CBSE Class 10 Hindi Study Material Full 2013
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Transcript of CBSE Class 10 Hindi Study Material Full 2013
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UUU UUU ---vvv (((FA-1 + FA-2))) UUU UUU
UUUUUU --- lll
lll UUU UUU UUUUUU UUU UUUUUU UUU UUUUUU UUU UUU UUU UUU UUU UUU UUU UUU UUU UUU ---
. ,d cki us csVs dks Hkh ewfrZdyk fl[kkbZA nksuksa gkV esa tkrs vkSj viuh&viuh ewfrZ;k cspdj vkrsA cki dh ewfrZ Mskrk vkSj vxys fnu mUgsa lq/kkjus ds fy, dgrkA;g e o"kksZa pyrk jgkA yM+dk le>nkj FkkA mlus firk dh ckrsa /;ku ls lquha vkSj viuh dyk esa lq/kkj djus dk iz;Ru djrk jgkA
dqN le; ckn yM+ds dh ewfrZ;k Hkh Mskrk vkSj ewfrZ;ksa esa jgus okys nks"kksa dh rjQ+ mldk /;ku [khaprkA csVs us vkSj vf/kd /;ku fn;k rks dyk Hkh vkSj vf/kd fu[kjhA ewfrZ;k ikp&ikp :i;s dh fcdus yxhaA lq/kkj ds fy, le>kus dk e cki us rc Hkh can u fd;kA ,d fnu csVs us >q>ykdj dgk vki rks nks"k fudkyus dh ckr can gh ugha djrsA esjh dyk vc rks vki ls Hkh vPNh gS] eq>s ewfrZ ds ikp #i;s feyrs gSa] tcfd vkidks nks gh #i;sA
cki us dgk&csVk] tc eSa rqEgkjh mez dk Fkk] rc eq>s viuh dyk dh iw.kZrk dk vagdkj gks x;k vkSj fQj lq/kkj dh ckr lkspuk NksM+ fn;kA rc ls esjh izxfr #d xbZ vkSj nks #i;s ls vf/kd dh ewfrZ;k u cuk ldkA eSa pkgrk gwW og Hkwy rqe u djksA viuh =qfV;ksa dks le>us vkSj lq/kkjus dk e lnk t+kjh j[kks] rkfd cgqewY; ewfrZ;k cukus okys Js"B dykdkjksa dh Js.kh esa igqp ldksA
1- cki vkSj csVs D;k cukrs Fks \ d- ewfrZ;k [k- ewfrZdyk x- #i;s ?k- dqN ugha 2- gkV ls ykSVdj cki vius csVs dks D;k le>krk Fkk \ d- ewfrZ;ksa dh vPNkb;ksa dks [k- ewfrZ;ksa dh =qfV;ksa dks x- ewfrZ;ksa dh dyk dks ?k- ewfrZ;ksa dh fch dks 3- izkjEHk esa csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dk ewY; fdruk feyrk Fkk \ d- vkB&nl vkus [k- nl&ckjg vkus x- N%&lkr vkus ?k- pkj&N% vkus 4- csVk cki ls D;ksa >q>yk x;k \ d- cki }kjk csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa esa fujUrj nks"k fudkyus ds dkj.k [k- cki }kjk csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dh izkalk x- csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dh dher ikp #i;s feyus ds dkj.k ?k- csVs esa ?ke.M gksus ds dkj.k 5- cki dh ewfrZ;k geskk Ms
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... vPNk ukxfjd cuus ds fy, Hkkjr ds izkphu fopkjdksa us dqN fu;eksa dk izko/kku fd;k gSA bu fu;eksa esa ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dh ]drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dk leqfpr fuokZg] ikjLifjd ln~Hkko]lg;ksx vkSj lsok dh Hkkouk vkfn fu;e cgqr egRRoiw.kZ ekus x, gSaA bu lHkh xq.kksa dk fodkl
