Facoltà  di  Scienze  Economiche,  Giuridiche  e  Poli7che  

CdL  Economia  e  Ges/one  Aziendale  UNIT  2  

a.a.  2015/2016  

Unit 2 IDONEITÀ LINGUA INGLESE

h4p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcAf0_cDIZ0  

What  is  your  name?  

This man is Danish. His name is Nils.

What  is  your  name?  

This woman is Russian. Her name’s Olga.

What  is  your  name?  

This girl’s Indian. Her name is Rashmi.

What  is  your  name?  

This boy is Brazilian. His name’s Joaquim.

Grammar  1  This man is Danish. His name is Nils. This woman is Russian. Her name’s Olga. This girl’s Indian. Her name is Rashmi. This boy is Brazilian. His name’s Joaquim. his = il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue di lui her = il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue di lei  

THE  INDEFINITE  ARTICLE  

In  inglese  l’ar/colo  indetermina/vo  è  uguale  per  nomi  maschili  e  femminili:    A  boy            A  girl      

a  man                            a  woman                an  elephant  

   a  +  consonant    an  +  vowel      a  hamburger        an  herb  tea    a  +  h  aspirata  (=  cons.)    an  +  h  muta  (=  vocale)  

Indefinite  ar/cle:  a,  an  

•  We  use  a/an  with  a  singular  noun:  a  bus,  a  car,  a  dog,  a  fast  car  •  We  use  an  with  a  noun  star/ng  with  a  vowel  (a,  e,  i,  o,  u):  

•  an African elephant, an elephant, an Indian elephant, an old car, an umbrella

BUT sometimes the initial u is pronounced /ʌ/ (an uncle, an ugly man), sometimes it is pronounced /ju:/ (a union, a university).

   

•  Si  usa  a  davan/  a:    •  consonante  (comprese  w  e  y)  →  a  student,  a  word,  a  yacht    •  h  aspirata  →  a  hamburger,  a  house    •  i  suoni  /ju/  e  /wa/  →  a  unit,  a  European  country,  a  one-­‐way  street,  a  once-­‐popular  song,  a  one-­‐legged  man  

•  Si  usa  an  davan/  a:    •  Vocale  →  an  exercise,  an  apple  •  h  muta  →  an  hour,  an  honest  man    Le  più  comuni  parole  con  h  muta  sono  hour  •  honest  honour  heir  hourly  honourable  heiress  honestly  

•  I’m  a  doctor  –    I  work  as  a  doctor  •  She’s  a  nurse  –    She  works  as  a  nurse  •  They  are  engineers  –    They  work  as  engineers  

Jobs  &  professions  

What  &  where?  Job/Profession   Workplace/Place  of  employment  

a  lecturer   a  university  a  clerk  (impiegato/a)   an  office  a  surgeon  (chirurgo)   a  hospital  a  builder  (muratore)   a  building/construc/on  site  a  factory  worker   a  factory  a  waiter  (M)/a  waitress  (F)   a  restaurant  or  a  café  an  accountant  (ragioniere)   an  office  a  lawyer  (avvocato)   a  law  firm/a  lawyer’s  office  a  judge  (giudice)   a  law  court/a  courthouse  an  actor  (M)/an  actress  (F)   a  theatre  a  librarian  (bibliotecario/a)   a  library  a  chef/a  cook   a  kitchen  

 Exercises:  Inserisci  a    an  

•  This  is  ….  good  book.  •  There’s    ……  beau/ful  park  in  North  Street  •  Thailand  is  not  ……  European  country.  •  My  father’s  ….  architect.  •  Is  there  …  dog  in  that  garden?  •  Italy  isn’t  …  island.  •  Cambridge  is  ….  excellent  university.  •  It’s  …  nice  day  today.  

__ book __ hamburger __ hen __ corn _dog __ donkey __ house __ European

country _yogurt __ student __ indian __ ice-cream __ egg __ mouse __ elephant __ watch an apple __ horse __ cat __ washing

machine __ one-way street

__ wolf __ hedgehog __ hat

__ orange __ university __ alarm clock __ whale __ lion __ door __ heir

A book A hamburger A hen A corn Adog A donkey A house A European

country A yogurt A student AN indian AN ice-cream AN egg A mouse AN elephant A watch an apple A horse A cat A washing

machine A one-way street

A wolf A hedgehog A hat

AN orange A university AN alarm clock A whale A lion A door AN heir

!

