Updates in the evolutionof CDMA2000Since the spring of 2000, the evolution ofthird-generation CDMA systems haschanged dramatically. Previously, the in-dustry was focused on a widerband approachto high data rates—commonly referred to asCDMA2000 3X or 3XRTT. The 3X stan-dard has now been superseded by a two-phase strategy called CDMA2000 1xEV,where 1xEV stands for 1X evolution, or evo-lution using 1.25 MHz. Today’sCDMA2000 1X systems are based on a stan-dard 1.25 MHz carrier for delivering highdata rates and increased voice capacity (Figure 1).

Advances in the industry and engineeringprowess contributed to new proposals forhigher data throughput and more capacity

while maintaining the 1.25 MHz band-width. Operators and manufactures soon re-alized that there were inherent cost, back-ward compatibility and timing advantagesin keeping with the 1.25 MHz bandwidthfor evolution. Thus, CDMA2000 3X hasnow been put on the wayside until marketdemands make it necessary to migrate to awiderband carrier (3.75 MHz).

1xEV-DOThe two phases of 1xEV are labeled 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV. DO stands fordata only; DV stands for data and voice.CDMA2000 1xEV-DO was standardized bythe Telecommunications Industry Associa-tion (TIA) in October 2000. 1xEV-DO wasrecently recognized by the ITU-R WP8F asan IMT-2000 standard. Formal approval isexpected to be granted in November, whenthe standard is submitted to ITU-R SG-8.Ericsson has made significant contributionsto the standard, including the provisions forhandoff and interoperability with theCDMA2000 1X standard.

1xEV-DO can provide customers withpeak data rates of 2.4 Mbit/s. To implement1xEV-DO, operators will have to install aseparate carrier that is dedicated to data-only use at each cell location where high-speed data services are demanded. Howev-er, customers will be able to handoff seam-lessly from a 1X to a 1xEV-DO carrier (Fig-ure 2).

150 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

CDMA2000—A world viewJohan Langer and Gwenn Larsson

The world’s first CDMA2000 networks were launched in Korea in October2000, providing 144 kbit/s data rates to subscribing customers and deliv-ering nearly twice the voice capacity that operators experienced with theircdmaOne (IS-95) systems. The success of the CDMA2000 1X system inKorea has encouraged many operators in the Americas and Asia to followthrough with their plans to launch CDMA2000 this year.

The authors outline some of the products and describe product advan-tages that Ericsson CDMA customers will gain when rolling out Ericsson’sCMS 11 R3 to provide third-generation services early next year. Theauthors also describe some of the key enablers in CMS 11 R3.

All IP

IS-95-A CDMA voice, packet – 9.6/14.4 kbit/s

IS-95-B CDMA voice, packet – 64 kbit/s

IS-2000 1X 144 kbit/s, 600 kbit/s peak IS-2000 1xEV – DO

600 kbit/s, 2.4 Mbit/s peak

IS-2000 1xEV-DV 2–5 Mbit/s peak

Interworking function CDMA2000 PCN/Mobile IP

CDMA2000

cdmaOne

Figure 1CDMA standards evolution.

Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 151

The first 1xEV-DO systems will belaunched in 2002, approximately 18months after the launch of the firstCDMA2000 1X system. Ericsson productsare scheduled for delivery in late 2002 aspart of CMS 11 R4.

1xEV-DVThe second phase of the 1xEV standardiza-tion is currently underway, and a goal hasbeen set to complete the 1xEV-DV standardby the end of 2001. Several proposals are onthe table for this phase of third-generation CDMA. Operator requirements,laid out with the help of the CDMA Devel-opment Group (CDG), focus on providinghigh-speed data and voice on one carrier—thereby eliminating the need for a separatecarrier. Also, provisions should be made fordelivering • real-time packet-data services; and • better mechanisms for guaranteeing a

given quality of service. Likewise, improved average throughput andpeak rates are expected as well as greater ca-pacity for voice. These are lofty goals for astandardization body that must deliver allthis using the same 1.25 MHz carrier, butmany people feel that the goals can be at-tained.

It is too early to confirm what the finalstandard for 1xEV-DV will offer CDMA op-erators and customers, but continued evo-lution with 1.25 MHz will speed up roll-

out, lower costs, and guarantee easily main-tained backward compatibility with previ-ous systems. 1xEV-DV systems are antici-pated to be available in 2003 or 2004.