,d ckyd esa ;fn mldh ckY;koLFkk ls gh fd;k tk, rks og vius dk ukxfjd cu ldrk gSA ok.kh ,oa O;ogkj dh e/kqjrk lHkh ds fy, lq[knk;d gksrh gS] lekt esa gkfnZd ln~Hkko dh on~f/k
djrh gS] fdarq vgadkjghu O;fDr gh fLuX/k ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gSA ftl izdkj ,d O;fDr lekt esa jgdj vius O;ogkj ls drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj ds izfr ltx jgrk gS] mlh rjg ds izfr Hkh mldk O;ogkj drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dh Hkkouk ls Hkkfor jguk pkfg,A mldk drZO; gks tkrk
gS fd u rks og Lo;a dksbZ ,slk dke djs vkSj u gh nwljksa dks djus ns] ftlls ds lEeku] laifRr vkSj LokfHkeku dks Bsl igqpsA
1. vPNk ukxfjd cuus ds xq.kksa dk fodkl esa dc ls djuk pkfg,\
d ckY;koLFkk ls [k ls x ;qokoLFkk ls ?k fdlh Hkh voLFkk ls
2. fdl dh e/kqjrk lcds fy, lq[knk;h gksrh gS\ d [kku&iku dh [k iguus&vks
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?kVuk, laLdkjksa esa fpjthou ikrh gSa vkSj laLdkj ds v{k; okgd ] lkfgR;] dyk vkfn gSaA nh?kZdky ls fonskh Hkkk gekjs fopkj& fofue; vkSj dk ek/;e gh ugha jgh] og gekjs fon~oku vkSj laLd`r gksus dk izek.k Hkh ekuh tkrh jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;fn geesa ls vusd mlds vHkko esa
thfor jgus dh dYiuk ls flgj mBrs gSa] rks dh ckr ughaA ijyksd dh fLFkfr dks LFkk;h ekudj rks fpfdRlk laHko ugha gksrhA &thou dh iw.kZrk ds fy, mlds eukstxr dks eqDr djuk gksxk vkSj ;g dk;Z iz;Ru&lk/; gS] D;ksafd kjhj dks ck/kus okyh k`a[kyk ls vkRek dks tdM+us okyh k`a[kyk vf/kd n`
2. gekjs ;gk ijra=rk vkbZ------------------ d vk/kh ds leku [k rwQku ds leku
x jksx ds dhVk.kq ykus okys ean lehj ds leku ?k ds leku
3. ] dyk] lkfgR; vkfn fdlds okgd gSa\ d ifjokj [k O;fDr x lekt ?k laLdkj
4. ge fdlds vHkko esa thfor jgus dh dYiuk ls flgj mBrs gSa\
d yksd& [k ekr` x ?k jkt
5. thou dh iw.kZrk ds fy, gS--------------- d lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dk gksuk [k mlds eukstxr dks eqDr djuk x viuh ok.kh dk gksuk ?k Lora= jguk mmmRRRrrrjjj&&& 111---ddd 222---xxx 333---???kkk 444---[[[kkk 555---[[[kkk
. S fl , fl U U fl U U fl U UU fl U CU UU U, U U U U U flMh U U fl U Sfl UU U U U U U U fl U fl U U U flU U U U U
flfl S UM fl-fl, U flU U UCU U U U UCU U U U UU S fl-U U U U U UUS , U fl U U UM fl U U U fl U U, U UU U U U U U UU U U U U U, U UU- fl fl U U fl U S U U
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v. U U U -
() fl- () UUS
() U () U
w. U fl U-
() U () U
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x. fl U U fl U- fl U?
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y. U U U U?
