CCNA 1 Chapter 6 , Part 1 Ethernet Technologies

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CCNA 1 Chapter 6, Part 1

Ethernet Technologies

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Objectives

• 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps

• 1000 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet


Ethernet Family Tree


10 Mbps Ethernet

• 10BASE-5, 10BASE-2, and 10BASE-T Ethernet are considered Legacy Ethernet.

• The four common features of Legacy Ethernet are timing parameters, frame format, transmission process, and a basic design rule.


10BASE-5

• 10BASE-5 systems also represent a single point of failure.

• 10BASE-5 uses Manchester encoding.

• Each of the maximum 5 segments of thick coax may be up to 500 meters in length.

• The cable is large, heavy, and difficult to install.


10BASE-2

• 10BASE-2 also uses Manchester encoding. • Only 1 station can transmit at a time; otherwise a

collision will occur. • It uses half duplex. • The maximum transmission rate is 10 Mbps. • There may be up to 30 stations on any individual

10BASE-2 segment.


10BASE-T

• 10BASE-T also uses Manchester encoding.• 10BASE-T uses cheaper and easier-to-install

Category 3 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) copper cable rather than coax cable.

• Half duplex or full duplex is a configuration choice.

• 10BASE-T carries 10 Mbps of traffic in half-duplex mode and 20 Mbps in full-duplex mode.


10BASE-T Wiring and Architecture

• 10BASE-T links generally consist of a connection between the station and a hub or switch.


100 Mbps

• 100 Mbps Ethernet is also known as Fast Ethernet.

• The two technologies that became important are 100BASE-TX, which is copper UTP based, and 100BASE-FX, which is multimode optical fiber based.


1000BASE-TX

• 100BASE-TX uses 4B/5B encoding, which is then scrambled and converted to multilevel transmit-3 levels or MLT-3.


1000BASE-FX

• A fiber version desired for backbone applications as well as connections between floors and buildings where copper is less desirable, and also in high noise environments


Fast Ethernet Architecture


1000 Mbps and 10 Gigabit Ethernet


1000 Mbps Ethernet

• The 1000 Mbps Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet standards represent transmission using both fiber and copper media.

• The 1000BASE-X standard (IEEE 802.3z) specifies a 1-Gbps full duplex over optical fiber.

• The 1000BASE-T standard (IEEE 802.3ab) uses a media of Category 5 or higher UTP.

• 1000BASE-TX, 1000BASE-SX, and 1000BASE-LX use the same timing parameters.


1000BASE-T

• 1000BASE-T standard is interoperable with 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX.

• 1000BASE-T uses all 4 pairs of wires instead of the traditional 2 pairs of wires used by 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX.– This provides 250 Mbps per pair. With all 4 wire pairs,

this provides the desired 1000 Mbps.


1000BASE-SX and LX


Gigabit Ethernet Architecture

• Daisy-chaining, star, and extended star topologies are all allowed.

• It is recommended that all links between a station and a hub or switch be configured for autonegotiation to permit the highest common performance.


10 Gigabit Ethernet

• IEEE 802.3ae was adapted to include 10-Gbps full-duplex transmission over fiber-optic cable.

• When using single-mode fiber as the transmission medium, the maximum transmission distance is 40 kilometers (25 miles).

• Some discussions between IEEE members have begun that suggest the possibility of standards for 40-, 80-, and even 100-Gbps Ethernet.


10 Gigabit Ethernet Architectures

• 10 Gigabit Ethernet uses two separate encoding steps.

• The encoded data provides synchronization, efficient usage of bandwidth, and improved signal-to-noise ratio characteristics.

• All 10GbE varieties use optical fiber media.


Future of Ethernet

• Ethernet has gone through an evolution from Legacy → Fast → Gigabit → MultiGigabit technologies.

• The future of networking media is threefold: – Copper (up to 1000

Mbps, perhaps more) – Wireless (approaching

100 Mbps, perhaps more)

– Optical fiber (currently at 10,000 Mbps and soon to be more)

CCNA 1 Chapter 6 , Part 1 Ethernet Technologies

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