Causes of French Revolution 1789 Changes brought about by the Revolution.
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Transcript of Causes of French Revolution 1789 Changes brought about by the Revolution.
• Causes of French Revolution 1789
• Changes brought about by the Revolution
It was the best of times, It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,it was the worst of times,Charles DickensCharles DickensA Tale of Two CitiesA Tale of Two Cities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EvakM9Waus&feature=related
Marie Marie Antoinette Antoinette
and the and the Royal Royal
ChildrenChildren
The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793
Marie Antoinette & Louis Marie Antoinette & Louis XVIXVI
Ancien Regime
• Using the handout create your own diagram to represent the social structure in France under the Ancien Regime– Include: population numbers, three etstates,
description of ‘classes’, land ownership, privileges.
Let Them Eat Cake! Let Them Eat Cake!
Y Marie Antoinette NEVER said Marie Antoinette NEVER said that!that!
Y ““Madame Deficit”Madame Deficit”
Y ““The Austrian Whore”The Austrian Whore”
Socio-Economic Data, 1789Socio-Economic Data, 1789
The French Urban PoorThe French Urban Poor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Income Spent on Bread
1787
1788
Where is the tax Where is the tax money?money?
Ancien RegimeAncien Regime Map, 1789 Map, 1789
Convening the Estates General Convening the Estates General May, 1789May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!Last time it was called into session was 1614!
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Suggested Voting Pattern:The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by EstatesVoting by Estates
1
1
1
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Number of RepresentativesThe Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head!in the Estates General: Vote by Head!
300
300
648
Europe on the Eve of theEurope on the Eve of theFrench RevolutionFrench Revolution
““The Third Estate Awakens”The Third Estate Awakens”
““The Tennis Court The Tennis Court Oath”Oath”
by Jacques Louis Davidby Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789June 20, 1789
Storming the Bastille,Storming the Bastille,July 14, 1789July 14, 1789
The Great Fear:The Great Fear:Peasant RevoltPeasant Revolt
July 20, July 20, 17891789
March of the Women,March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789October 5-6, 1789
We want the baker, the baker’s wife We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!and the baker’s boy!
National Constituent AssemblyNational Constituent Assembly1789 - 17911789 - 1791
August DecreesAugust DecreesAugust 4-11, 1789August 4-11, 1789
(A renunciation of aristocratic (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!)privileges!)
Liberté!
Liberté!
Egalité!Egalité!
Fraternité!
Fraternité!
V Equality & Equality & MeritocracyMeritocracy
The Tricolor (1789)The Tricolor (1789)
The WHITE of the The WHITE of the Bourbons + the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of RED & BLUE of
Paris.Paris.
Citizen!Citizen!
The Declaration of the The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Rights of Man and of
the Citizenthe Citizen
August August 26, 26, 17891789
‘‘Liberty, Liberty, Equality, Equality, FraternitFraternit
y!’y!’
The Confiscation of Church LandsThe Confiscation of Church Lands
17901790
Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791& the National Assembly. 1791
The French Constitution of 1791:The French Constitution of 1791:Created by the National AssemblyCreated by the National Assembly
Y The kingThe king ** he could not pass laws. he could not pass laws. ** his ministers were responsible his ministers were responsible for their own actions. for their own actions.
Y A permanent, elected, single chamber A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly.National Assembly. ** had the power to grant taxation. had the power to grant taxation.
Y An independent judiciary.An independent judiciary.
Y A newly elected LEGISLATIVE A newly elected LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.ASSEMBLY.
Louis Flees
• Louis reaction to attempt to establish a constitutional monarchy was to flee and encourage Austria and Prussia to invade France.
• Caught and arrested by revolutionaries and returned to Paris
• Louis’ reaction marks a fatal turning point.• Viewed as a traitor.• A republic is publically discussed
Legislative Assembly• Conservatives: Wanted a limited
monarchy, thought Revolution had gone far enough. SAT ON RIGHT OF HALL
• Moderates: No extreme views. Sided with conservatives or radicals depending on issue. SAT IN MIDDLE OF HALL
• Radicals: Extreme views, want a Republic. Want far-reaching change. SAT ON LEFT OF HALL.
The End of Monarchy
• Invasion of Prussia & Austria spark uprisings in Paris
• Louis is accused of plotting with enemy• Royal family is imprisoned, King’s Guard
massacred.• Monarchy suspended• Legislative Assembly vote itself out of
existence to be replaced by NATIONAL CONVENTION.
September 1792 National Convention
• Three main groups (no one supporting the King)
• Girondists: Republicans, representing middle class who feared domination of France by Paris
• Jacobins: Most powerful figures in this group were MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE and GEORGES-JAQUES DANTON. Many of these were extreme radicals wanted reform that would benefit all classes, including the san-culottes.
• Third Group without definite views or identity.
January 21st 1793
• National Convention charge Louis with plotting against the nation
• Beheaded by guillotine
• Shockwaves around Europe and even America
Committee of Public Safety• Set up by National Convention to meet
challenges from outside France
• Committee’s duty to:– Direct the army in crushing foreign invaders– Establish a court ‘Revolutionary Tribunal’ to try
enemies of the Revolution– Introduce conscription – all unmarried men 18-
25. Army becomes new nationalistic and patriotic force. All classes can become officers.
““Must” Reads:Must” Reads:Important Books & Pamphlets Important Books & Pamphlets
of the French Revolutionof the French Revolution