Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

► Imperialism- Britain and France Imperialism- Britain and France had colonies all over the world had colonies all over the world Germany only had small colonies in AfricaGermany only had small colonies in Africa

►Militarism- German/France armies Militarism- German/France armies doubled between 1870 and 1914doubled between 1870 and 1914 Britain had strongest navyBritain had strongest navy

CausesCauses

►World CausesWorld Causes AlliancesAlliances

►NationalismNationalism- All countries wanted to - All countries wanted to promote their own interests and promote their own interests and become more powerfulbecome more powerful

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

► Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary’s Archduke visiting Sarajevo (in Austria-Hungary’s Archduke visiting Sarajevo (in

Bosnia) which made Serbians madBosnia) which made Serbians mad ““Black Hand” Black Hand”

►Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip Directly led to war in August of 1914Directly led to war in August of 1914

► Austro-Hungarian government blames Austro-Hungarian government blames Serbia and declares warSerbia and declares war Russia aids SerbiaRussia aids Serbia Germany aids Austria-HungaryGermany aids Austria-Hungary

U.S. Entry into WWIU.S. Entry into WWI

►U.S. struggles with neutralityU.S. struggles with neutrality August 4, 1914 Wilson declares neutralityAugust 4, 1914 Wilson declares neutrality

►Americans had mixed feelingsAmericans had mixed feelings► Remember Washington’s Farewell Address?Remember Washington’s Farewell Address?

►As neutral nation U.S. continues tradingAs neutral nation U.S. continues trading $800 million - $3 billion in trading$800 million - $3 billion in trading Beneficial at first but costly as time went onBeneficial at first but costly as time went on

►International neutrality law International neutrality law

violated by Germansviolated by Germans

U-Boat FeverU-Boat Fever

►German U-boatsGerman U-boats May 7, 1915- May 7, 1915- LusitaniaLusitania sunk by Germans sunk by Germans

►Unlimited submarine warfareUnlimited submarine warfare Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with

GermanyGermany

Further developmentsFurther developments

►Arabic pledgeArabic pledge Germany would not sink unarmed shipsGermany would not sink unarmed ships

►Sussex pledgeSussex pledge Agreed on rules of visit and searchAgreed on rules of visit and search

►Election of 1916Election of 1916 Wilson runs and wins “he kept us out of Wilson runs and wins “he kept us out of

war”war”

U.S. in WWIU.S. in WWI► Zimmerman note-Zimmerman note-

German foreign minister sends German foreign minister sends two German ambassador to Mexicotwo German ambassador to Mexico

British intercept message and tell U.S.British intercept message and tell U.S.

Telegraph states that if Telegraph states that if MexicoMexico agreed to attack the U.S. agreed to attack the U.S. then then Germany Germany would make sure they would get the Mexican would make sure they would get the Mexican Session back.Session back.

Wilson publishes note to enrage citizens of U.S.Wilson publishes note to enrage citizens of U.S.

Zimmerman noteZimmerman note

U.S. goes to warU.S. goes to war►March 4, 1917- Wilson asks to March 4, 1917- Wilson asks to

preserve “armed neutrality”preserve “armed neutrality”►April 6, 1917- Congress declares war April 6, 1917- Congress declares war

on Germanyon Germany►Americans buy Victory and Liberty Americans buy Victory and Liberty

BondsBonds

TechnologyTechnology

►Wireless communicationWireless communication► TanksTanks► AircraftAircraft►Machine GunsMachine Guns► ArtilleryArtillery► U- BoatsU- Boats► FlamethrowersFlamethrowers► Trench warfareTrench warfare► Biological warfareBiological warfare

Chlorine, mustard gas, and phosgeneChlorine, mustard gas, and phosgene

Russia Drops out of the WarRussia Drops out of the War

Impact of American TroopsImpact of American Troops

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles: : Why did the US Why did the US Senate reject the treatySenate reject the treaty??

The home frontThe home front

► Food is rationed by the governmentFood is rationed by the government► Government control ofGovernment control of

Industry and RailroadsIndustry and Railroads Labor and Agricultural ControlsLabor and Agricultural Controls

► Labor force changedLabor force changed Women and African Americans employedWomen and African Americans employed Also first time African- American soldiers were allowed to Also first time African- American soldiers were allowed to

fight in a foreign warfight in a foreign war

► Struggle to put down opposition of U.S. involvement Struggle to put down opposition of U.S. involvement in warin war Pacifists or Pacifists or COMMUNISTS?!COMMUNISTS?!

Attack on Civil LibertiesAttack on Civil Liberties

►Espionage Act of 1917-Espionage Act of 1917- Wilson gets powers of Wilson gets powers of censorshipcensorship

►Selective Service Act of 1917Selective Service Act of 1917

►Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917►Sedition Act of 1918Sedition Act of 1918

Criticizing the government had become Criticizing the government had become illegalillegal

Attack on Civil Liberties or Attack on Civil Liberties or Giving Priority to National Giving Priority to National

Security?Security?► Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Alien and Sedition Acts 1798► Lincoln Suspends Habeas CorpusLincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus► Espionage Act of 1917Espionage Act of 1917► Patriot Act of 2001 (Obama extended the law)Patriot Act of 2001 (Obama extended the law)

Patriot Act

Schenck v. United StatesSchenck v. United States

►Charles Schenck- Secretary of Socialist Charles Schenck- Secretary of Socialist PartyParty Sending out leaflets to eligible draftees Sending out leaflets to eligible draftees

encouraging them to oppose the draftencouraging them to oppose the draft

►Supreme Court sides with governmentSupreme Court sides with government ““clear and present danger” clear and present danger” rulerule circumstances of wartime permit greater circumstances of wartime permit greater

restrictions on free speech than would be restrictions on free speech than would be allowable during peacetimeallowable during peacetime

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

1.1. Identify causes of the “Great War” Identify causes of the “Great War” 2.2. Identify new technology created during WWIIdentify new technology created during WWI3.3. Describe the initial US position in the war.Describe the initial US position in the war.4.4. What was the initial US position based on?What was the initial US position based on?5.5. What caused the USA to enter the war?What caused the USA to enter the war?6.6. How did the war impact the daily life of Americans?How did the war impact the daily life of Americans?7.7. Is it reasonable for the government to limit civil Is it reasonable for the government to limit civil

liberties during times of war? Be Specificliberties during times of war? Be Specific8.8. How did the US government limit civil liberties during How did the US government limit civil liberties during

WWI?WWI?9.9. Why is the Treaty of Versailles considered a failure?Why is the Treaty of Versailles considered a failure?