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z. flU U U U- U-
() flU U U U U () flU U U U U
() flU U-UU U () flU U U U
UU v (), w (), x (), y (), z ()
UUUUUU ---
flflfl UUUUUU flflfl UUU UUU UUU UUU ---
. pys xko dh vksj tgka] ij gjs [ksr ygjkrs] esM+ksa ij gSa d`"kd ?kwers] lq[k ls xhr xkrsA xsgw puk eVj tkS ysdj] flj ij Hkkj [kM+s gSa] chp&chp esa izgjh tSls] fn[krs o`{k vM+s gSA pys xko dh vksj >ksiMs+ tgk >qds /kjrh esa] r# ds uhps [ksy jgs gSa] cPps fut eLrh esaA dfV ij fy, xxfj;k xksjh vkrh gS cy[kkrh] ns[k fdlh xq#tu dks lEeq[k lglk 'kjek tkrhA
1 [ksrksa esa xsgw] puk] eVj dSls fn[kkbZ nsrs gS \ () ygjkrs gq, () xkrs gq, () vM+s gq, () cks> fy, [kM+s gq,
2 dfo us izgjh fdUgsa dgk gS\ () xsgw] puk] eVj ()d`"kdksa () [ksrksa () o`{kksa
3 cPps dgk [ksy jgs gSaa\
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()r# ds uhps () [ksr ()Nko () ?kj 4 xksjh D;ksa 'kjek tkrh gS\
()mls fdlh us cy[kkrs ns[k fy;kA ()mlds flj ij Hkkjh xxfj;k gSA ()NksVs cPpksa dks ns[kdjA () lglk fdlh xq#tu ds lEeq[k vk tkus ijA
5 *o`{k* 'kCn dk Ik;kZ;okph gS%& () oV () ikS/kk () r# () iq"i
UUUUUU UUU UUU vvv ((())),,, www ((())),,, xxx ((())),,, yyy ((())),,, zzz ((()))
... cgqr ukt+ Fkk vius lq[k ij ij u fVdk nks fnu lq[k oSHko nq[k&lq[k dks Hkh le>k lkxj ,d cwn Hkh ugha jgk og ns[kk tc fnu&jkr phM+ou fur djkg vkgsa Hkjrk gS eSaus nq[k dkrj gks&gksdj tc&tc nj&nj dj QSyk;k
lq[k ds vfHkyk eu esjs rc&rc lnk fujknj ik;k Bksdj [kk&[kkdj ik;k gS nq[k dk dkj.k dk;jrk gSA 1 dfo dks fdl ij ukt+ Fkk \ d nq[k ij [k lq[k ij x dfork ij ?k ys[ku ij 2 dfo fdldks lkxj le> cSBk \ d {kf.kd lq[k dks [k lq[k&nq[k dks x thou dks ?k dk;jrk dks 3 lq[k vkSj nq[k dSls gSa \ d cgqr vPNs [k {k.kHkaxqj x /kwi&Nko ?k oSHko laiUu
4 dfo us lq[k dh vfHkykk esa D;k ik;k \ d fujknj [k lq[k dk lkxj x eku ?k HkkSfrd lq[k 5 dfo us nq[k dk dkj.k fdls ekuk gS \ d lq[k dks [k lq[k&nq[k dks x ohjrk dks ?k dk;jrk dks
mmmRRRrrrjjj&&& 111---[[[kkk 222---[[[kkk 333---[[[kkk 444---ddd 555---???kkk
... ladVksa ls ohj ?kcjkrs ugha] vkink, ns[k fNi tkrs ughaA yx x, ftl dke esa iwjk fd;k] dke djds O;FkZ iNrkrs ughaA gks ljy vFkok dfBu gks jkLrk] deZohjksa dks u blls okLrkA c
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gS vlaHko dqN ugha muds fy,] ljy&laHko dj fn[kkrs os lnkA ;g vlaHko dk;jksa dk kCn gS] dgk Fkk usiksfy;u us ,d fnuA lp crk] ft+nxh gh O;FkZ gS]
niZ fcu] mRlkg fcu] vkS fcuA 1 deZohjksa dks fdldh ijokg ugha gksrh \ d ladVksa dh [k dfBu jkLrksa dh x vkinkvksa dh ?k bu lHkh dh 2 deZohj ladVksa dks ns[kdj D;k djrs gSa \ d ?kcjk tkrs gSa [k xhr xkrs gSa x nwj gV tkrs gSa ?k dke ugha djrs 3 vlaHko dk iz;ksx dkSu djrk gS \ d fgEer okys [k dk;j x yksHkh ?k deZohj 4 *vlaHko dk;jksa dk gS*& fdlus dgk Fkk \ d dfo us [k usrkth us x xka/khth us ?k usiksfy;u us 5 dfork esa dkSu-lk jl izokfgr gS \ d d#.k jl [k ohj jl x jkSnz jl ?k gkL; jl mmmRRRrrrjjj&&& 111---???kkk 222---[[[kkk 333---[[[kkk 444---???kkk 555---[[[kkk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FA-1
