Initial Causes of the Civil War 1850-1861 Causes of the Civil War Class Notesheet.
Causes of World War I--annotated version
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Transcript of Causes of World War I--annotated version
What Caused the First World War?
Nationalism
• rivalries among nations to be the best
• militarism
• collapsing empires
• bad blood between nations (FR & GR, A/H & RUS, A/H & Serbia)
Serbia
Austria-Hungary
Russian EmpireGermany
FranceEngland
Nationalism• rivalries among nations to be the best: nations compete for industrial
output, colonies, size of their military, leading international trade and for global influence
• militarism: nations increase the size of their militaries to generate nationalism and enable them to influence the world
• collapsing empires: Russia & Austria were weak, Ottomans fighting nationalism in its empire, Austria and Serbia are trying to expand their influence
• bad blood between nations: Franco-Prussian War (1870-1); Germany won & took land from France; Austria & Serbia competing for influence in the Balkans; Russia supported Serbia and competed with Austria Hungary for influence
The Balkan Powder Keg
• competition for control of the Balkans
The Balkan Powder Keg
• competition for control of the Balkans: This was one of the big sparks to start the war = nationalism! As the war intensifies, this issue of control of the Balkans fades into the background.
The SparkJune 28, 1914
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s visit to Bosnia
• the Black Hand (Gavrilo Princip)
• did Serbia know?!?
• Austria-Hungary’s demands
• mobilizations
The Spark• Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s visit to Bosnia: Heir to the thrown visits Bosnia
to flex Austria’s strength.
• the Black Hand (Gavrilo Princip): It’s a Serbian “terrorist” group that wants Austria-Hungary out of the Balkan region. They assassinate the Archduke which leads to an Austrian invasion of Serbia.
• did Serbia know?!? Historians believe the gov knew, but it wouldn’t have been popular to warn its enemy about the attack.
• Austria-Hungary’s demands: Allow us to investigate the assassination and confront anti-Austrian groups; Serbia says no!
• mobilizations: A/H declares war on Serbia, Russia mobilizes against A/H and GR, GR declares war on FR and Russia, England mobilizes to support FR and protect Belgium.
Entangling Alliances
• England
• France
• Russia
• Italy* (switched sides)
• Serbia
• Belgium
• Austria-Hungary
• Germany
• Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers Central Powers
Entangling Alliances
• England
• France
• Russia
• Italy* (switched sides)
• Serbia
• Belgium
• Austria-Hungary
• Germany
• Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers Central Powers
The War Starts--29 July 1914
• Austria Hungary invades Serbia
• Schlieffen Plan
• two front war
• men were excited!
The War Starts--29 July 1914
• Austria Hungary invades Serbia: After securing its German alliance, A/H invades and draws first blood.
• Schlieffen Plan: German plan to destroy France and then Russia. Attack FR through Belgium, flank French forts and capture Paris. Then, move east and crush Russia before they can mobilize.
• two front war: After the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, Germany must fight a two front war: France in the West and Russia in the East. History has shown this is extremely difficult to win.
• men were excited! At the start of the war, men were filled with nationalism and wanted to crush their enemies. Everyone thought it was going to be a short war.
Stalemate• military “strategies”
• first industrial war
• trench warfare
Stalemate
• military “strategies”: 19th century ideas with 20th century weapons = MASSIVE amounts of casualties.
• first industrial war: Mass production of weapons = better quality and more of them.
• trench warfare: Fighting on the Western Front between England and France vs Germany. Both sides dig in and fight an absolutely brutal war.