CCNA 4 InstructorPPT Chapter9 Final
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Transcript of CCNA 4 InstructorPPT Chapter9 Final
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Chapter 9: Troubleshooting the Network
Connecting Networks
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Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Chapter 99.0 Introduction
9.1 Troubleshooting with a Systematic Approach
9.2 Network Troubleshooting
9.3 Summary
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 3
9.1 Troubleshooting with a Systematic Approach
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Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Chapter 9: Objectives Explain how network documentation is developed and used to
troubleshoot network issues.
Describe the general troubleshooting process.
Compare troubleshooting methods that use a systematic, layered approach.
Describe troubleshooting tools used to gather and analyze symptoms of network problems.
Determine the symptoms and causes of network problems using a layered model.
Troubleshoot a network using the layered model.
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Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network DocumentationDocumenting the NetworkNetwork documentation is a complete set of accurate and current network documentation. This documentation includes:
Configuration files, including network configuration files and end-system configuration files
Physical and logical topology diagrams
A baseline performance level
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Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network DocumentationNetwork Topology Diagrams
Physical TopologyDevice typeModel and manufacturer
Operating system versionCable type and identifier
Cable specification Connector type
Cabling endpoints
Logical TopologyDevice identifiers IP address and prefix lengths
Interface identifiersConnection type
DLCI for virtual circuitsSite-to-site VPNs
Routing protocolsStatic routes
Data-link protocolsWAN technologies used
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Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network DocumentationEstablishing a Network Baseline
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Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network DocumentationEstablishing a Network Baseline (cont.)
Step 1. Determine what types of data to collect.
Step 2. Identify devices and ports of interest.
Step 3. Determine the baseline duration.
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Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network DocumentationMeasuring Data
Commands that are useful to the network documentation process include:
pingtelnetshow ip interface brief show ipv6 interface briefshow ip route show ipv6 routeshow cdp neighbor detail
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Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting ProcessGeneral Troubleshooting Procedures
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Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting ProcessGathering Symptoms
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Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting ProcessQuestioning End Users
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Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Isolating the Issue Using Layered ModelsUsing Layered Models for Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Isolating the Issue Using Layered ModelsTroubleshooting MethodsUsing the layered models, there are three primary methods for troubleshooting networks:
Bottom-up
Top-down
Divide-and-conquer
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Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Isolating the Issue Using Layered ModelsTroubleshooting Methods (cont.)In addition to the systematic, layered approach to troubleshooting, there are also, less-structured troubleshooting approaches:
One troubleshooting approach is based on an educated guess by the network administrator, based on the symptoms of the problem.
Another approach involves comparing a working and nonworking situation, and spotting significant differences.
Swapping the problematic device with a known, working one is a quick way to troubleshoot.
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Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Isolating the Issue Using Layered ModelsGuidelines for Selecting a Troubleshooting Method
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 17
9.2 Network Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting ToolsSoftware Troubleshooting ToolsCommon software troubleshooting tools include:
NMS tools
Knowledge bases
Baselining tools
Host-based protocol analyzers
Cisco IOS EPC
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Presentation_ID 19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting ToolsHardware Troubleshooting ToolsCommon hardware troubleshooting tools include:
Network analysis module
Digital multimeters
Cable testers
Cable analyzers
Portable network analyzers
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Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting ToolsUsing a Syslog Server for Troubleshooting
Severity Level
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Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Symptoms and Causes of Network TroubleshootingPhysical Layer Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Symptoms and Causes of Network TroubleshootingData Link Layer Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Symptoms and Causes of Network TroubleshootingNetwork Layer Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Symptoms and Causes of Network TroubleshootingTransport Layer Troubleshooting – ACLs
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Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Symptoms and Causes of Network TroubleshootingTransport Layer Troubleshooting – NAT for IPv4
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Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Symptoms and Causes of Network TroubleshootingApplication Layer Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityComponents of Troubleshooting End-to-End ConnectivityWhen there is no end-to-end connectivity, and the administrator chooses to troubleshoot with a bottom-up approach, these are common steps the administrator can take:
Step 1. Check physical connectivity at the point where network communication stops, including cables and hardware. The problem might be with a faulty cable or interface, or involve misconfigured or faulty hardware.
Step 2. Check for duplex mismatches.
Step 3. Check data link and network layer addressing on the local network. This includes IPv4 ARP tables, IPv6 neighbor tables, MAC address tables, and VLAN assignments.
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Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityComponents of Troubleshooting End-to-End Connectivity (cont.)
Step 4. Verify that the default gateway is correct.
Step 5. Ensure that devices are determining the correct path from the source to the destination. Manipulate the routing information if necessary.
Step 6. Verify that the transport layer is functioning properly. Telnet can also be used to test transport layer connections from the command line.
Step 7. Verify that there are no ACLs blocking traffic.
Step 8. Ensure that DNS settings are correct. There should be an accessible DNS server.
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Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityEnd-to-End Connectivity Problem Initiates Troubleshooting
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Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 1. Verify the Physical Layer
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Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 2. Check for Duplex Mismatches
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Presentation_ID 32© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 3. Verify Layer 2 and Layer 3 Addressing on the Local Network
IPv4:arp command (PC)
show mac address-table command (router)
IPv6:netsh interface ipv6 show neighbor command (PC)
show ipv6 neighbors (router)
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Presentation_ID 33© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 4. Verify Default Gateway
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Presentation_ID 34© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 5. Verify Correct Path
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Presentation_ID 35© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 6. Verify the Transport Layer
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Presentation_ID 36© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 7. Verify ACLs
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Presentation_ID 37© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Troubleshooting IP ConnectivityStep 8. Verify DNS
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Presentation_ID 38© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Chapter 9: Summary
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Presentation_ID 39© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential