of the earth

Different processes

o Precipitation Forms

Drizzle Rain Snow Sleet Hail stone Dew Fog Mist

Composition of atmosphere

o Gase Nitrogen=78.048 Oxygen 20.946 Ar-.934 Carbon dioxide-.33 Trace gases-.033

o Liquidso solids

structure of the atmosphere

o troposphereo stratosphere

ozonosphereo mesosphereo thermosphere

ionosphere magnetosphere

o exosphereimpact of humanity in the atmosphere

o a change in composition and a change in heat content RESULT DUE TO CONGESTED URBAN CENTERS DUE TO COMBUSTION DUE TO IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

o Change in the actual gaseous composition of the atmosphere which have serious effect on health

8/13/2019 Ce 152 Hydrology

3/3