Core network evolutionWhile the media focus seems to be primar-ily on the air-interface evolution ofCDMA2000, other standards groups, name-ly the Third-generation Partnership ProjectTwo (3GPP2) and TIA, are quietly and dili-

1X From CDMA2000 1X (IS-2000), derived from 1XRTT,signifying 1 x 1.25 MHz carrier

1xEV 1X evolution1xEV-DO 1xEV data only1xEV-DV 1xEV data and voice3GPP/3GPP2 Third-generation Partnership

Project/Two3X From CDMA2000 3X (IS-2000-

A), derived from 3XRTT, sig-nifing 3 x 1.25 MHz carriers

AAA Authentication, authorizationand accounting

AC Authentication centerANSI American National Standards

InstituteAPI Application program interfaceATM Asynchronous transfer modeBSC Base station controllerBSS Base station subsystemCDG CDMA Development GroupCDMA Code-division multiple

accessCPP Cello packet platform

DSSS Direct-sequence spread spectrum

GSM Global system for mobile communication

HA Home agentHLR Home location registerIDAE Integrated distributed

application environmentIEEE Institute of Electrical and

Electronics EngineersIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIOS Interoperability standardIP Internet protocolIRP Integration reference pointITU International Telecommunication

UnionIWF Interworking functionLAN Local area networkMCPA Multicarrier power amplifierMIP Mobile IPMSC Mobile switching centerNMS Network management systemOAM&P Operation, administration, main-

tenance, and provisioning

PCN Packet core networkPDA Personal digital assistantPDSN Packet data service nodeQoS Quality of serviceRAN Radio access networkRBS Radio base stationRNC Radio network controllerRNM Radio network managerSCP Service control pointSDK Software development kitSLA Service level agreementSMS Short message serviceSMS-C SMS centerTDMA Time-division multiple accessTIA Telecommunications Industry

AssociationTMN Telecommunications manage-

ment networkWAP Wireless application protocolWCDMA Wideband CDMAWIN Wireless intelligent networkWLAN Wireless LANWML WAP markup languageWSN WLAN serving node

BOX A, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Figure 2The CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO interworking function provides faster end-user data connections.

Scan the 1X carrier

1X

1xEV-DO

Packet data handoff performed

1X

1xEV-DO

1X

1xEV-DO

Packet data handoff performed

gently working on the core network evolu-tion of CDMA2000, which starts with theintroduction of a packet core network andevolves all the way to a system that can de-liver services using IP protocols from end toend. Ericsson has been a key contributor tothis work, primarily by bringing in exper-tise from the standardization of all-IP in3GPP. The evolution to all-IP forCDMA2000 systems is based on existing Internet protocols and standards. The workin 3GPP2 is also closely tied to work in theInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

As core networks evolve, synergies be-tween CDMA2000 and WCDMA net-works will be beneficial to global operatorsand to the industry as a whole. Interoper-ability in the network between various airinterfaces and other access media will be-come more and more important as wirelessservice providers expand the scope of theirtelecommunications businesses throughpartnerships and increased service offer-ings. Ericsson has already begun laying outproduct plans for future releases ofCDMA2000 core network components.

Ericsson’s CDMA2000 1X productsEricsson’s CDMA2000 1X products are partof the CMS 11 R3 product plans, which will

be commercially available in 2002. Many ofthe products have been built from theground up or have been taken from the glob-al technology platform used for WCDMA.This gives Ericsson a lead over the compe-tition. Also, the macro radio base station(RBS) designs in a micro package continueto lead the CDMA industry in many ways.

With CMS 11 R3 products, key changeswill be made in the fundamentals of CDMA,including higher-speed data capabilities, always-on connectivity, and vastly im-proved voice capacity. A new system node,the packet core network (PCN), has been in-troduced for connection to the IP network(Figure 3). These fundamental productchanges will benefit both cdmaOne andTDMA operators who migrate their net-works to CDMA2000.

