ccd and cmos sensors.ppt

17
CCD and CMOS Sensors Craig Robinson

Transcript of ccd and cmos sensors.ppt

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CCD and CMOS Sensors

Craig Robinson

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Definitions

CCDCharge Coupled Device

CMOSComplementary Metal Oxide

Semiconductor

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What is CCD and CMOS?

Array of Diodes (photosites) that produce a voltage: Linearly Proportional to the AMOUNT incident

light. Non-linearly Dependant to the WAVELENGTH

Built out of layers of Silicone Silicone is sensitive to light Layers add functionality – different layers perform

different functions. (called ‘die’)

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CCD History

Invented in 1970 by Bell Labs

Honeywell developed this into an X-Y scanner and taken further by IBM. Originally for data storage!

Taken up by research and astronomy areas.

Now used in security cameras, digital cameras and virtually all digital video applications.

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CCD and CMOS Uses

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CCD vs CMOS

Create high-quality, low-noise images.

Greater sensitivity and fidelity

100 times more power

Require specialized assembly lines

Older and more developed technology

More susceptible to noise

Light sensitivity is lower

Consume little power

Easy to Manufacture

Cheaper

Picture quality, sensitivity and cost vs. Cost and battery life.

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Types of CCD and CMOS

CCD and CMOS

Rotational Lens

• Cheaper

• Good quality

• 3 frames req’d – only stationary objects

Filter Array

• Cheap

• Easy

• Small

Beam Splitters

• Expensive

• High Quality

• One frame required

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Properties1. Resolution: 3.2 Megapixels (2054 x 1056)

2. Frame Rate: 30 ~ 500 Frames/sec

3. Dynamic Range: Signal – noise ratio.Dark Signal

4. Windowing: Enhance Region of Interest

5. Remote Control: Simple serial characters

6. Anti-blooming: Bright object saturation.

7. Interface: Serial, parallel, etc.

8. Power: +5VDC @ 2.5W

9. Size: 4mm and larger

10. Cost: $60 and upwards

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Interfacing

Many different options: Serial Transmission Parallel Transmission VHF/UHF output

Requires specific power setupSend Input data to setup: Auto Gain Shutter Speed Power mode, image specs etc

Increasing # of onboard calculations

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Serial and ParallelRequires MANY Pulses:

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Timing

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Example

Add a CCD / CMOS to the robot in the lab.Robot must wander and clean the your house while you are sleeping.Choose CMOS due to lower power

consumption.Need high sensitivity for night vision.

Choose the Sharp LZOP3817.

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Peripherals:

Pulse Pattern Generator

Vertical Drivers + DC/DC Converter

CDS - AGC – ADCCDS (correlated double sampling) AGC (automatic gain control) ADC (analog-to-digital convertor)

DSP

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Board Layout

LZOP3817

CMOS CHIP

DSK6711

(Or micro controller)

DRAM

D 0 -7

ADRESSDATA

Vertical timing

Horizontal TimingGLUE LOGIC

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Manufacturers

Philips

Sharp

Dalsa

Fuji

Sony

Kodak

Polaroid

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References

HowStuffworks: Digital Cameras

www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwiller.pdf

www.sharpsma.com

www.semiconductors.philips.com

http://www.ccd.com/

Peter McCullough at The University of Illinois (Astronomy)


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