The First World War. Causes of World War I Four long-term causes of the First World War.
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CAUSES OF
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WORLD WAR I
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Alliance System
CAUSE OF WAR: NATIONALISM
Nationalism nationalism |ˈnaSHəәnəәˌlizəәm|
What does this term mean? • Strong feelings of patriotism. When a country has
feelings of superiority over other countries.
CAUSE OF WAR: NATIONALISM
Nationalism nationalism |ˈnaSHəәnəәˌlizəәm|
How did this contribute to war fever? • Countries that prize national interests over anything
else often cause wars.
• At this time European countries wanted to assert themselves and their national identity.
CAUSE OF WAR: IMPERIALISM
Imperialism imperialism |imˈpi(əә)rēəәˌlizəәm|
What does this term mean? • A policy of extending a country's power and influence
through government or military force.
CAUSE OF WAR: IMPERIALISM
Imperialism imperialism |imˈpi(əә)rēəәˌlizəәm|
How did this contribute to war fever?
• Britain, France, Spain and Portugal had large empires. • They had colonies in Asia and Africa.
• Germany wanted their own colonies to use for raw materials. • Most of the land had been conquered by this time so they had
to deal with Britain and France.
CAUSE OF WAR: MILITARISM
Militarism militarism |ˈmiləәtəәˌrizəәm|
What does this term mean? • The belief of a government or people that a country
should have a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
CAUSE OF WAR: MILITARISM
Militarism militarism |ˈmiləәtəәˌrizəәm| How did this contribute to war? • In the early 1900’s, the British navy was the largest in the world • To control any new colonies Germany needed to have a large navy • Tension and hostility were building in Europe. • Britain saw this as a challenge and the two countries got into an
Arms Race to see who could build the biggest and strongest navy.
• Germany competed with France and Russia to build the biggest and best equipped army.
CAUSE OF WAR: ALLIANCE SYSTEM
Alliance System alliance |əәˈlīəәns|
What does this term mean?
• A union or association formed for mutual benefit between two or more countries or organizations:
• Rivalries often force countries to make defensive alliances.
CAUSE OF WAR: ALLIANCE SYSTEM
Alliance System alliance |əәˈlīəәns|
How did this contribute to war fever?
• Allies were needed for protection.
• Now we have two well armed sides. All that was needed was a spark to start the conflict.
CAUSE OF WAR: ALLIANCE SYSTEM
Alliances:
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria – Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente: France, Russia and Britain
CAUSE OF WAR: ALLIANCE SYSTEM
Alliances
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria – Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente: France, Russia and Britain
CAUSES OF WAR: THE SPARK
CAUSES OF WAR: THE SPARK
CAUSES OF WAR: THE SPARK
• A Serbian terrorist group , the Black Hand, assassinated, Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand, Heir to the Austrian throne, on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
• This was a state within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
• The Austrians sent Serbia and ultimatum.
• The Serbs refused and Austria invaded.
• Russia came to the aid of its Serbian Allies.
• Within a month, most members of the rival alliances were drawn into the conflict.
CAUSE OF WAR: THE SPARK
• Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand, Heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
WORLD WAR I
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World War Begins
CAUSE OF WAR: REVIEW
WORLD WAR I
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Background
WWI: World War Begins Background: • During the late 1800’s Germany tried to keep on friendly
terms with Russia.
• Germany expected war to be with France and not Russia. This would mean battle on a Western Front.
• If Russia Joined France against Germany, it would mean battle on an Eastern Front.
WWI: World War Begins
WWI: World War Begins
The Big Question: How could Germany avoid a war on two fronts?
WORLD WAR I
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The Schlieffen Plan
WWI: The Schlieffen Plan
WWI: The Schlieffen Plan The Schlieffen Plan • German General Von Schlieffen developed a plan.
WWI: The Schlieffen Plan • He expected the Russians to take a long time to mobilize
their army
• He thought he could move rapidly against the French on the Western Front. Doing so would mislead the Russian army as to the origin of the main attack.
• Schlieffen’s plan called for the majority of the German army to invade France from the North.
WWI: World War Begins
WWI: The Schlieffen Plan
• The Germans thought they could sweep across the flat lands of neutral Belgium and northern France, eventually making it to the English Channel.
