CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR. FOUR MAIN CAUSES 1. Slavery Moral v. Political issue 2. Constitutional...
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Transcript of CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR. FOUR MAIN CAUSES 1. Slavery Moral v. Political issue 2. Constitutional...
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
FOUR MAIN CAUSES 1. Slavery
Moral v. Political issue
2. Constitutional Disputes Federal government v. states rights
3. Economic differences Industrialization v. agriculture
4. Political extremism-new parties
WESTERN TERRITORIES Free Soil Movement-believed slavery should be
prohibited in the Mexican Cession South viewed any attempts to restrict slavery as a
violation of their Constitutional rights Popular Sovereignty
Lewis Cass Let the people in the territory decide whether or not to
have slaves
ELECTION OF 1848 Democrats-Lewis Cass Whigs-Zachary Taylor
Mexican War hero
Free Soil-Martin Van Buren Taylor wins
ZACHARY TAYLOR1849-1850
CALIFORNIA 1849-Beginning of gold rush 100,000 settlers No law and order Drafts a state constitution that banned slavery Taylor supports annexation South threatens to secede Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay
COMPROMISE OF 1850 1. Admit California as free state 2. Divided Mexican Cession into two territories
(NM & UT) 3. Popular Sovereignty 4. Disputed land between Texas and New Mexico
went to New Mexico 5. Federal Government assumes $10 million of
Texas debt 6. Slave trade banned in Washington DC 7. New Fugitive Slave Law
COMPROMISE OF 1850 Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, & John C.
Calhoun-major debates All die before decided Pres. Taylor (opposed) also dies Millard Fillmore (supported) quickly passes
Compromise Most controversial aspects-popular
sovereignty & fugitive slave law
MILLARD FILLMORE 1850-1853 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
1850 Canal in Central America
ELECTION OF 1852 Whigs-Winfield Scott
Mexican War hero Ignored slavery issue-focused on internal
improvements Democrats-Franklin Pierce
Supported Fugitive Slave Law-accepted in south Pierce won all but four states Decline in Whig party
FRANKLIN PIERCE1853-1857
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Need a transcontinental railroad Stephen Douglas (senator from IL) wants it
to go through Chicago Needs the support of southern politicians
1854-Kansas-Nebraska Act Popular Sovereignty in the Kansas & Nebraska
Territories Repeals the Missouri Compromise line
NEW POLITICAL PARTY Republican Party
1854 Created in direct response to the passing of the
Kansas-Nebraska Act Made up of Free-Soilers, anti-slavery Whigs, &
anti-slavery Democrats Called for the repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
& the Fugitive Slave Law Against the spread of slavery to the territories
OSTEND MANIFESTO Pierce instructs the ambassador to Spain to buy
Cuba from the Spanish They turn down offer Pierce orders James Buchanan to write document
(Ostend Manifesto) If Spain does not sell Cuba, the US will take by force
Press finds out and leaks idea to American Public Popular idea in South Angers North & West
Never given to Spain
ELECTION OF 1856 Republicans-John C. Fremont
Platform-no expansion of slavery, free homesteads, & protective tariff
Democrats-James Buchanan Not connected with the Kansas-Nebraska Act
“Know Nothings”-Millard Fillmore Won 20% of popular vote
Buchanan wins the popular & electoral vote Fremont carried 11 of 16 free states
JAMES BUCHANAN1857-1861
“BLEEDING KANSAS” Aftermath of Kansas-Nebraska Act Both sides send in settlers Violence erupts Two capitals
Lecompton-proslavery Topeka-antislavery
Democratic party splits between north & south
DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD Dred Scott-slave taken to live in a free state, sued for
his freedom Appealed to the Supreme Court Decision given in March 1857
1. Dred Scott had no right to sue-not a citizen, furthermore all blacks were not citizens
2. Congress had no right to take away property, if slaves property, then Congress could not exclude slavery from any state
3. Repealed the Missouri Compromise Southerners delighted Northerners shocked-blamed all Democrats
ELECTION OF 1858 Congressional election Lincoln-Douglas Debates
“House Divided” speech Republicans win many seats Bad news for the south
RAID AT HARPERS FERRY October 1859-Virginia John Brown led a slave revolt Tried to take over federal arsenal Killed 7 Federal troops led by Gen. Robert E. Lee
captured Brown & 6 others tried & hanged Seen as martyr
ELECTION OF 1860 Republicans-Abraham Lincoln Democrats split
Northern-Stephen Douglas Southern-John Breckinridge
New Party-Constitutional Union-John Bell South threatened to secede if Lincoln elected Lincoln carried every free state
59% of electoral vote 40% of popular vote
Breckinridge carried the deep south
SECESSION Dec. 1860-South Carolina secedes Within 6 weeks-7 more states secede Feb. 1861-Created the Confederate States of
America Established Montgomery, AL as capital Elected Jefferson Davis as President
CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE President did nothing to stop the southern
secession Last ditch effort by Congress
Crittenden Compromise Reenact the Missouri Compromise line in west Lincoln did not support