Causes of WW ICauses of WW I

Militarism and Imperialism/ Militarism and Imperialism/ NationalismNationalism

ImperialismImperialism

Moroccan Crises (1905 & 1911)Moroccan Crises (1905 & 1911) tension between Germ. & Fr.tension between Germ. & Fr. Germany Declared support for an Germany Declared support for an

independent Moroccoindependent MoroccoIn attempt to Frustrate FrenchIn attempt to Frustrate French

Break up French English AllianceBreak up French English Alliance

Algeçiras Conference Algeçiras Conference

Conference in 1906 in AlgercirasConference in 1906 in Algerciras

Discussion of What to Happen in MoroccoDiscussion of What to Happen in Morocco

Britain Supports FrenchBritain Supports French Alliance StrongAlliance Strong

War avertedWar averted

Morocco to be independentMorocco to be independent

France to be responsible to internal orderFrance to be responsible to internal order

Crisis to Reignite in 1911Crisis to Reignite in 1911 German Warship the Panther to Agadir sent German Warship the Panther to Agadir sent

to protect German Nationals against possible to protect German Nationals against possible native uprisingnative uprising

No Actual Germans in the AreaNo Actual Germans in the Area Seen As SABRE RATTLING Seen As SABRE RATTLING

Attempt to Assert German PowerAttempt to Assert German Power

WeltpolitikWeltpolitik The name given towards Germany’s move The name given towards Germany’s move

towards global stature after 1894towards global stature after 1894 An aggressive foreign policy (see An aggressive foreign policy (see RealpolitikRealpolitik) )

Kaiser to attempt to intervene in several Kaiser to attempt to intervene in several international affairsinternational affairs Moroccan CrisisMoroccan Crisis German intervention in the Japan Korea warGerman intervention in the Japan Korea war Intervention into Armenian massacreIntervention into Armenian massacre

Naval Race for the SeasNaval Race for the Seas

One of Kaiser Wilhelm’s key ideasOne of Kaiser Wilhelm’s key ideas

Aimed at Challenging BritainAimed at Challenging Britain

Goal to build a fleet 2/3Goal to build a fleet 2/3rdrd size of Britain size of Britain Along with base in North to neutralize a British Along with base in North to neutralize a British

threatthreat

British ReactionsBritish Reactions

British Ships called HomeBritish Ships called Home

Had Capacity to out build the GermansHad Capacity to out build the Germans

2 power standard2 power standard Ability to Defeat two of the largest battle fleets Ability to Defeat two of the largest battle fleets

combinedcombined Had Japanese look after their Asian interests Had Japanese look after their Asian interests

in return for attempting to moderate attitudes in return for attempting to moderate attitudes towards the Japanesetowards the Japanese

U BoatU Boat

1906 German’s 1906 German’s produce First U boatproduce First U boat

Rejected an idea to Rejected an idea to blockade the British blockade the British Isles with U boats Isles with U boats assumed war would assumed war would be over to soonbe over to soon

22 used in service22 used in service

British DreadnoughtBritish Dreadnought

Dreadnought Dreadnought Huge shipHuge ship Big guns Big guns

Public ReactionPublic Reaction

Expensive EndeavourExpensive Endeavour

German Belief that Naval Fleet was a German Belief that Naval Fleet was a strong and admirable pursuit for a nationstrong and admirable pursuit for a nation

British Battle CryBritish Battle Cry ““We want eight and we won’t wait”We want eight and we won’t wait” Wanted DreadnaughtsWanted Dreadnaughts

Disarmament TalksDisarmament Talks

Hague Peace Conferences (1899 & Hague Peace Conferences (1899 & 1907)1907) Just an attemptJust an attempt Some success:Some success:

Dumdum bullets were banned.Dumdum bullets were banned. Bullets which Flattened or expanded Bullets which Flattened or expanded

in the bodyin the body

Schlieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan

Germany Facing a two front warGermany Facing a two front war

Plan to destroy who ever mobilized first Plan to destroy who ever mobilized first then regroup then regroup

Decision to destroy France FirstDecision to destroy France First Smaller ArmySmaller Army Faster to mobilizeFaster to mobilize Go through Belgium to access FranceGo through Belgium to access France

