Computer-Based Information

System ( CBIS )

Why ?Advancement in the principles and functional areas of business

Increasing sophistication and speed of response through strategic planning and balanced control for managerial decision-making

A constant demand for information which should be provided to the right person at the right time and in right quantity

Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)

System AnalystDatabase Administrator

Network SpecialistProgrammers

Information Management

Management ofResources

Information

PersonnelMachinesMaterials

Money

Physical Resources Conceptual Resources

requires Information Specialist

• Acquiring information• Processing information in efficient manner• Discarding information with relevant and recent information

What are mangers concerned about ?

Global economic influenceWorldwide competitive environmentIncreasing complexity of technologyRevised focus on DSSChanging nature of OASApplication of artificial intelligenceShrinking time framesSocial constraints

Model of a Computer-based Information System

Accounting information system

Management information system

Decision-support system

The virtual office

Knowledge-based system

Computer-based information system ( CBIS )Problem

Information Decision

Problemsolution

Circular CBIS Life Cycle

1. Planning phase

2. Analysis phase

3. Design phase

4. Implementation phase

5. Use phase

Evolution of ITRobert L. Nolan presents a framework on evolution of IT• Data processing era• Information Technology era• Network era

Evolution of IT

Data Processing era

Net working era

Informationtechnology era

1960 1980 1995 2010

Evolution of ITOrganisations were functional hierarchies

Work methods and procedures were well defined

TPSs were given preferences for better allocation and control of resources

Between 1960-1980

Evolution of ITRefocused the use of IT on knowledge-workers

MIS with ITOAS, micro computing, CAD, CAM, robotics emerged

Between 1980-1995

Evolution of ITIT combined with network to leverage business results

A particular system of IT sometimes found inadequate

IT combined with new organisational form will bring about dramatic change and productivity improvements

Between 1995-2010

Nolan predicted that IT combined with network would help Organisation to create 10-fold productivity

Organisational changed process with IT

Phase I

Investment /Project

Management

Phase III

ManagementControl

Phase IV

Wide spreadTechnology

transfer

Phase II

TechnologyLearning andAdaptation

Implementing the technology

Trying the Technology

Managing the technology

How does IT help ?IndividualFunctional unit

Organisation as a whole

Improving efficiency

Improving effectiveness

Facilitating transformation

Impact on: through:

What is efficiency ?

It can be defined as ‘doing things right’.

What is effectiveness ?

It can be defined as ‘doing the right things’ or doing the things that

need to be done to achieve the desired

result

Transformation

Change in the way of doing business

Change in the nature of the product and / or service

An entire transformation in the operation of a functional unit or organisation as a whole

Effect of IT on Individual, functional unit and organisation

Individual Functional unit

Organisation

Efficiency Task mechanisation

Process automation

Boundary extension

Effectiveness

Work improvement

Functional enhancement

Service enhancement

Trasformation

Role expansion

Functional redefinition

Product innovation

Effect of IT on Individual, functional unit and organisation

Individual Functional unit Organisation

Efficiency Task mechanisation word processingSpreadsheet for budget

Process automationAutomated word processing and inventory control

Boundary extensionOn-line order entry linking customers and suppliers

Effectiveness

Work improvementUsing prospective database to generate sales letters

Functional EnhancementComputer aided designComputer aided management

Service enhancementHotels can introduce video-conferencing

Trasformation

Role expansionUsing laptop to do ‘what … if’ questions

Functional RedefinitionBook with CD-ROM by publishing company

Product innovationTo go for diversification and open-up new business opportunities

Problem solving through IT

External environment

Internal environment

Present State

Desired State

System

action