Cavity Fluids also Supplemental fluids Special purpose fluids.
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Transcript of Cavity Fluids also Supplemental fluids Special purpose fluids.
Cavity Fluids
alsoSupplemental fluids
Special purpose fluids
Cavity Fluids
primary (main) purpose• use for visceral preservation in cavities
also for• hypodermic injection• external packs
Characteristics
• should be quick acting• have low surface tension• preserve and disinfect the internal (solid and
hollow) organs with a minimum quantity of fluid
• should be stringent
• Intended to be used UNDILUTED
Characteristics
• emphasis on preserving agents because they are directly applied with trocar (cannula)
• therefore, you do not have the problems associated with arterial distribution.
Composition
• Preservatives• Germicides• Vehicles• others
Preservatives
• HCHO most common (& cheap!!!!)
• aldehydes and dialdehydes• alcohols• phenols
for penetrating qualities (common in more expensive fluids.)
• inorganic salts• combinations
Germicides
Remember: preservatives normally act as germicides, too; these components often added esp. for germicidal effect
• Phenols• Quaternary Ammonium compounds• Dialdehydes
Note multiple purposes
Others
• Tanning agents (must make contact with tissue to work)
• Penetrants • Perfumes / odor suppressors
Vehicles
• water
• alcohols• other organic solvents
Both primarily to keep other components in solution
Supplemental fluids
• Pre-injection• Co-injection
Primary Injection Fluids (pre-injection)
• used in advance of a vascular injection of arterial fluids
• formulation is usually much simpler than arterial fluids
Purpose
• insure good removal of the blood
• provide the best distribution of arterial fluids.
Co-injection fluids
• modify / balance arterial fluid • primarily humectants and HCHO control
chemicals.
• Note: it is possible to get more dehydration with 1% HCHO solution than with a 5% solution with a good co-injection.
Co-injection
• composition - basically the same as pre- injection fluids but maybe in different proportions.
• It never hurts to use a co-injection and you can get good results avoiding some of the problems of the pre-injection.
Humectants
• Create an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture.
• (referred to as HYDROSCOPIC i.e. seek water).
Humectants
• described as having a coating action to wrap around the HCHO & prevent contact with protein until tissues are thoroughly saturated
• Result?tissues often more flexible / ‘rubbery’
Humectants
• Especially valuable when body predisposed to dehydration
Humectant examples
• AlcoholsPolyhydroxy / trihydroxy / dihydroxy
• Oils• Gums
Alcohols
Polyhydroxy alcohols C6H8(OH)6
• Sorbitol • Mannitol• Dulcitol
• Sorbitol loses its water at slower rate, so is more effective than many others
more alcohol examples
• Trihydroxy alcohols
Glycerol or Glycerine C3H5(OH)3
• helps prevent overdrying of tissue• enhances germicidal power of other chemicals• is a humectant and solvent
more alcohol examples
• Dihydroxy alcohols (i.e. Glycols)
propylene glycol (is also a mold inhibitor)
ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Oils
• Lanolin aka "wool grease" or "lambs feet"
• Oleates = natural unsaturated fatty acids
• Mineral oils = refined petroleum oil (i.e. laxatives)
• - not water soluble, but can be readily dispersed in proper concentrations-help mitigate drying effect of preservatives
Gums
• add after initial injection when surface discolorations are cleared
• will aid in retaining moisture and fill out emaciated looking tissue
• Names?Karaya & Tragacanth
Buffers
• Chemicals which effect a stabilization of the acid-base balance within embalming solutions and in embalmed tissues;
• they control pH
Why buffers?
• highly acidic conditions speed the polymerization of HCHO
• strong basic solutions cause the decomp of HCHO
(decomp of HCHO is called Cannizzaro reaction)
Buffers help to modify / control
More reasons for buffers
• slightly acidic conditions result in more fixation &more putty gray color of tissue
• slightly alkaline conditions result in better tissue color &
enhanced action of dyes
BUFFERS
• resist changes in pH• most arterials are buffered to
7.2 - 7.4
Examples
• Borax • Sodium phosphates• Citrates• EDTA
Borax
• Sodium Tetraborate Na2(B4O4)
• the most efficient stabilizer of HCHOkeeps it stable for 2+ years
Special Purpose Fluids
• Jaundice• Edema• High Index / extra firming• Tissue Gas
remember
• Methanal = HCHO
Go to special purpose products