vvv... --- U, U S U fl / U U -
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w. Ufl UUU UUU ( U) x. flU UUflU UUU UUU (S )
U U U fl fl U U U U U --- M U U U U U U M U
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U U U - U , , , , , U, U, ,
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() flU UU U ( - ) --- U U - (v) - U U U - () UU U UU U
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U fl - (U ) U, U U U U www... mmmUUU UUU --- U fl U U , , U U
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U U (flU flS U), U U U U fl U U U U U, flU U U, U U U ; U U U U U
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() U U --- U U - ((())) SSS ///flflflSSS - SU flS U U
U U U - , U, U, (v) U U UU U ( flS) (w) U UU (U flS)
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U - - (v) flU UU U flU / UU U? UU U - (w) flU UU UU U flU / UU U? UU U - UUU UUU UUU UUU ---
(U - Sfl U U U U Ufl, UU U U U - flU fl U U U U U) UUU flflfl MMM UUU mmmUUU UUU flflfl flflfl MMM UUU UUU
((( ))) (((mmmUUU )))UUU fl fl U U Ufl U U Ufl U U Ufl U U Ufl
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fl UU fl fl --- v. w. x. U y. U
111... --- fl U U, flU U U
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U U U, flU flU U U - U - U U, (U) U U fl U U, flU U U U U - v. U U w. - U x. U U? U U y. U U U U U, U
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))) ***+++
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa iz;qDr U&&&
d esjs HkkbZ us vkt nsj ls [kkuk [kk;kA
[k eSaus jkr Hkj i
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vvv... --- SSSflflfl fffuuuEEEuuufffyyyfff[[[kkkrrr lll UUU UUU flflfl UUUUUU UUU UUU UUU UUU ---
v. U fl mU Q U U fl U U- U U U U U U- U U U - - U U U U U U U PU , U U ? U flSfl ? fl fl U U U U flU U U U
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(1) (2) (3) - (4)
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1 (4), (3), (x), (x), (x)
3.vc gkynkj lkgc dks ckr dqN&dqN le> esa vkbZA ,d p'esokyk gS ftldk uke dSIVu gSA mls usrkth
dh cxSj p'esokyh ewfrZ cqjh yxrh gSA cfYd vkgr djrh gS] ekuks p'es ds cxSj usrkth dks vlqfo/kk gks jgh
gksA blfy, og viuh NksVh-lh nqdku esa miyC/k fxus&pqus seksa esa ls ,d usrkth dh ewfrZ ij fQV dj
nsrk gSA ysfdu tc dksbZ xzkgd vkrk gS vkSj mls oSls gh se dh njdkj gksrh gS tSlk ewfrZ ij yxk gS rks
dSIVu p'esokyk ewfrZ ij yxk se laHkor% usrkth ls {kek ekaxrs gq, ykdj xzkgd dks ns nsrk gS vkSj ckn
esa usrkth dks nwljk se ykSVk nsrk gS! okg! HkbZ [kwc! D;k vkbfM;k gSA
1 gkynkj lkgc dks igys dkSu-lh ckr le> ugha vkrh gS\
d usrkth dk p'ek D;ksa ugha gS \
[k usrkth dk p'ek fdlus mrkj fy;k\
x usrkth dk p'ek ckj&2 cnyrk D;ksa gSS\
?k usrkth dh ewfrZ ds lkFk dkSu NsM+[kkuh djrk gS \
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2 p'es okyk usrkth dh ewfrZ ij p'ek D;ksa yxk nsrk gS\
d usrkth ds dkj.k [k- p'es ds foKkiu ds dkj.k