Radio access networkCMS 11 R3 is a commercial radio access net-work (RAN) product that implements theIS-2000-A standard for CDMA wirelesscommunication. The CMS 11 is a third-generation mobile communications systemthat is capable of supporting the communi-cation needs of mobile users in a third-generation environment. The Ericsson radioaccess network uses an IS-2000 air interfaceand the ANSI-41 core network. (Re-use ofcomponents in the ANSI-41 network are es-

152 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

RBSWLAN

CDMA2000 cdmaOne

External network

IP network

PDSN

PCN

HAAAAWSN

Access network Access

networkAccess network

PSTN

ANSI-41 network

Location services

E- commerce

iPulse SCP

Prepaid

HLR/AC server

SMS, OTASP

UM/VMS

MSC

BSC BSC

Messaging/ Multimedia

IWFWAP server

Services

Network management

Applications

Terminals

Figure 3Total CDMA solution.

Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 153

pecially beneficial to TDMA operators whoplan to implement CDMA2000 for third-generation services.) The RAN,which consists of the BSC 1120 (base sta-tion controller, BSC), the RBS 1127, andthe radio network manager (RNM), is interoperable with switches from numerousvendors via the interoperability standard(IOS) interface. Ericsson’s third-generationCDMA2000 radio access network(CDMA2000 RAN) makes it possible tooffer advanced mobile multimedia applica-tions between user equipment (mobilephones, terminals, personal digital assis-tants, and laptops) and a packet core net-work linked to Internet applications.

Radio base station

Ericsson is the world leader in the design ofcompact, large-capacity radio base stationsfor all CDMA standards. All of Ericsson’sRBS products offer the most advanced tech-nology available in attractive, compactmodels.

The RBS 1127, which is one of Ericsson’sCDMA2000 radio base stations, is targetedfor use in a broad range of small-to-large-capacity applications, supporting a maxi-mum configuration of four radio frequency(RF) carriers with three sectors per carrier.Compared to IS-95 base stations, the RBS 1127 provides nearly twice the voicecapacity per carrier. It also provides quickpaging and higher data rates as defined bythe IS-2000 (CDMA2000) standard. Beingeconomical and scalable, the RBS 1127 pro-vides multi-carrier capability in a low-profile and compact solution, and allows forlow-cost growth through the deployment ofadditional remote units. What is more, theRBS 1127 has been designed to provide highreliability and to accommodate futureCDMA2000 capabilities, such as 1xEV. Itsdesign has been optimized for rapid instal-lation and ease of maintenance, in order tolimit capital and operating expenses. It sup-ports both the 800 MHz and 1900 MHz fre-quency bands, and is IS-2000- and IS-95-compliant to, as well as backward compati-ble with, existing IS-95-based mobile sta-tions.

The RBS 1127 Compact is an indoor/out-door radio base station that consists of onemain unit and up to six remote units. Asshown in Figure 4, each remote unit can sup-port one sector and up to two RF carriers.An additional remote unit can be deployedin each sector to support up to four RF car-riers in a three-sector configuration. The

main and remote units are small enough tobe easily mounted to a pole, tower, wall orother suitable surfaces. Operators can firstdeploy a single carrier cell, and later, in acost-effective manner, increase the capacityof the RBS 1127 as the capacity of the cellincreases.

Base station controller

The BSC 1120 is the latest base station con-troller from Ericsson’s new line of productsbuilt for the CDMA2000 network. The BSC 1120 is a modern, high-availabilitybase station controller built on the Cellopacket platform (CPP), which is Ericsson’sasynchronous transfer mode (ATM) trans-port and control platform. The CPP is usedin a wide range of products, such as theCDMA2000 RBS, WCDMA RNC,WCDMA RBS, media gateways, and IProuters.

When designing the BSC 1120, the de-velopers wanted to make it modular andcost-effective both for small and large sys-tems. The product’s modular architecturesupports growth in traffic channel capacityfrom as few as 96 channels to as many as6,144, which makes the BSC 1120 ex-tremely scalable.

cdmaOne RBS 1107 compact RF

RF 1

RF 1

RF 2

RF 2 RF 1

RF 2

RF 3

RF 3

RF 4

RF 4 RF 3

RF 4

RF 1

RBS 1127 main unit

RF 2

RF 3

RF 4

CDMA2000 ASIC and software

Global platform technology components

CDMA2000 compact RBS

Figure 4The highly scalable RBS 1127 Compact, whose performance-to size ratio is the best in theindustry.