• Schlieffen estimated it would take the German army a mere 6 weeks to complete his plan.
The Schlieffen Plan
Why it Failed
WWI: Why The Schlieffen Plan Failed
WWI: Why The Schlieffen Plan Failed
• Schlieffen based his plan on a gamble. About 70 years earlier France, Germany, and Britain had signed a treaty guaranteeing that Belgium should be neutral.
• Germany assumed that Britian would not object to Germany invading Belgium since it had been so long.
• This back fired on Germany and Britain used this as a reason to enter the war.
WWI: Goodbye Schlieffen • Von Schlieffen dies in 1913 but his general’s stick to the
plan.
WWI: Why The Schlieffen Plan Failed
• While approaching Pairs from the west the they were forced to truth south too soon. This meant that the French could meet them a the French German border.
• The German advance was halted on the Marne River and
both sides “dug in.” and built extensive trench systems.
• These trenches were protected by Artillery, Barbed wire, and machine guns.
WWI: World War Begins
WWI: Why The Schlieffen Plan Failed
Conclusion.
• Instead of knocking France out of the war, the Germans found themselves trapped on the western front
• The now faced the combined armies of France Britain, and the members of their empires, including Canada.
War in the Trenches
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Imperialism in the trenches
• See worksheet – add in answer take up • See pictures folder – have discusison. • Clip on what its like – letters from soldiers
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Canadian & World Studies COLLINGWOOD COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE
Shell Shock
Disaster on the Home Front
HALIFAX EXPLOSION
Disaster on the Home Front
Canadians Under
Fire
BATTLES
Ypres
BATTLES
WWI: The Battle of Ypres • The battle at Ypres occurred in April of
1915.
• At Ypres the Germans unleashed a new and terrible weapon-Chlorine Gas.
• This was the first time it used in history
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
• The Germans carried 5730 cylinders of gas with the to the front lines.
• When the French troops saw the gas they panicked and ran.
• This allowed the Germans to smash through the gap.
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
• This cloud of gas drifted over Canadian positions.
• Over 6000 Canadian soldiers would die a horrifically painful death.
• The Battle was a victory but it was a harsh reminder of what was to come.
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
WWI: The Battle of Ypres
The Somme
BATTLES
WWI: The Battle of The Somme • In 1916, the German army began pressing
the French at Verdun.
• British Commanders tried to smash through German Lines.
• Countless Allied lives were lost because of poor planning and execution.
WWI: The Somme
WWI: The Battle of The Somme • The Allies bombarded the Germans with
1.5 million rounds of ammo.
• This was to weaken the Germans. However, casualties were much lower than expected.
• More than 600 000 French and British were killed.
WWI: The Battle of The Somme • The Canadians gained most of their
objectives but lost nearly 24 000 men.
• This was the first time tanks were used.
• After it was all over less than a dozen kilometers were gained.
WWI: The Somme
WWI: The Somme
WWI: The Somme
Vimy Ridge
BATTLES
WWI: Vimy Ridge • The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a high point
of Canadian Military achievement.
• The Ridge was a strategic position that was heavily fortified.
Trenches, machine guns, concrete walls, barbwire, ,mines
Dt folder
WWI: Vimy Ridge • The French and British Troops made
several attempts to take the ridge.
• The Canadians were charged to take the ridge. Their strategy was strategic planning.
WWI: Vimy Ridge
WWI: Vimy Ridge • The victory at Vimy cost Canadians dearly.
• More than 3,500 lives were lost.
• This battle showed that the Canadians could act as an independent unit.
Passchendaele
BATTLES
WWI: Passchendaele • Unfortunately Vimy was not the last battle
of the war.
• The British lead a disastrous attempt to smash through the German front.
• Canada was later ordered to capture Passchendaele.
WWI: Passchendaele • 4 million shells destroyed all drainage
systems.
• Some historians have termed this battle the “insane” attack because it would cost so many lives.
• Regardless the Canadians began their attacks.
WWI: Passchendaele
WWI: Passchendaele • Eventually the Canadians reached the
outskirts of the village.
• They held on for five days but were torn apart before reinforcements arrived.
• Nine Canadian soldiers were awarded the victoria cross.