1.  a  snack  bar  

2.  a  tomato  sandwich  

3.  an  orange  juice  

4.  an  apple  pie  

5.  a  tennis  racket  

6.  a  gold  watch  

7.  a  bus  driver  

8.  an  English  lesson  

Definite  ar/cle:  the  

•  We  use  the  with  singular  and  plural  nouns  •  Unlike  a/an,  we  use  the  to  refer  to  something  specific    

Examples:  •  The  student  is  wri/ng  his  exam  •  Students  study  every  day  •  The  students  of  this  faculty  come  to  classes  every  day  

THE  DEFINITE  ARTICLE  

In  inglese  esiste  un  solo  ar/colo  determina/vo:  THE      

 The  boy  (m)  (sing)    the  girl  (f)  (sing)  The  Boys  (m)  (plur)    the  girls  (f)  (plur)    

Si  usa  the  con:  -­‐    gruppi  o  categorie  di  parole:  

the sick, the rich, the poor,

-­‐  gli  strumen/  musicali:  the guitar, the violin,  

!

x  x  

a  x  

x   the  x   an  

x  a   the  

the  x   a  

the   a  x   x   x  the   the  x  the  

a  x  

a   x  

Exercise:  inserisci  a,  an,  the  

 •  My  grandparents  live  in  ….  very  nice  house  in  …  countryside.  ……  house  is  on  three  floors.  Downstairs  there’s  ….  huge  sinng  room,  with  …  big  sofa  and  …  fireplace.  ….  bedrooms  are  on  ….  second  floor.  There’s  also  …..  Big  room  in  …  anc.  That  is  my  favourite  place,  because  …    view  from  there  is  amazing.  

Plural  nouns  

In  order  to  make  the  plural  of  a  noun,  we  need  to  add  an  –s  to  the  word  end  

Examples:  •  door  –  doors  •  window  –  windows  •  girl  –  girls  •  car  –  cars  •  book  –  books    

However,  

•  Nouns  ending  with  ch,  sh,  s,  x,  add  –es:    watches,  successes,  churches,  boxes,  lashes  •  Nouns  ending  in  –y  preceded  by  a  consonant  go  through  a  morphological  change  when  adding  –es:  

countries,    dic/onaries,  bu4erflies  BUT  keys,  boys    

Irregular  plurals  

•  person/people*,  man/men,  woman/women,  child/children**,  tooth/teeth,  foot/feet    

*    The  regular  form  persons  is  mainly  found  in  public  no/ces,  for  example  to  indicate  the  number  of  people  allowed  in  an  elevator  (BrE,  lis)  

**  kid  (plural:  kids)  is  informal  both  for  children  and  teenagers  

•  Some  nouns,  especially  those  referring  to  animals,  have  a  single  form,  both  for  the  singular  and  the  plural:  sheep/sheep,  fish/fish  

•  Add  –s  (or  -­‐es,  or  -­‐ies)  to  make  plural  nouns.    ex:  It’s  a  pen.  They’re  pens    •  Don’t  use  a-­‐an  with  plural  nouns:  They’re  keys.  NOT:  They’re  a  keys  

P.  12  ex  2  

P.  127  ex  2a  

Keys  •  A)    a  city,  ci/es  an  email,  emails  a  person,  people  a  box,  boxes  a  woman,  women  •  B)  They’re  children  It’s  a  purse  They’re  men  It’s  an  umbrella  They’re  sunglasses  

This,  that,  these,  those:  determiners  

•  We  use  this/these  for  things  near  us:  this  is  my  pen,  these  are  my  trousers  

•  We  use  that/those  for  things  far  away:  that  is  an  American  car,  those  clothes  are  Italian    

*  This  and  that  are  singular,  these  and  those  are  plural  

Grammar  6:  Gli  AGGETTIVI  DIMOSTRATIVI  

   (near  the  speaker)      (far  from  the  speaker)    Sing.      THIS                  THAT  Plur.    THESE                  THOSE    In  inglese  non  ci  sono  differenze  di  genere    This  girl      this  boy      these  women  these  men  questa  ragazza    questo  ragazzo        queste  donne      ques/  uomini    

P.  127  ex  2b  

This/That/These/Those  

1. This  is  my  new  car.  Please  get  in  2. ….  Building  over  there  is  the  Science  Museum.  3.  Is  ….  your  new  school  bag,  here?  4.  ….  cloud  in  the  sky  looks  like  a  rabbit.  5.  …..  woman  downstairs  is  very  noisy.  6.  ….  weather  is  really  great.  7.  Who’s  …..  I  can  hear  coming  up  the  stairs?  

Completa  i  dialoghi  con  i  pronomi  dimostra/vi  appropria/  

•  A.  Hello,  This  is  Brenda  speaking  •  B.  Oh,  hello  Brenda.  •  A.  Good  morning,  Mrs  Brown.  •  B.  Oh,  good  morning,  Mr  Smith.  ….  Are  my  children,  Tom  and  Louise.  