The BSC 1120 has been designed withhigh availability as an integral part of thehardware and software architecture. Thereare no single points of failure in the hard-ware architecture. Each shelf in the unit sup-ports the ability to hot-swap boards andpower supplies. All software components areeither distributed (n+1 redundancy) or havehot-standby counterparts (1+1 redundan-cy). The resulting product is 99.999 percentavailable with at least 50% of maximum ca-pacity fully operational. Total system down-time is less than six minutes per year. More-over, the BSC 1120 does not require anytotal system downtime during software up-grades.

The Ericsson BSC 1120 has been designedto be compliant with IOS 4.0. This givesservice providers the freedom to build theirnetworks using the best available productsfrom other IOS-compliant equipment ven-dors. Ericsson’s CDMA2000 RAN isuniquely positioned to provide a plug-and-play wireless system that can connect to avariety of switching platforms, includingswitches from Alcatel, Nortel and Lucent.Open systems allow operators to maximize

the potential of their existing switch in-vestments and create competition throughthe rapid evolution of equipment and tech-nology. They also give operators the free-dom to choose from among various suppli-ers for optimum system performance andprice. By choosing a standardized open in-terface, operators can ensure interoperabili-ty now and in the future through a clear mi-gration path to other IOS devices.

Differentiation from the competitionAn analysis made of competitive offeringsfor CDMA2000 infrastructure showed thatEricsson is in the lead, especially when itcomes to the footprint-to-capacity ratio ofinfrastructure. This ratio is a way of mea-suring the overall size of the offered infra-structure with the overall performance (ca-pacity, number of carriers, and so on.) Ericsson’s CDMA2000 offering thus leadsthe industry in terms of the RBS, BSC andmobile switching center (Figure 5).

The Ericsson 1120 BSC also leads theCDMA industry in terms of footprint-to-capacity: Ericsson can provide its customerswith 7,500 erlangs of support in just threeracks, thanks to a brand new platform forthird-generation services. Most competitorsare solely offering upgrades to existing, largesecond-generation BSCs. Ericsson is thusleap-frogging ahead of the competition withnew performance-enhancing and space-saving products (Figure 6).

Mobile switching centerThe CMS 11 R3 introduces CDMA2000 1Xsupport in the mobile switching center(MSC) along with several other software fea-tures. The MSC Version 3 software for cdmaOne and CDMA2000 networks can beapplied to both the CMX64 and CMX3Gplatforms.

Release 3.2 includes version 3 of the MSCsoftware features. Enhanced capabilities in-clude support for the CDG IOS version 4.0for cdmaOne and CDMA2000 interoper-ability, and much more. Feature compati-bility with ANSI-41 services is also a plusfor TDMA operators who migrate toCDMA2000.

Internet services platform and mobileInternet enablersSeveral new nodes or node enhancementswill be available to Ericsson’s CDMA cus-tomers, enabling them to offer advancedcalling and mobile Internet services, and tobuild a multi-access Internet services net-

154 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

Option 1EricssonCarriers

4:1 4:1 7:1

4:1 4:1 7:1

2:1 3:1 4:1

4:1

1 x 3

2 x 3

3 x 3

4 x 33:1 N/T

Option 2 Option 3

= 5 cu.ft. or 142 ltr or 1minibar refrigeratoror

Figure 5RBS performance-to-size comparison. The RBS 1127 Compact delivers three times asmuch performance (number of carriers) per unit of space.

Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 155

work. CMS 11 R1 and R2 introduced theAXC 700 interworking function (IWF),which is necessary for providing IS-9-A dataservices. This application functionality(provided in software) runs on the Tigris AccessOS; thus, the AXC 700 IWF providessmooth migration from second- to third-generation networks. The interworkingfunction, for example, can be upgraded tosupport the packet data service node(PDSN) function in the packet core net-work. An added benefit of the AXC 700IWF is the flexibility it affords operators inredeploying and reconfiguring the hardwareplatform to meet changing application re-quirements.

Ericsson’s CDMA mobile Internet anddata solutions give customers the opportu-nity to enhance their current service offer-ing and to find new avenues for adding usageminutes, new subscriber services, and mostimportantly, new subscribers. Ericsson isalso establishing partnerships with applica-tion and content providers to give customersend-to-end solutions for data services. All ofEricsson’s service-network and data-enabling products are based on industry-standard open interfaces to ensure compat-ibility in multi-vendor environments.