What were the Flaws in the plan?What were the Flaws in the plan? Germany would be named an aggressorGermany would be named an aggressor Violating Belgian Neutrality due to French Violating Belgian Neutrality due to French

forces conglomerated on the Rhinelandforces conglomerated on the Rhineland Leaving A.H to fend for themselves against Leaving A.H to fend for themselves against

the Serbs for a timethe Serbs for a time

Balkan CrisisBalkan Crisis

Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia- Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia- Herzegovina (1908):Herzegovina (1908): Serbia angered mobilized troops.Serbia angered mobilized troops. Russian angered, b/c not Russian angered, b/c not

consultedconsulted No war…yet.No war…yet.

First Balkan War (1912):First Balkan War (1912): Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and

Montenegro fight against TurksMontenegro fight against Turks

Second Balkan War (1913):Second Balkan War (1913): Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece,

Rumania and Turkey fight Rumania and Turkey fight against Bulgariaagainst Bulgaria

Both of these wars created more Both of these wars created more tension between:tension between: Turkey and Balkan countries.Turkey and Balkan countries. Austria-Hungary and SerbiaAustria-Hungary and Serbia Germany and RussiaGermany and Russia

NATIONALISMNATIONALISM

THE FINAL “ISM”THE FINAL “ISM”

Issues with NationalismIssues with Nationalism

Nationalism ignored in favor of peace Nationalism ignored in favor of peace during the Congress of Viennaduring the Congress of Vienna

Germany/Italy being left as divided states Germany/Italy being left as divided states

Many thought the war would be short and Many thought the war would be short and with a decisive victorwith a decisive victor They Supported their GovernmentsThey Supported their Governments

NationalismNationalism

A.H.A.H. Made up of 50 millionMade up of 50 million Less then Half of its population was Less then Half of its population was

Austro or HungarianAustro or HungarianSlavs ( most vocal/ Restless)Slavs ( most vocal/ Restless)PolishPolishSlovaksSlovaksItaliansItaliansCzechsCzechsCroatsCroats

The Plot thickensThe Plot thickens

Slavs Wanted to join with SerbiaSlavs Wanted to join with Serbia Form A United Slavic KingdomForm A United Slavic Kingdom

Turkey has InterestsTurkey has Interests

Russia has interests Russia has interests

Austria Hungary has interestsAustria Hungary has interests

Slightest issue could trigger total war: Slightest issue could trigger total war: The powder keg.The powder keg.

Assassination of FranzAssassination of Franz

The Shot heard Around the WorldThe Shot heard Around the World

The shot that was heard The shot that was heard around the worldaround the world

Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip

Black HandBlack Hand Serbian Serbian

Nationalist Nationalist groupgroup

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wifehis wife

Chain ReactionChain Reaction

Austria-Hungary’s “ultimatum”Austria-Hungary’s “ultimatum”

Serbia rejects any violation of its Serbia rejects any violation of its sovereignty. sovereignty.

A.H. refuses to go the World Court in A.H. refuses to go the World Court in The HagueThe Hague

Militarists in Germany and A.H. wanted Militarists in Germany and A.H. wanted war. war. Germany’s “blank cheque” Germany’s “blank cheque” http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/blankcheque.htm

The UltimatumThe Ultimatum

Stop All Anti Austria Hungarian activityStop All Anti Austria Hungarian activity

Removal All officials guilty of carrying out anti Removal All officials guilty of carrying out anti Austrian sentimentAustrian sentiment

Allow Austria Hungary to Conduct its own Allow Austria Hungary to Conduct its own investigationinvestigation

Prevent the Smuggling of weapons across Prevent the Smuggling of weapons across common borderscommon borders

Make Explanations for Serbians officials Home Make Explanations for Serbians officials Home and Abroad that express Hostility towards AHand Abroad that express Hostility towards AH

France gives assurances to RussiaFrance gives assurances to Russia

Germany is alarmed…two front Germany is alarmed…two front war.war.

Germany wanted to access Germany wanted to access Belgium, issues an UltimatumBelgium, issues an Ultimatum

Belgium’s neutrality was Belgium’s neutrality was guaranteed by Britain.guaranteed by Britain.

The war is on by August 3, 1914The war is on by August 3, 1914