•  A.  Nice  to  meet  you.  •  A.Hello.  Is  ….  The  Body  Shop?  •  B.  No,  ….  Is  victoria  Sta/on.  

•  A.  How  much  are  ….  Oranges  over  there?  •  B.  £  5  a  kilo,  but  ….  Here  aren’t  so  expensive.  •  A.  Excuse  me,  are  ….  seats  free?  •  B.  No,  but  ….  seat  over  there  is  free.  

Scegli  l’alterna/va  corre4a  

•  Look  at  this  /that/  those    watch  here,  Is  it  yours?  

•  Where’s  your  bag?  That/These/This  bag  here  is  mine.  

•  Are  that  /  these/those/  houses  at  the  end  of  the  street  new?  

•  Anna,  these/  this/  that  is  my  freind  Sam.  •  Here  you  are,  have  one  of  these/  this/  those  chocolates.  They’re  my  favourite.  

•  What’s  ….  /  that  /  this?  The  animal  over  there!  •  Is  that/  these/  this  woman  over  there  our  new  teacher?  

 

Trasforma  le  frasi  al  singolare  o  al  plurale  

•  Who  is  that  man  there?  Who  are  those  men  there?  

•  This  seat  is  reserved.    •  These  photos  are  of  my  grandparents.  •  Those  dresses  are  French.  •  I  don’t  like  this  shop  –  let’s  go  somewhere  else.  •  Do  you  know  that  guest?  •  Is  that  your  dog?  •  These  are  my  mothers  pain/ngs.  •  Who  is  that  man?  

Grammar 2 Nella prima unità abbiamo visto che il pronome you sta per i pronomi allocutivi tu, lei (forma di cortesia) e voi. Anche la forma possessiva your è un vocabolo multiuso: la tua chiave = your key le vostre chiave = your keys i suoi documenti, sig.ra Verdi = your documents, Mrs Greene i tuoi documenti, Barbara = your documents, Barbara il vostro contratto = your contract il tuo contratto = your contract il suo contratto, sig. Bianchi = your contract, Mr White. ENGLISH IS EASY!

Grammar  3:  contracted  forms  

I am from Chile = I’m from Chile She is Nigerian = She’s Nigerian He is Japanese = He’s Japanese What is your name? = What’s your name? This girl is Indian = This girl’s Indian My name is Robert = My name’s Robert Si usano le contrazioni nell’inglese parlato e nei testi scritti informali ma di solito non nei testi accademici o formali.

Questions and Answers 1 “Excuse me. Is your name Smith?” “No, it isn’t. It’s Cuccureddu.” “And what’s your first name, Mr Cuccureddu?” “Efisio.” “Are you from Scotland, Silvia?” “No, I’m not. My surname’s MacTavish but I’m English.” “Good morning, Ms Clinton.” “Good morning. But please call me Hillary.” “Thankyou, Hillary. And my first name’s Mario.”

Questions and answers 2

“Hello. Are you Spanish?” “No, we aren’t. We’re Mexican.” “Is your first name English?” “No, it isn’t. Padraig is an Irish name.” “Good morning, Miss Jackson.” “Good morning, Mr Brown. Or good afternoon. It’s 2.30.” “Are Helmut and Ludwig German?” “No, they aren’t. They are from Austria.”

Grammar 4: negative forms of to be

I am not = I’m not you are not = you aren’t he is not = he isn’t she is not = she isn’t it is not = it isn’t we are not = we aren’t you are not = you aren’t they are not = they aren’t

Short  Answers  

•  We  only  say:  

•   Yes,  +  subj  +  to  be  (long  form)  •  No,  +  subj  +  to  be  (short  form)  

                                 Qu              A            S              (I)  Ques7on  word+  Auxiliary  +  Subject  +  Infini7ve                                                                  How  are  you?                                                      Where  do  you  live?  

Interroga/ve  sentences    

PRONOMI  /  AVVERBI  INTERROGATIVI  Wh-­‐  ques7ons:    

WHO?      Chi?  

WHAT?      (Che)  cosa?  

WHERE?      Dove?  

WHEN?      Quando?  

WHICH?      Quale  (dei  due)?  

HOW?      Come?  

WHY?        Perche’?    

Who are you?      Chi  sei?  -­‐I am the new teacher  What is it?        Che  cos’è?  -­‐It is an apple Where are you now? Dove  sei  ora?  -­‐I’m in London now  When are you here? Quando  sei  qua? -I’m here every Monday  

How old are you?    Quan/  anni  hai?  -­‐I am (Cardinal  Number)  (years old)  -­‐The red one    Which is your car? Quale  (delle  due)  è  la  tua  auto?  -­‐The red one  How are you?    Come  stai?    -­‐I’m very sick!  Why are you here? Perchè  sei  qui?  -­‐Because I study here!  

