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CBT and It’s Applications for SW Practice Yau Tat-yu.
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Transcript of CBT and It’s Applications for SW Practice Yau Tat-yu.
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CBT and It’s Applicationsfor SW Practice
Yau Tat-yu
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My Concerns
Comprehensive, Balanced and Critical Views towards CBT
It’s Implications to SW Practice Paths for further Development /
Learning
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Historical Development
Revisions on Behavioral Therapies
1. Classical Conditioning (CC)?
2. Operant Conditioning (OC)?
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Classical Conditioning (CC)
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Operant Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Why Operant Conditioning is frequently applied in working with MI / MR / children / residential setting?
Give examples for different schedules of reinforcement in our daily lives, and discuss the implications of its use in intervention
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Operant Conditioning (OC)
Applications of Operant Conditioning
1. Reinforcement Vs punishment 2. Positive and negative
reinforcement 3. Reinforcement: behavior is shaped
by its desirable consequence4. Shaping, Fading, Chaining,…
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Behavior Therapies
Basic Assumptions 1. Behaviors are conditioned and
shaped by stimulus and consequences
2. Human being is treated as ‘black box’.
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Critical Remark 1
Sheldon Rose’s View
Behavior
Context
Consequences+
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Critical Remark 2
Respecting clients (taking good care of their needs and
starting where they are), being critical towards the oppression / power issues in practice scenario….
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Critical Remark 3
Read the following before using OC.
「行為治療法」之華人社會的應用
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So…
1. How Sheldon Rose’s view related to CC / OC?
2. Give examples that client is not being respected in BM in our common practice
3. Your comment on ‘行為治療法’
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Social Cognitive Theory
List three to five human capabilities that are important for our (social) livings?
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Social Cognitive Theory
Basic capabilities1. S____________ Capability
2. F____________ Capability
3. V____________ Capability
4. S____________ Capability
5. S____________ Capability
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Social Cognitive Theory
Reciprocal Determinism
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Social Learning
Most human behaviors are learned by observation.
Observation Learning – Attentional, Retention, Motor Production, Motivational
Model Variables – what are these?
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Model Variables…
1. S______, P_______, S______, N________, C________ of O_______, V_______ of M _______, …
2. C_____ Vs M_____ Models, I_____ and I______ Models …
3. These all contribute to modeling effect in general, but its impact depends on its context
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Self-efficacy
Sources of developing Self-efficacy E______, V______, P_______ and P________.
Importance: B_____ E______ (linking to positive outcome) and S___ E_____ are two important determinants for behavior learning.
Role of self-efficacy in behavior learning Self-fulfilling prophecy of Self-efficacy
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Reinforcement
Three types of Reinforcement
1. Direct Reinforcement
2. Vicarious reinforcement
3. Self-reinforcement (SR and SE)
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About Skills Training…
Goldstein, A.P., L'Abate, L., Argyle, A., Trower, P.,… and have you heard of these….?
1. Parenting Skills
2. Social Skills / Communication Skills
3. Assertiveness Skills
4. Negotiation Skills / Skills on Mediation
5. Skills on Anger Control / Emotional Management / Aggression Replacement Training
6. ……
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Rounding Up
1. What are implications of CC, OC and SCT to behavior changes and skills training?
2. What are the implicit assumptions of skill training?
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Cognitive Behavior Therapies
Basic assumption: Cognition, Behavior and Emotion are influencing each other.
Some concepts get confused…?
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CBT - Assumptions
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Cognitive Therapies (CT, REBT)
Appraisal – Beck, A.: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Ellis, A.: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Disputation (CT) Vs Collaborative Empiricism (REBT)
Ellis: IB absolute ‘must’ Beck: Thought Content and Information
Processing
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Cognitive Therapy
What kinds of dysfunctional thoughts that you have come across?
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Cognitive Therapy
Dysfunctional Thoughts (DT)
1. All-or-nothing thinking
2. Overgeneralization
3. Discounting the positives
4. Jumping to conclusions
5. Mind Reading
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Cognitive Therapy
Dysfunctional Thoughts (DT)
6. Fortunetelling
7. Magnifying / minimizing
8. Emotional reasoning
9. Making Labeling
10. Inappropriate blaming
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Cognitive Therapy Appraisal
Three Major Domains – related to schema
1. Self: self-appraisal, self-acceptance, …2. World: what the world should be,
expectations on others, …3. Future: what would happen in future,
…
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Cognitive Therapy
Think about different Schema related to these three domains…?
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Cognitive Therapy
General Process (psycho-educational):
1. Understanding the impact of thought on behavior and emotion
2. Educating functional / dysfunctional thoughts
3. Identifying thought (automatic thought / schema)
4. Cognitive Restructuring
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Cognitive Therapy – general process
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Cognitive Restructuring
Some Useful Strategies / Questions
1. Evidence? 2. Alternative Interpretations?3. Implications?4. Downward Arrow5. 為信念的優缺點加權
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Self Talk Statement
Think about a positive self talk statement when you are in difficult time.
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Self-Instructional Training
Self talk statement can incorporate different cognitive strategies, including…
SIT is a kind of self talk statement. Impulsivity is highly related to lack of /
underdevelopment of self-talk statement SIT – a means of exercising covert control
over behavior General Strategy: From impersonal to
personal, from over to covert training
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Problem Solving
Spivack, G., Plat, J., Shure, M.B.: Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving (ICPS)
D’Zurilla, T.J., Nezu, A.M.: Social Problem Solving (SPS)
Overlapping a lot, but…
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SPS
Social Problem Solving
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SPS I – Problem Orientation
Problem Orientation:1. Problem Recognition 2. Problem Attribution3. Problem Appraisal4. Perceived Control 5. Time / Effort Commitment
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SPS 2 – Problem Solving
Problem Solving Skills:
1. Problem Definition and Formulation
2. Generation of Alternative Solutions
3. Decision Making
4. Solution Implementation and Verification
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ICPS
Five Stages Model Problem recognition Generating Alternatives Means-ends Thinking Consequential Thinking Perspective Taking
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Self Management
Kanfer: Self-monitoring, Self-Evaluation, and Self-control.
Applied both to Behaviors and Cognitions
A very useful strategy for generalization
Helping client to develop responsibility for his own