Packet core network Ericsson’s CDMA2000 packet core networkis the cornerstone of end-to-end IP-basedwireless services in a CDMA2000 network(Figure 7). The PCN product line enablesoperators to capture the full revenue streamsfrom the CDMA2000 network as well as cir-cuit mode fax and data services. The packetcore network links the radio access networkwith rapidly evolving services using IP net-works, such as the public Internet, a privateoperator IP service network, Internet serviceproviders, corporate intranets, wireless localarea networks (LAN), or any other IP net-work. PCN products—also referred to asnodes—are the PDSN, home agent (HA),and the authentication, authorization andaccounting (AAA) policy framework. ThePDSN and HA—which are the payload-handling nodes—have been developed onEricsson’s access routers. The IP policy man-agement capability that resides in AAA pro-vides operators with a flexible and efficienttool for launching new services in their net-works. Service innovation and customer careare critical factors for success in capturingnew revenues and retaining customers.

Ericsson’s packet core network forCDMA2000 supports wireless mobility

with Mobile IP (MIP) as a fundamental partof the architecture. The use of Mobile IP en-ables true Internet mobility. The open in-terface to the radio access network uses theIOS R-P interface.

25

cdmaOne BSC 2,500 erlangs

Ericsson

Competitors (estimated weighted average)

CDMA2000 BSC 2,500 erlangs

CDMA2000 BSC 7,500 erlangs

CDMA2000 BSC 10,000 erlangs

Racks

20

15

10

5

0

Figure 6Ericsson’s cdmaOne BSC and CDMA2000 BSC performance-to-size comparison relativeto the industry average.

HA

AAA

PDSN

Mobile operator network

AXC 706 Broadband access concentrator with PDSN functionality

TSP/JAMBALA AAA server

CPP with home agent functionality

BSC

Figure 7The nodes of the packet core network (PCN):· packet data service node (PDSN);· home agent (HA); and · authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA)..

Wireless LANThe Ericsson set of direct-sequence spreadspectrum (DSSS) wireless LAN (Figure 8)products will be introduced in CMS 11 R3.The use of Mobile IP protocols inCDMA2000 packet core networks has en-abled quick integration of Ericsson’sWLAN products.

The wireless LAN provides a bridging ar-chitecture between radio and wired net-works. The products, which will operate inthe license-free frequency band between 2.4and 2.5 GHz, are based on the IEEE 802.11bstandard. The product has been integratedinto CDMA2000 through the new wirelessLAN serving node (WSN). Wireless LANprovides complementary mobility toCDMA customers. In the future, when it iscombined with Bluetooth, the complete cir-cle of coverage (local, personal, and wide-area) can be obtained for all locations andservices demanded by wireless users.

Internet services platformEricsson’s Internet services platform will bemade up of basic enabling nodes, applica-tions, and consulting services. The primaryservice enablers will be wireless applicationprotocol (WAP) gateways, mobile position-ing centers, wireless intelligent network-ing/service control points (WIN/SCP), andshort message service centers (SMS-C). Ser-vice network platform solutions will consistof messaging services, iPulse, mobile posi-tioning services, mobile e-commerce, andservice network management (includingbilling mediation, and service provision-ing).

The TSP, which WCDMA, GSM, TDMAand wireline systems share, is another ex-ample of Ericsson’s global platform strate-gy. This core technology platform, based onthe TelORB operating system, provides atelecommunications operating environ-ment for applications such as the home lo-cation register (HLR), authentication cen-ter (AC), and service control point (SCP),and will be used to deliver a host of otheradvanced applications. The HLR, AC, andSCP can be co-located on the same, shared-hardware TSP application platform, whichincreases its value as a cost-effective solu-tion. Importantly, it has been developed onstandard interfaces and is being deployed innetworks based on several different digitalwireless technologies as well as for wirelinesystems. One of its main benefits is scala-bility, a feature that allows operators to payas they grow.

In CMS 11 R3, Ericsson also offers a uni-fied messaging solution that handles anykind of message. It is based on an open, scal-able and easy-to-use architecture with stan-dard interfaces and protocols. With unifiedmessaging, end-users are free to manage allmessages, such as voice, text, fax and video,anywhere and anytime. All messages arestored in one mailbox. Subscribers accesstheir mailboxes through a number of inter-faces such as the Web, an e-mail client, aWAP browser or the device user interface.The messages are thus accessible from anytype of device (mobile or fixed phone, PDAor PC). In Ericsson’s unified messaging so-lution, every message is considered an e-mailmessage. Audio (including voice), fax, andvideo messages are stored as e-mail attach-ments. End-users can send, forward andstore any type of message just as they wouldwith regular e-mail. Unified messaging-over-IP has connectivity to GSM, TDMA,CDMA, WCDMA and GPRS. Likewise, iteasily integrates into other mobile Internetservices, such as portals, m-commerce, in-formation, communication and customer-care systems.

The WAP gateway bridges the gap be-tween the Internet and wireless networks forhandsets and terminals whose display andperformance attributes differ from those ofpersonal computers. It implements theWAP standard by optimizing data for wire-less networks and by taking into considera-tion the form factor of wireless devices. TheWAP gateway connects any WAP-compliant terminal to any Web server onthe Internet or an intranet. It can access na-tive WAP markup language (WML) con-tent or convert hypertext markup language(HTML) into WML content for multipletypes of bearers, such as circuit-switcheddata, packet data and short message service.

The WAP gateway will give operators theability to offer a variety of wireless data ser-vices, which will add service differentiationthrough new and exciting applications.These services can be a significant asset inattracting additional clients and reducingcustomer churn.

OAM&P solutions for CDMAEricsson’s operation, administration, main-tenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) solu-tion for CDMA allows customers to effi-ciently manage their network planning, ser-vice provisioning, service assurance, andbilling and customer-care processes. The network-wide integrated OAM&P solution

156 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

cdmaOne CDMA2000

WLAN

Personal area network

Local area network

Wide area network

Bluetooth

Figure 8Integration of wireless LAN and CDMA.

Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 157

includes fault management, configurationmanagement, performance management, se-curity management, and access to externalbusiness- and service-management systemsthrough the service provisioning and billingmediation gateways. The goal of Ericsson’sOAM&P offering is• to manage the operations in a cost-

effective way;• to proactively adapt to the changing busi-

ness environment;• to deploy services faster to the market; and• to integrate into external systems through

open standards.The solution complies with the telecommu-nications management network (TMN)model, provides the necessary functions atthe element-management and network-management layers, and interacts with theservice- and business-management layers.

Being based on industry standards andopen platforms, the solution provides theflexibility and scalability that is necessary toeffectively manage future network expansionin terms of size, capacity, and services. Whatis more, the use of open standard interfacesand protocols ensures compatibility withcurrent and future application systems sup-plied by Ericsson and other vendors. TheCDMA2000 OAM&P solution uses differ-ent products from a range of internal researchand development (R&D) resources (such asWCDMA and GSM) to provide commonmanagement functions across multi-standard networks. These products havebeen complemented by best-of-breed appli-cations from strategic partners and joint ven-tures.

The main function of Ericsson’s OAM&Psolution is to provide element management,network management, and gateways to theservice- and business-management layers ofthe TMN model (Figure 9). Ericsson also of-fers complementary solutions that specifical-ly cover the service- and business-management layers. The product portfolio of-fering also provides support for the end-to-end management of business processes (ser-vice fulfillment, service assurance, service andnetwork planning, customer care and billing)that cover all the management layers.

Coming CDMA2000offeringsCMS 11 R4 will provide the necessary follow-on support for the evolution ofCDMA2000 1X as well as support forCDMA2000 at 2 GHz—a requirement in

Japan and Korea. All radio access networkproducts introduced in R3 will support theevolution of CDMA2000 1X to 1xEV-DO.Also, a new macro RBS will be introducedfor extremely dense urban areas. And moreemphasis will be put on mobile Internet ser-vices and the Internet services platform. Follow-on releases will focus on multi-carrier power amplifiers (MCPA) and theseparation of control and connectivity func-tions from the MSC.