x vius usrkth ds izfr lEeku ds dkj.k ?k yksxksa dk eu j[kus ds fy,
3- p'es okys dks usrkth dh cxSj p'esokyh ewfrZ cqjh D;ksa yxrh gS\ d ns'k HkfDr ds dkj.k [k lkSUn;Z cks/k ds dkj.k x [kkyhiu ds dkj.k ?k uxj ikfydk dh dksrkgh ds dkj.k 4 ^okg [kwc!* D;k vkbfM;k gS*& ;g fopkj fdlds eu esa vk;k \ d turk ds [k ns'kokfl;ksa ds x ys[kd ds ?k gkynkj ds 5 ^vkgr* dk vFkZ gSA d ?kk;y [k pksVxzLr x O;fFkr ?k ijs'kku mmmkkkjjj %%% 111 xxx 222 xxx 333 ddd 444 ???kkk 555 xxx
---- iz 1 ikuokys dk ,d js[kkfp= izLrqr dhft,A
m- ikuokyk LoHkko ls cgqr gh jfl;k] glksM+ vkSj et+kfd;k FkkA og 'kjhj ls eksVk FkkA mldh rksan
fudyh jgrh FkhA mlds eqg esa iku Bqalk jgrk FkkA iku ds dkj.k og Bhd ls ckr rd ugha dj
ikrk Fkk vkSj glus ij mlds yky&dkys nkr f[ky mBrs FksA og ckrsa cukus esa mLrkn FkkA mldh
cksyh esa glh vkSj O;aX; dk iqV cuk jgrk FkkA
iz 2 tc rd gkynkj lkgc us dSIVu dks lk{kkr ns[kk ugha Fkk rc rd muds ekul&iVy ij mldk
dkSu lk fp= jgk gksxk] viuh dYiuk ls fyf[k,A
m tc rd gkynkj lkgc us viuh vk[kksa ls p'es okys dSIVu dks ns[kk ugha Fkk] rc rd muds eu esa
dSIVu dh ewfrZ dqN vkSj Fkh mUgksusa lkspk Fkk fd dSIVu 'kjhj ls gV~Vk&dV~Vk etcwr gksxkA og
t#j flj ij QkSth Vksih igurk gksxkA og jkScnkj vuq'kkflr vkSj ncax euq"; gksxkA mldh ok.kh esa
Hkkjhiu gksxkA
iz 3 dSIVu p'esokyk ewfrZ dk p'ek ckj&ckj D;ksa cny nsrk Fkk\
m lqHkk"kpUnz cksl dh ewfrZ ij p'ek ugha FkkA blh deh dh iwfrZ p'esokyk dSIVu fd;k djrk FkkA og
p'es cspk djrk FkkA vr% og dksbZ u dksbZ p'ek usrkth dh vk[kksa ij yxk nsrk FkkA vxj dksbZ
xzkgd ewfrZ ij yxk se ekx ysrk rks dSIVu og se mrkjdj mldh txg dksbZ vU; se yxk nsrk
FkkA bl izdkj ewfrZ ij p'es cnyrs jgrs FksA
iz 4 ^usrkth dk p'ek* ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft, fd ns'k izse fdl rjg izdV gksrk gS \
m ns'k izse izdV djus ds fy, cM+s&cMs ukjksa dh vko';drk ugha gSA u gh toku ofy"B ;k lSfud gksus
dh t#jr gSA ns'k izse rks NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ls izdV gks ldrk gSA ;fn gekjs eu esa ns'k ds izfr izse
gSa rks ge ns'k dh gj NksVh ls NksVh deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, iz;Ru dj ldrs gSaA usrkth dk p'ek
esa dSIVu us usrkth dh ewfrZ ij p'ek yxkdj gh viuh Hkkouk dk ifjp; ns fn;kA
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vvvvvv... --- SSSflflfl
lll UUU UUU UUU UUU flflfl UUUUUU UUU UUU --- vvv... - U U U fl U ,
, U , U flU U -U U U, , flU - U fl U fl S , , U U U UU - U U U U - U fl UU U SflM U U M , U U U
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()Sfl U () fl U
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() () () () -1 () 2. () 3.() 4() 5.()
111777 ***+++111--- (((222 ))))
iz 1 cky xksfou Hkxr dh mUgsa vdsys D;ksa ughsa pkgrh Fkh\
m Hkxr dh tkurh Fkh fd Hkxr th lalkj esa vdsys gSa mudk ,dek= iq= ej pqdk gS os
cw
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m cky xksfou Hkxr dh dchj ij vxk/k Jn~/kk FkhA os dchj dks viuk lkgc ekurs Fks vkSj mUgha dh
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