CCNA 2 Module 7 Distance Vector Routing...
Transcript of CCNA 2 Module 7 Distance Vector Routing...
1 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CCNA 2 Module 7 Distance Vector Routing
Protocols
2 2 2 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Purpose of This PowerPoint
• This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version 3.0.
• It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to take and modify as their own.
• This PowerPoint is:
NOT a study guide for the module final assessment.
NOT a study guide for the CCNA certification exam.
• Please report any mistakes you find in this PowerPoint by using the Academy Connection Help link.
3 3 3 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
To Locate Instructional Resource Materials on Academy Connection:
• Go to the Community FTP Center to locate materials created by the instructor community
• Go to the Tools section
• Go to the Alpha Preview section
• Go to the Community link under Resources
• See the resources available on the Class home page for classes you are offering
• Search http://www.cisco.com
• Contact your parent academy!
4 4 4 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
• Distance vector routing
• RIP
• IGRP
5 5 5 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Distance Vector Updates
6 6 6 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Problem: Routing Loops
• Routing loops can occur when inconsistent routing tables are not updated due to slow convergence in a changing network.
7 7 7 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Problem: Counting to Infinity
8 8 8 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Solution: Defining a Maximum for Infinity
9 9 9 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Solution: Split Horizon
10 10 10 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Solution: Route Poisoning
11 11 11 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Solution: Triggered Updates
12 12 12 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Solution: Holddown Timers
13 13 13 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Characteristics of RIP
14 14 14 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
RIP Commands
• Using router rip and network
commands to Enable RIP
• Enabling RIP on an IP-addressed network
• Monitoring IP packet flow using the show ip protocol command
• The show ip route command
15 15 15 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Configuring RIP
16 16 16 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Using the ip classless Command
17 17 17 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
RIP Configuration Issues
• To reduce routing loops and counting to infinity, RIP uses the following:
Defining infinity
Split horizon
Route poisoning & poison reverse
Triggered updates
Holddown timers
18 18 18 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The show ip protocols Command
19 19 19 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The show ip route Command
20 20 20 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting RIP Update Issues
• debug ip rip
• show ip rip database
• show ip protocols {summary}
• show ip route
• debug ip rip {events}
• show ip interface brief
21 21 21 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preventing Routing Updates through an Interface
22 22 22 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Load Balancing with RIP
23 23 23 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Administrative Distance
24 24 24 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Integrating Static Route with RIP
• A router running RIP can receive a default route via an update from another router running RIP.
• Another option is for the router to generate the default route itself.
• The administrator can override a static route with dynamic routing information by adjusting the administrative distance values.
25 25 25 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IGRP Features
26 26 26 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IGRP Commands
• Using router igrp and network commands to enable IGRP
• Enabling IGRP on an IP-addressed network
• Monitoring IP packet flow using the show ip protocol command
• The show ip interfaces command
• The show ip route command
• The debug ip rip command
27 27 27 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IGRP Metrics
• Bandwidth – The lowest bandwidth value in the path
• Delay – The cumulative interface delay along the path
• Reliability – The reliability on the link towards the destination as determined by the exchange of keepalives
• Load – The load on a link towards the destination based on bits per second
28 28 28 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IGRP Routes: Interior, System, & Exterior
29 29 29 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IGRP Stability Features
• Holddowns, Split horizons, & Poison-reverse updates
30 30 30 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Configuring IGRP
31 31 31 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Migrating RIP to IGRP
1. Verify existing routing protocol (RIP) on the routers to be converted.
2. Configure IGRP on RouterA and RouterB
3. Enter show ip protocols on RouterA and RouterB
4. Enter show ip route on RouterA and RouterB
32 32 32 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Verifying IGRP Configuration
• Some commands for checking IGRP configuration are as follows:
show interface interface
show running-config
show running-config interface interface
show running-config | begin interface interface
show running-config | begin igrp
show ip protocols
33 33 33 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting IGRP
• The following commands are useful when troubleshooting IGRP:
show ip protocols {summary}
show ip route
debug ip igrp events IGRP protocol events
debug ip igrp transactions IGRP protocol transactions
ping
traceroute