CMS 11 R4The main focus of CMS 11 R4 will be toprovision CDMA2000 1xEV-DO capabili-ties in Ericsson’s CDMA products. Byadding new channel cards and software, allRBS 1127 products introduced in R3 canbe upgraded to support 1xEV-DO. The BSC 1120 will solely require software up-grades. A new RBS—the RBS 1130—willalso be introduced. It will be able to supporteleven 1.25 MHz carriers, using 15 MHz of

TMN

management

layers

Customer care and billing

Service fullfillment

Service assurance

Service and network planning

Customers

End-to-end management processes

Network elements

Network managementService

management

Business

management

Element management

Figure 9The OAM&P solution maps TMN layers to end-to-end management processes.

spectrum in a three-sector configuration.The RBS 1130 will be built using elementsof the RBS 1127 as well as from Ericsson’sglobal platform for RAN products (Figure10).

As part of CMS 11 R4, emphasis will beput on the Internet services platform, giv-ing customers new ways of rapidly and cost-effectively deploying mobile Internet appli-cations. Ericsson’s CDMA Internet servicesplatform uses a horizontally layered systemarchitecture with shared components ac-cording to the principles of the integrateddistributed application environment(IDAE). It is also based on an open systemarchitecture that draws on the software de-velopment kit (SDK) and open applicationprogram interfaces (API).

Future releasesFuture releases of CMS 11 will centeraround support of the evolution to all-IP,and the next phase of 1xEV—that is, of1xEV-DV. The evolution to all-IP and theseparation of the connectivity and controllayers will begin with the splitting of MSCfunctions. Media gateway nodes will be in-troduced to provide an IP interface to thebackbone transmission. The media gate-way can provide synchronous transfermode- (STM), ATM- and IP-based inter-faces to the CDMA2000 radio network. Ex-ternally, the media gateway will provide STM/ATM connections to thePSTN/ISDN, and IP connections to Inter-net service providers, company intranets,and private or public voice-over-IP do-mains. In its new role, the MSC server willcontrol the mobile system, including mo-bility management, call management andset-up, call feature delivery, and resourcemanagement in the network. In time, othernew nodes, as specified by 3GPP2, willprovide multimedia services with high

quality of service (QoS), which is a prereq-uisite for end-to-end IP services.

On the air-interface side, 1xEV-DV willevolve. In all likelihood, the air interface willoffer twice the current voice capacity, peakdata rates beyond 2.4 Mbit/s, and averagedata rates in excess of 1 Mbit/s. Full multimedia/multiservice capability will beavailable on each 1xEV-DV carrier. As be-fore, operators will be able to upgrade theirRBS products simply by adding new chan-nel cards and software; the BSC 1120 willsolely require a software upgrade. Ericssonalso has plans to introduce a pico RBS inconjunction with 1xEV-DV. This RBS willbe a low-power, low-density base station de-signed for pico-cell applications. Indoor andoutdoor installation will be supported.

ConclusionIS-95-based CDMA systems will continueto be based on a standard 1.25 MHz carri-er. 1X and 1xEV will satisfy CDMA opera-tors’ needs for data throughput and capaci-ty over the next five years. Ericsson’s CMS 11 solutions for each phase ofCDMA2000 are well positioned to providecompetitive offerings both locally and glob-ally. By enabling the mobile Internet witha leading CDMA2000 solution, Ericsson isopening up new markets and revenue op-portunities for its customers.

Ericsson has the means to support present-day and future third-generation servicesthanks to its leadership in packet networksand service network enablers. All Ericssonproducts are based on open interfaces. Bycombining these advantages with compactradio access products, Ericsson ensures itscustomers of always-online, always-connected functionality and direct access toall types of service network from IP and ATMto traditional circuit-switched networks.

158 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

cdmaOne is a registered trademark of theCDMA Development Group (CDG).CDMA2000 is a trademark of the Telecommu-nications Industry Association (TIA).Tigris AccessOS is a trademark owned by Tele-fonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Sweden.

TRADEMARKS

CDMA2000 RF unit

(from RBS 1127)

Indoor/outdoor product configurations

CDMA2000 RBS 1130

Fuse panelConnection field

CDMA2000 channel cards

(from RBS 1127)

Global platform technology

components

Figure 10The Macro RBS 1130 supports eleven1.25 MHz carriers or 15 MHz of spectrum.