Nelle  domande  che  iniziano    con  pronome  o  avverbio  interroga/vo    

le  preposizioni  vanno  alla  fine.  Where are you from?  Da  dove  vieni?              Di  dove  sei?  

I am from London

Formula  domande  con  Wh-­‐  words    1.  What  ‘s  the  /me?  2.Which  is  your  bag?  The  small  one  or  the  big  one?  3.How      far  is  the  beach?  About  one  mile  away  4.Who  are  your  best  friends?  5.  What  ’s  your  favorite  dish?  

Formula  domande  con  Wh-­‐  words    1.  What  ‘s  the  /me?  2.Which  is  your  bag?  The  small  one  or  the  big  one?  3.How      far  is  the  beach?  About  one  mile  away  4.Who  are  your  best  friends?  5.  What  ’s  your  favorite  dish?  

1.  What’s  the  /me?  2.  Which  is  your  bag?  The  small  one  or  the  big  one?  3.  How  far  is  the  breach?  About  one  mile  away  4.  Who  are  your  best  friends?  5.  What  is  your  favorite  dish?  

Leggi  le  risposte  e  formula  le  domande  1.How  old  are  you?    I’m  42  2.  What  is  your  address?  My  address  is  34  Victoria  Road  3.  How  are  you?  I’m  very  well,  thanks.  What  about  you?  4.  Are  you  a  teacher?  No,  I’m  not  a  teacher,  I’m  a  journalist  5.  What  is  there?  There’s  spaghen  Bolognese  6.  What  /me  is  it?  It  is  a  quarter  to  eleven  

HOW?  =  Come?  How  +  Adjec/ve  /  adverb?  =  Quanto?  How old are you?          Quanto  sei  vecchio?/Quan/  anni  hai?  How far is it?    Quanto  è  lontano?  /dista?    How long is it?    Quanto  è  lontano?  /dura?  How big is it?  Quanto  è  grande?      

Leggi  le  risposte  e  formula  le  domande  

1.  How  old  are  you?    I’m  42  

2.  What  is  your  address?  My  address  is  34  Victoria  Road  

3.  How  are  you?  I’m  very  well,  thanks.  What  about  you?  

4.  Are  you  a  teacher?  No,  I’m  not  a  teacher,  I’m  a  journalist  

5.  What  is  there?  There’s  spaghen  Bolognese  

6.  What  /me  is  it?  It  is  a  quarter  to  eleven  

Days of the week

Months Seasons

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

January  February  March  April  May  June  July  August  September  October  November  December  

Winter    Spring    Summer    Autumn  (Fall)  

P.  148  

P.  148  

The  numbers  (2)  (see  pg.  148)  

P.148  

57            1,383          

 426            119              

2013            1999          

The  Numbers  2  

57            1,383    fisyseven      one  thousand  three  hundred  and  eighty  three    426            119        four  hundred  and  twenty  six      one  hundred  and  nineteen    2013                                                                 1999  Two  thousand  thirteen    nineteen  ninety  nine  

         one  thousand  and  ninety  nine  

The  Numbers  2  

Adjec/ves  

•  They  always  precede  the  noun  they  refer  to:  a  beau/ful  dress,  a  pre4y  girl,  a  happy  child  

•  They  are  neutral  and,  therefore,  they  never  take  the  plural:  my  gorgeous  nieces,  my  nice  neighbors,    my  new  pencils,  my  wonderful  friends  

•  They  don’t  agree  on  number  and  gender  

Some  common  adjec7ves  

A big elephant and a small elephant.        

A happy baby and a sad baby

P.  15  

Grammar 5: the Imperative C’è un’unica forma dell’imperativo nella lingua inglese: Listen to me = Mi ascolti, Ascoltami, Ascoltatemi Si usa la forma base del verbo: Run! Go! Stop! Per l’imperativo negativo si usa don’t: Don’t waste time = Non perdere tempo Siccome non esistono le formule di cortesia, l’imperativo inglese può suonare un po’ brusco. In una unità successiva vedremo le alternative più cortesi all’imperativo. Comunque, in una ricetta di cucina, l’uso dell’imperativo è normale. And that is the end of Unit 14. Goodbye.  

Homework  

•  pp.  12-­‐19  student’s  book  (English  File  Elementary)  

 •  Write  descrip/on  of  a  famous  person  and  send  it  to  lsoma@unica.it  for  correc/on  (see  example  in  the  book,  p.  15)