CHAPTER 2: Literature Review

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, we will provide a literature review on our main research focus which is how

CCTV system is installing and how the system works. This chapter will divide into three parts.

The first part of this chapter will explain the jargon or definition of term to the reader. The

second part is to provide an internet research by referring to a journal or article and the last part

is from book and magazine.

2.1 The definition of term

2.1.1 CCTV

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific

place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not

openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh

wireless links. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as

banks, casinos, airports, military installations, and convenience stores. It is also an important tool

for distance education.

2.1.2 ANALOGUE

Analogue (or analog in American English) are electronic systems with a continuously variable

signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two different levels. The

term "analogue" describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current

that represents the signal. The word analogue is derived from the Greek word ανάλογος

(analogos) meaning "proportional".

2.1.3 DECODER

A decoder is a device which does the reverse of an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the

original information can be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just reversed in

order to decode.

2.1.4 BNC CABLE

A connector for a coaxial cable which keeps the central wire from touching the cable's outer

shield

2.2 INTERNET RESEARCH/REFERENCES

2.2.1 The Evolution of CCTV Surveillance

According to the article The Evolution of CCTV Surveillance from the writer John Beagle

“CCTV has certainly come a long way since the 1960s; it's clear that the future of CCTV is

secure and that technology will continue to develop to meet the needs of the surveillance

market.”

2.2.2 CCTV System - The Advantages and the Disadvantages

According to the article CCTV System - The Advantages and the Disadvantages from the writer

Lazaro J Hester “to monitor activities in a room or building. Mostly, it is installed in department

store to monitor the visitors so they can prevent any thief to steal anything from their racks.

Besides, this system also might be installed in school and office to monitor the behavior of

students and employee”.

2.2.3 Converting your Analog CCTV System to a Digital Video Recording System: Factors

to Consider

According to the article converting your Analog CCTV System to a Digital Video Recording

System: Factors to Consider from the writer Kumara Velu

“CCTV system by the remote monitoring system facility (viewing what’s happening at your site

without being there) a digital system provides. You can connect your cameras to a network

equipped with a video server, allowing you to store your video images there. This facility also

allows you to view your surveillance video footage from any computer in the network. If you’re

connected to the Internet, you can view surveillance footage from anywhere in the world.”

2.3 BOOK AND MAGAZINES

2.3.1

Vlado Damjanovski,2005 CCTV networking and digital technology 2nd Edition United States of

America :Butterworth-Heinemenn.

Figure 2.3.1

2.3.2

Herman Kruegle, 1995 CCTV surveillance United States of America :Butterworth-Heinemenn.

Figure 2.3.2

2.3.3

Professor Martin Gill, Jan 2003 CCTV United States of America: Palgrave Macmillan.

Figure 2.3.3

2.3.4

Benjamin J. Goold , Feb 2004 CCTV AND POLICING public area surveillance and police

practices in Britain, Britain: Oxford.

Figure 2.3.4

2.3.5

Emily M. Harwood, Feb 2008 Digital CCTV, United States of America :Butterworth-

Heinemenn.

CONCLUSION

CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is a visual surveillance technology designed for monitoring a

variety of environments and activities. CCTV systems typically involve a fixed communications

link between cameras and monitors.

The modern CCTV system involves a linked system of cameras with full pan, tilt, and zooms

able to be operated remotely from a control room.

The basic CCTV system can be divided into three components: A camera, a monitor and a time

lapse recording mechanism (usually made in VCR or DVR formats). These are only the

fundamental components. For larger areas or for real-time monitoring you will probably need to

add cameras, monitors and other special devices. For a common size household, the most

suitable system is a quad cam. This basic kit consists of four wireless surveillance cameras, a

small monitor and a recording device. The camera kits vary depending on their use. Some

camera kits can be used on a computer, taking advantage of its monitor and memory. Others

have a monitor and a time lapse VCR in the same console.